Sittings

Members debated the Prevention of Livestock and Produce Theft Bill, stressing the need for practical, preventive measures such as livestock branding, registration, and community‑based reward systems, while ensuring adequate funding and implementation. They referenced comparable legislation in other African nations and highlighted the broader context of poverty and youth unemployment as drivers of theft. The session also included procedural remarks and a welcome to visiting students. Hon. Mejjadonk Gathiru outlined amendments to the education Bill to recognise specialised institutions, align diploma and certificate programmes with the TVET Authority, and introduce a clear statutory definition of a university, assuring that current students will not be disadvantaged. Hon. Emmanuel Wangwe highlighted the Bill's role in incorporating disadvantaged schools and raised concerns about how the reforms intersect with the Bill of Rights, particularly the right to education. The debate combined constructive proposals with critical questions about equity and legal clarity. Members raised concerns over unequal resource allocation, including the lack of functional vehicles for Kitui West sub‑counties and restrictive age limits in school co‑curricular guidelines. Additional grievances focused on the disparity in teachers' house allowances and the delocalisation policy in Mombasa, with several members urging the relevant departmental committees to address these issues within two weeks. The debate combined criticism with procedural commitments to seek statements and possible remedial actions.

Hon. Owen Baya advocated for the Health Bill that would merge existing health regulatory bodies into a single authority to ensure systemic patient safety and enforce patients' rights through a mandatory charter. The Bill introduces stringent registration, licensing, and accreditation requirements for facilities, links access to public funds with quality standards, and proposes a specialised Health Care Tribunal for swift justice. He highlighted current conflicts of interest and negligence issues, arguing the reforms will provide legal protection and accountability for patients and providers. Members debated a health sector reform Bill aimed at consolidating regulatory authority, eliminating overlapping statutes and preventing forum shopping. The discussion highlighted the need for clear quality‑of‑care standards, stronger patient safety mechanisms, and a streamlined tribunal for health disputes. While criticism was directed at the current fragmented system, the majority expressed optimism that the Bill will enhance universal health coverage through unified oversight. Speakers highlighted the fragmented licensing system for health facilities and the resulting burden on providers and patients, urging the creation of a single regulator to streamline registration and improve accountability. They advocated for the Quality Healthcare and Patient Safety Bill, emphasizing patient rights, safety, and the need to address staff shortages and delayed justice. The debate combined criticism of current practices with strong support for legislative reform.

The House Business Committee outlined upcoming legislative business and praised members for passing the Supplementary Appropriations Bill. Procedural motions were moved, notably the approval of a charter for the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), emphasizing its strategic role in health research, vaccine development and alignment with national development priorities. The debate was largely constructive and procedural with no major conflict. Hon. Emmanuel Wangwe and Hon. Marianne Kitany both voiced strong support for amending the Special Economic Zones Act to attract private investment in Kenya's upstream, midstream and downstream oil sectors, emphasizing tax incentives and infrastructure needs. They highlighted the strategic importance of developing blocks T6 and T7 in Turkana, reducing reliance on imported oil, and the long‑term economic benefits despite high initial costs. MP John Waithaka called for an update on the murder investigation of 12‑year‑old Bridgit Njoki Wainaina, prompting the committee chair to promise a response within two weeks. Hon. David Gikaria and Hon. Abdul Haro debated the reliability of electricity in Kotulo, Mandera, with the committee outlining plans but the MP expressing dissatisfaction over recent outages and unconnected lines. The Deputy Speaker also welcomed a group of schoolchildren before proceeding to the Majority Leader’s statement.

Members debated the need to improve access to quality education for children in informal settlements, calling for proper school infrastructure or free transport such as BRT services. They criticised unqualified alternative schools and urged stricter regulation while supporting the education Bill with amendments. The discussion emphasized government responsibility, oversight mechanisms, and equitable resource allocation. Hon. Esther Passaris urged the passage of an amendment bill to formally recognise and fund schools operating in informal settlements and orphanage learning centres, highlighting the constitutional right to education and the need for feeding programmes and teacher training. She praised community resilience and the President's leadership but criticised current resource allocation, exclusion of non‑public schools, and pervasive corruption that hampers effective budgeting for universal education. Members raised concerns about the capitation funding limits in a proposed bill, emphasizing the need for clear, equitable standards to support both rural and urban poor, especially children in informal settlements. The debate also touched on affordable housing initiatives aimed at eliminating slums, while the temporary speaker intervened to maintain order. Hon. Zamzam highlighted the hardships faced by families in slum areas and urged greater government support for education and basic services.

Members overwhelmingly supported the motion to establish the Kenya Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, highlighting its potential to boost innovation, create jobs and enhance Kenya’s economy. Hon. Kimilu and Hon. Shakeel also condemned the recent attack on Senator Godfrey Osotsi, urging respect for democratic discourse. The Temporary Speaker intervened to keep the debate focused on the motion. The Deputy Speaker opened the afternoon sitting, welcomed a group of students from local schools, and oversaw the laying of several committee papers and a motion on access to cancer care. Members also raised a request for a statement from the Defence, Intelligence and Foreign Relations Committee concerning the unexplained burial of a Kenyan domestic worker in Saudi Arabia, with a two‑week response deadline. The session was largely procedural with a focus on health, broadcasting, and foreign affairs issues. Members debated the lack of transparency around the leasing of sugar mills, demanding lease agreements, investment plans and valuation of assets, while also addressing concerns over growing arrears highlighted in the supplementary budget and the need for an audit. The Deputy Speaker mediated procedural disputes between Hon. Caroli Omondi and Hon. Mutunga, allowing further discussion and directing requests for statements. A separate general statement celebrated the issuance of the first birth certificate in Lamu East.

Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah presented a Bill to repeal and replace the existing Fisheries Act, proposing a comprehensive framework that creates the Kenya Fisheries Service, an advisory council, a Monitoring, Control and Surveillance unit, and a Fish Marketing Authority. The Bill emphasizes sustainable resource management, accountability through audits and parliamentary oversight, and measures to protect local species such as tilapia from over‑exploitation and imports. It also seeks to establish dedicated funds to support fisheries development and ensure food security and livelihoods for fisherfolk. The National Assembly debated a Fisheries Management Bill intended to consolidate licences, improve stock‑taking and boost aquaculture as a food‑security and economic pillar. Hon. Dorothy Muthoni strongly endorsed the Bill, citing modern landing sites and job creation, while Hon. Millie Odhiambo‑Mabona raised serious concerns about gaps in regulation, exploitation, declining fish stocks, artisanal fisher rights and trans‑boundary conflicts with Uganda. The discussion combined supportive arguments with pointed criticism, reflecting a mixed overall tone. Hon. Millie Odhiambo-Mabona highlighted conflicts over depleted fishing areas, safety risks for young fishers, and the need for government-funded boats and equipment, proposing amendments to the Fisheries Management and Development Bill. Hon. Charity Chepkwony expressed strong support for the Bill, emphasizing improved governance, penalties for illegal fishing and pollution, and the creation of research and development funds to boost food security and economic growth. The debate combined acknowledgment of existing challenges with a constructive outlook on legislative solutions.

Senators Mandago and Wakili Sigei criticised county governors for failing to appear before Senate committees and for accumulating large pending bills, urging stricter oversight and a 90‑day extension for the committee's work. Sen. Olekina backed an amendment to extend oversight, stressing the need to implement audit recommendations and improve coordination between oversight bodies such as the EACC. The debate centred on county financial management, supplementary budgets, and the role of the Controller of Budget in ensuring prudent use of resources. Senators criticised county governors for failing to account for large pending bills and misusing supplementary budgets, urging the Controller of Budget to enforce rules as strictly as with the national government. They proposed a 15‑member ad hoc committee to audit procurement and project progress, with recommendations that non‑compliant governors face political sanctions under the Integrity and Leadership Act. The debate combined sharp criticism with constructive proposals for stronger oversight. The Senate considered a public petition on prolonged teacher appointments and working conditions in Samburu County, laid a health committee report on the Assisted Reproductive Technology Bill, and debated a motion highlighting Kenya's role in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and AI strategy. Senators also sought statements on challenges in the Social Health Insurance framework and on punitive tax enforcement affecting contractors, while welcoming a youth attachment programme.

Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah used the Easter recess to call for national healing, emphasizing the independence of divine will from political desires and urging respect for the clergy’s role in prayer. The Speaker and other members then focused on procedural matters, allocating limited time for debate on the Supplementary Appropriation Bill and reminding members of the need to avoid repetition of earlier discussions. The session combined moral exhortation with routine budgetary and legislative housekeeping. Members debated the First Supplementary Appropriations Bill, noting a Ksh316.7 billion increase to the budget and emphasizing the need to fast‑track projects before elections. Contributions highlighted additional funding for higher education, airport development, and security agencies, while urging MPs to monitor constituency projects. Procedural motions to amend the Bill's schedule were also raised. Members debated draft regulations aimed at curbing the unsustainable wage bill and harmonising public‑sector pay through equity, caps on allowances and performance‑based remuneration. While many praised the reforms as necessary for transparency, morale and fiscal discipline, concerns were raised about transition impacts, safeguards for performance metrics and the lack of comparable remuneration for MPs. The discussion highlighted the need for clear implementation guidelines and robust public participation.

Members debated the Universities (Amendment) Bill, arguing that universities should focus on degree programmes and research while technical and vocational training be handled by TVET institutions and middle‑level colleges. They highlighted concerns over the proliferation of diploma and certificate courses at universities, the need for quality standards, and suggested partnerships with foreign institutions and local manufacturing to enhance skills development. Members debated a Bill on appointing the Inspector‑General of Police, urging that only officers who have risen through the ranks should be eligible and warning against external appointments. They highlighted the need to raise experience thresholds, protect career civil servants, and improve police welfare, while expressing support for the Bill’s objectives. The discussion was constructive but underscored frustrations with current appointment practices. Members debated a Bill that would prohibit universities from offering ordinary diplomas and certificates, raising concerns about regulatory gaps, student funding, and potential waste of existing university infrastructure. While some praised the move as a step toward clearer higher‑education governance, others called for a unified authority and better financing mechanisms for TVET and health‑training students. Proposals were made to allow universities to share facilities and to rename or expand HELB to cover middle‑level learners.

The Senate session on 1 April 2026 was halted because a quorum was not met. The Speaker called for a quorum, the Quorum Bell rang for ten minutes, and the House was adjourned to reconvene later that afternoon.

The session began with a celebratory welcome to a group of women leaders from the speaker’s constituency, highlighting their contributions and unity. The debate then shifted to a contentious motion concerning county governors’ refusal to appear before the Senate’s Committee on Public Accounts, with senators emphasizing the constitutional duty of accountability and criticizing the governors’ avoidance tactics. Overall, the proceedings combined commendation of local leadership with sharp criticism of perceived non‑cooperation by county officials. Senators questioned the propriety of advancing the Division of Revenue Bill while several county governors faced arrest warrants and had failed to account for allocated funds, urging the Senate to halt the bill until accountability was ensured. The Speaker repeatedly directed the Majority Leader to proceed, overruling points of order and emphasizing procedural continuity. The exchange highlighted tension between anti‑corruption concerns and the legislative timetable for fiscal allocations. Senators criticised the presence of journalists and governors who allegedly have active warrants inside the Senate, demanding their removal and even proposing a citizen's arrest. The Speaker responded by ordering the Serjeant‑at‑Arms to escort the Governor of Samburu to the police station while procedural communications were prepared.

The debate covered procedural matters on salary adjustments and the role of the SRC, followed by security concerns about individuals returning with military or cyber skills and Kenya’s neutral stance on the Middle East conflict. The Speaker also highlighted ongoing cooperation between the national government and Nairobi County on large‑scale infrastructure, water and sanitation projects, and referenced specific criminal and petition issues requiring ministerial attention. Hon. Samuel Atandi moved a motion to adopt the Supplementary Estimates for FY 2025/2026, emphasizing that this will likely be the sole supplementary budget this year and that the original budget allocations have been largely preserved. He highlighted increased funding for development projects, security, disaster response and revenue mobilisation through the Kenya Revenue Authority and privatisation, while also critiquing past supplementary budgets for undermining credibility. The speech combined constructive proposals with cautionary remarks about fiscal discipline and the need for effective implementation before elections. Members highlighted the need for additional budgetary allocation to the State Department for East African Community Affairs to sustain regional trade integration, while also endorsing the supplementary budget’s focus on tax digitisation, procurement reforms, and pension automation. The debate celebrated the establishment of the National Infrastructure Fund’s governing council and noted increased capitation funding for schools, signalling optimism for infrastructure growth and improved service delivery.

Senators condemned governors who refuse to appear before the County Public Accounts Committee, labeling their non‑compliance a breach of the Constitution and a dereliction of duty. They called for stronger sanctions, including higher fines and expanded parliamentary powers to enforce accountability. The debate also highlighted the Senate's role in overseeing devolution and ensuring proper use of devolved funds. During the afternoon Senate sitting on 31 March 2026, senators—primarily Sen. Osotsi—presented a series of notices of motions enumerating county‑level funds, hospitals, and development projects across numerous counties. The debate was largely procedural, listing items such as health service funds, climate‑change funds, water and sewerage companies, and mortgage‑car loan schemes without substantive debate or emotive language. Senators debated Auditor‑General findings that expose serious governance failures in several counties, condemning governors for wasteful spending and lack of response. They called for stronger oversight by involving the ODPP and DCI, urged reforms to water and hospital funding, and suggested amending the Powers and Privileges Act to impose penalties for contempt, while also contesting procedural rules on speaking time.

Members expressed condolences for the late Hon. David Kiaraho and for personal losses, while repeatedly urging swift action on the Quality Healthcare and Patient Safety Bill to address misdiagnoses and substandard medical care. The debate highlighted alarming cases of incorrect treatment, calls for regular medical licensing reviews, and frustration over procedural delays in the House. Members debated the National Aviation Policy, emphasizing aviation’s role as an economic enabler and linking it to Kenya’s Vision 2030. The discussion included historical claims about the first commercial and military aircraft landings in the country, a proposal to promote the historic Maktau site as a tourist attraction, and concerns about bird strikes linked to waste dumping sites. Overall, the tone was constructive but featured mild disagreements over historical details. Members contested the authenticity of a purported letter from “Kalonzo Kalonzo,” using the issue to criticize party leadership decisions, committee seat allocations and alleged post‑election gerrymandering. The exchange grew heated with accusations of unsolicited advice and political maneuvering, while the Speaker interjected procedural points and announced a forthcoming requiem mass.

The session began with an uplifting address encouraging young women to pursue leadership roles, followed by procedural exchanges among senators. The main debate centered on the AI Conference report, emphasizing the urgency of enacting the Artificial Intelligence Bill, improving data management, and addressing AI's impact on elections. Environmental concerns about Nairobi River pollution were also raised, highlighting the need for NEMA intervention. Senators highlighted a deepening health sector crisis, citing strikes and understaffing in several counties and expressing disappointment with the government's response. The debate then shifted to the NYOTA youth programme, with Sen. Cherarkey accusing Sen. Osotsi of politicising youth grants, leading to a heated exchange of accusations and procedural challenges. The Deputy Speaker intervened repeatedly to enforce standing orders and manage points of order. Senators discussed the upcoming business schedule, including questions to cabinet secretaries and motions, and raised concerns over the timely tabling of the County Public Accounts Committee audit reports ahead of the constitutional deadline of 31 March. Additional remarks highlighted procedural frustrations about report processing delays and a request for clarification on the criteria for acknowledging school visits to the plenary. The Deputy Speaker responded by noting the issues and adjusting the order of business.

Senators debated the integrity of live‑streaming the Senate, with the Temporary Speaker calling for an IT audit and citing constitutional access under Article 118. The discussion also covered a motion on an Artificial Intelligence report and lobbying for the Standard Gauge Railway to pass through Nyamira and Kisii. Procedural tensions arose as members accused each other of disruptive gestures and demanded clarification of evidence. The Temporary Speaker deferred several motions and procedural items. Senators Omogeni and Cherarkey then engaged in a heated exchange, with Omogeni questioning claims that the morning session was not streamed on YouTube and demanding evidence, while also criticizing the planned railway route that bypasses Nyamira and Kisii counties. The debate highlighted concerns over transparency of parliamentary broadcasting and regional infrastructure development. Senators criticised the new education funding model and the Competency Based Curriculum, arguing they have failed and led to the loss of free education, while also highlighting corruption in education‑related funds. They called for stronger oversight, better support for teacher trainees from marginalized backgrounds, and legislative action to improve teacher welfare. The debate combined sharp criticism with constructive proposals for reform.

Senators raised concerns about uneven allocation of training slots for sport technical personnel and the slow or stalled construction of several regional stadiums, while the Cabinet Secretary highlighted affirmative action measures, upcoming infrastructure upgrades for the 2027 Africa Cup of Nations, and pending funding for the Olympic team. The exchange combined criticism of current gaps with assurances of forthcoming actions and financial commitments. Senators pressed the Cabinet Secretary for details on proposed stadium sites in Kilifi and the status of works at Kiprugut Stadium in Kericho and a soil‑removal incident in Nandi, alleging a lack of contractors and transparency. The Temporary Speaker repeatedly intervened, urging the senators to withdraw unparliamentary remarks and apologise before the minister could respond, highlighting a tense and confrontational exchange. The Cabinet Secretary for Youth Affairs, Creative Economy and Sports briefed the Senate on progress and financing of sports infrastructure, including venues for the Africa Cup of Nations, stadium upgrades in Wote, Embu and Marsabit, and pending payments to the Olympic team. He emphasized a policy shift toward greater private‑sector involvement for sports federations, while Senators sought clarification on budgets and technical issues, leading to procedural interjections.

Senators welcomed school delegations from Kwale, Taita‑Taveta and other counties before moving to procedural business. The debate then shifted to Sen. Sifuna’s extensive criticism of rising banditry, the deteriorating condition of national referral hospitals such as KNH, and the alleged misuse of security agencies and political interference in private enterprises. He called for accountability and better prioritisation of public resources. Senators highlighted the rapid shrinkage of Lariak Forest and the lack of a migratory corridor for elephants, urging the creation of wildlife corridors. They also raised acute insecurity in Vihiga and Migori counties, citing illegal weapons, police harassment, and the burning of a police station, and called on security committees to intervene. Additionally, a brief motion urged the Ministry of Education to integrate teacher‑training college students into the new funding model. Senators debated the shortcomings of Kenya's current higher‑education funding model, urging a shift toward scholarship‑based support for teachers, TVET and diploma programmes and greater equity beyond KUCCPS placements. They highlighted acute accommodation challenges for trainees, especially in remote counties, and called for coordinated funding to improve teacher training infrastructure. The discussion was constructive but underscored significant gaps in existing policies.

Senator Cherarkey praised the centenary of Kapsabet High School, highlighting its distinguished alumni and the role of education in nation‑building. Senator Chemitei raised urgent concerns about the proliferation of illicit alcohol in Baringo County, urging a review of regulatory and enforcement measures. Senator Maanzo expanded the debate to drug abuse, calling for better funding, rehabilitation centres, and youth employment to curb the crisis. Senators welcomed students from Nyeri and highlighted the importance of vocational training, while emphasizing the need for stronger capacity and financial autonomy for County Assembly members. The debate also featured a point‑of‑order clash between Sen. Cherarkey and Sen. Methu, with accusations of party‑political misconduct and a request to expunge certain remarks from the record. Overall the session mixed constructive discussion on devolution with partisan tension. Senators raised concerns about rising corruption and economic crimes in Tana River County and the social harms of illicit liquor such as mnazi, urging the Standing Committee on Justice to seek a statement and faster prosecutions. They expressed frustration with the ODPP and EACC’s slow investigative processes and lack of tracking tools, while also offering brief congratulatory remarks on a school’s centenary and personal anecdotes about mnazi.

Sen. Cherarkey praised the centenary of Kapsabet High School, highlighting its alumni and the role of education in nation‑building. Sen. Chemitei raised urgent concerns about the spread of illicit alcohol in Baringo County and called for a committee statement. Sen. Maanzo expanded the discussion to drug abuse, criticizing inadequate funding for NACADA, the lack of rehabilitation centres, and urging employment and preventive measures for youth. Senators welcomed students from Nyeri and highlighted the importance of devolution, MCA capacity building, and financial autonomy, while also praising past leaders. The session shifted to a procedural dispute when Sen. Methu raised a point of order to expunge a record after Sen. Cherarkey accused him of party‑related misconduct, leading to a brief exchange with the Deputy Speaker. Sen. Mungatana moved for a statement on the prosecution of corruption and economic crimes in Tana River County, linking the issue to the proliferation of illicit liquor such as mnazi. Senators, particularly Sen. Sifuna, expressed frustration over the lack of effective follow‑up by the EACC and ODPP on anti‑corruption recommendations, citing delayed investigations and dramatic arrests. The Speaker intervened repeatedly to maintain order and enforce standing‑order procedures.

The Senate debated the Health (Amendment) Bill, focusing on the role of the Auditor‑General and the risk of conflicts of interest in audit oversight. Senators criticised the misuse of audit findings for political ends and highlighted the illegal practice of detaining patients or deceased bodies in hospitals, urging stronger legal safeguards. Calls were made for the Finance and Budget Committee, along with CPAC and CPISFC, to jointly review the bill and related audit matters. Senators discussed the growing problem of patients and families being unable to settle hospital bills, leading to prolonged stays and even bodies being left in hospitals. They highlighted the lack of a clear financing mechanism and called for legislative reforms to establish funds or procedures for compensating hospitals and dignified handling of the deceased, including mass graves where necessary. While acknowledging the seriousness of the issue, the debate remained largely constructive, seeking solutions rather than assigning blame. Senator Omogeni highlighted a case where the State Health Agency paid only a fraction of a cancer patient's hospital bill, seeking to table the invoice as evidence of systemic underfunding. The Deputy Speaker repeatedly challenged the manner of tabling the document, leading to a heated exchange over procedural rules and the roles of the Majority Leader and the Chair. The matter was ultimately deferred pending further clarification.

The session was marked by procedural tension as the Speaker ruled Sen. Chute's question inadmissible and admonished Senators, while Sen. Boni raised concerns about the handling of the query. The Cabinet Secretary for Roads and Transport then detailed government initiatives on urban drainage, the design and funding of the Nithi Bridge, and the dualling of the Nairobi‑Mombasa highway, emphasizing budget allocations and ongoing stakeholder engagement. Senators discussed ongoing and planned road projects, emphasizing the need for value for money, proper geological assessments, and efficient financing. Concerns were raised about flood‑prone roads, maintenance of murram roads, and road safety, with proposals for funding reforms and partnerships with institutions like AIIB, World Bank and the National Infrastructure Fund. Senators raised concerns over incomplete roads to Pingilikani Dispensary and transport safety, while questioning the NTSA’s new instant‑fine regulations and their lack of parliamentary scrutiny. The debate also highlighted the need for better training of motor vehicle inspectors and praised recent road development initiatives. The Speaker emphasized road safety as the central issue.

The Senate session opened with procedural matters before senators raised motions highlighting gaps in the New Education Funding model for teacher training colleges, sought extensions for consideration of sugar industry regulations, and called for a statement on water service boundary reviews in Murang’a County. Additional concerns were voiced about the environmental impact of titanium mining in Nandi County. The debate was largely formal but underscored several policy‑implementation challenges. Senators urged county governors to appear before Senate committees and be compelled, even forcefully, to account for the large sums allocated to counties, calling on the Ethics and Anti‑Corruption Commission to take immediate legal action if they refuse. The debate highlighted broader concerns about public‑service efficiency, transparency, and marginalisation, while also noting the introduction of a Health (Amendment) Bill. The debate focused on the Senate’s constitutional authority to summon governors and other officials for accountability, with the Temporary Speaker urging clearer summons wording and harsher penalties for non‑compliance. Senators highlighted gaps in the Public Finance Management Act and called for stronger legal frameworks for county public accounts committees, while also emphasizing the need for cooperative relations among senators. Procedural interruptions and language switches reflected tension but also a shared commitment to improve oversight.

Senators focused on the pervasive problem of pending county government bills, citing over Ksh 1.5 billion in Bomet and the practice of voiding validated invoices, and called for a dedicated committee to monitor and enforce payment. The debate combined criticism of county mismanagement with proposals for accountability, amid procedural interruptions and brief applause. The Senate afternoon sitting began with procedural matters before moving to several senators’ requests for statements on pressing issues, including the deteriorating infrastructure at Wilson Airport and a surge in deforestation linked to industrial use of firewood and biomass. Senators also sought clarification on pending county bills for Bungoma and expressed condolences for a colleague’s bereavement. The tone combined constructive scrutiny of policy concerns with procedural delays and expressions of sympathy. The Senate afternoon sitting focused on procedural matters and substantive debate over the Minimum Guaranteed Returns Bill and the Public Audit (Amendment) Bill. Senators highlighted challenges with county governors’ non‑cooperation with oversight committees and stressed the constitutional importance of protecting the independence of the Office of the Attorney‑General and the Auditor‑General. The tone combined constructive discussion of legislative reforms with criticism of non‑compliant officials.

Members debated an amendment to Clause 13 concerning whether pricing should be based on an average or the highest recent price, ultimately agreeing to drop the amendment and retain the existing provision. The House also discussed incentives for value‑addition in the tea sector, supporting a clause that would exempt small‑scale processors from a levy. Procedural motions to introduce and read new clauses (7A, 14A, etc.) were moved and approved. The debate focused on the valuation and disposal of Safaricom shares, with Hon. Oundo questioning the Joint Committee’s methodology and accusing it of speculation, while Hon. Ichung’wah defended the Committee’s work and called Oundo’s remarks misleading. The Speaker intervened repeatedly to manage points of order, time limits and procedural decorum. The exchange highlighted divergent views on share pricing, supply‑demand effects, and the proper conduct of parliamentary scrutiny of public asset sales. The sitting opened with Hon. Fatuma Mohammed requesting a statement on the Kenya‑DAAD partial scholarship programme and later raising an urgent land issue in Nyatike, which was noted as lacking a response. The debate then shifted to a grievance from Hon. Dorice Donya (via Hon. Irene Mayaka) about persistent raw sewage discharge, questioning NEMA’s actions and resources. Members discussed the need for broader stakeholder engagement and increased funding for NEMA to address the drainage problems.

Senators highlighted persistent non‑compliance by county governors, exemplified by the Samburu governor’s refusal to provide audit documents, and criticised procedural gaps that allow audit matters to lapse. They urged amendments to the Public Audit Act to keep audit queries alive beyond the audit cycle and to grant parliamentary committees explicit powers to sanction offenders, seeking stronger oversight and accountability. Senator Oketch Gicheru highlighted serious shortcomings in public financial management, citing wasteful spending on feasibility studies, unpaid staff and high non‑revenue water in county water service providers, and inconsistent debt figures from the Auditor‑General, Treasury and Central Bank. He argued that the proposed amendment to the Public Audit Act is needed to empower special and forensic audits, improve debt oversight and hold individual officials, including accountants, accountable. While critical of current practices, he expressed support for the Bill and urged further refinements. Senators warned that the proposed amendments to the Public Audit Act would erode the independence of the Auditor‑General, potentially undermining accountability and encouraging corruption. They praised Auditor‑General Nancy Gathungu’s work, highlighted constitutional conflicts—particularly the contentious Audit Advisory Board—and called for the bill to be rejected or heavily revised.

The debate focused on the government's proposed partial divestiture of its 20% stake in Safaricom, with the speaker highlighting the valuation methods, the premium price of Ksh34 per share, and the legal authority under the PFM Act. He argued that the upfront Ksh40.2 billion payment offers fiscal benefits and safeguards for employees and agents, while acknowledging concerns about the high valuation premium. The discussion called for approval conditioned on protections against redundancies and transparent disclosures. Members raised concerns over the fatal shooting of two officers by KDF troops in Turkana and the ongoing livestock raids, while also highlighting the dilapidated infrastructure and staffing shortages at Lodwar Boys National School and other national schools in the county. Requests were made for statements from the Defence and Education committees, and a separate motion sought clarification on retirement benefits owed to a former teacher. The debate combined expressions of grief and criticism with procedural motions for follow‑up. The debate focused on the proposed sale of Safaricom shares, with Hon. Omondi highlighting the current ownership structure and arguing that market conditions make the timing unfavourable. Members contested the interpretation of the committee’s report on the effective date of the transaction and whether dividends are due and payable at the close of the financial year, leading to procedural exchanges and brief humor. The discussion underscored concerns about investor confidence, dividend timing, and the legal semantics of the proposed deal.

Senators raised concerns about severe drought across several counties, questioning the accuracy of reported famine figures and the adequacy of cash‑transfer programmes. They called for more granular data collection at the sub‑location level and for long‑term water‑based livelihood solutions, while expressing frustration over unanswered questions and generic responses from the Cabinet Secretary. The Senate examined the rollout of the Competency-Based Education curriculum, including the reduction of subjects, parental involvement, and the dual reporting system for schools. Senator Nyutu queried whether a learner’s pathway can be determined before the Grade 9 summative exam, and the Cabinet Secretary clarified that continuous assessment and a weighting system provide early indications of a child’s strengths and preferred stream. Senators pressed the Cabinet Secretary of Education for a comprehensive audit of teacher numbers across public, private and JSS institutions and highlighted perceived neglect of marginalised counties such as Tana River and Samburu. The Minister outlined the rollout of the Kenya Education Management Information System (KEMIS) and training of head teachers to improve capitation releases, while members also raised concerns about ECDE teacher standards and morale. The exchange combined commendations for the Minister’s outreach with criticism over regional disparities and implementation challenges.

Members debated a Bill aimed at harmonising the provision of certificates and diplomas across universities and TVET institutions. While some MPs supported the move to eliminate discrimination in examinations and employer recognition, others warned that restricting institutional autonomy could limit student choice and undermine specialised training. The discussion highlighted concerns over regulatory overlap, institutional roles, and the need for careful implementation. The debate focused on a Bill that amends the education Act to restrict universities to degree and postgraduate programmes, reserving diploma and certificate courses for TVET institutions. Speakers highlighted how the change eliminates regulatory overlap, strengthens quality assurance, aligns with constitutional principles and national development goals, and includes a saving clause to protect currently enrolled students. The overall tone was supportive and constructive, emphasizing the Bill’s potential to improve efficiency and skill‑based training in Kenya. Hon. Njuguna Kawanjiku praised recent government hiring of over 100,000 teachers and highlighted the need for timely promotions, reduced pupil‑teacher ratios, and better infrastructure. He advocated consolidating bursaries to make public day secondary education truly free while raising concerns about the impact on tertiary funding and the need for sustained investment. The discussion also touched on the broader goal of equitable, affordable education across Kenya.

Senators debated the allocation of committee positions, noting a shift in leadership roles and referencing past commissioners' conduct. They also mentioned travel disruptions linked to the Middle East crisis and engaged in a brief, pointed exchange questioning a colleague's professional background. The discussion combined procedural remarks with personal criticism, giving the debate a mixed tone. The sitting began with procedural formalities and a welcome to nine Senate interns, highlighting the Parliament’s commitment to youth engagement. The debate then shifted to criticism of the deputy governor’s role in county governments, with senators urging faster passage of the County Government Laws (Amendment) Bill and a Senate inquiry into their welfare. Tensions rose briefly when a senator was ruled out of order, underscoring procedural friction. The Senate focused on several county‑level concerns, urging the passage of the County Government Laws Amendment Bill to give statutory backing to deputy governors and calling for an oversight inquiry into their welfare. Senators also sought urgent action on Nairobi's recurrent flooding and drainage failures, questioned the legality of borehole drilling in Moyale, and requested a status update on the medical insurance scheme for Bungoma County executive workers, while noting the burden of fibroids on Kenyan women. The debates combined criticism of current shortcomings with constructive calls for legislative and policy interventions.

The National Assembly debated and approved the Miscellaneous Fees and Levies (Amendment) Bill with amendments, then shifted focus to the Railway Development Levy Fund, highlighting its potential to expand both standard and light rail networks. Members praised the bill’s impact on national and regional railway infrastructure, citing plans for extensions to neighboring countries and urban light rail in Nairobi. Procedural interjections were noted but did not impede the overall supportive tone toward the railway initiatives. Hon. Fatuma Mohammed commended her committee's quorum, highlighted the need for statutory instruments and the repayment of Ksh40 million to the Commodities Fund, and praised women's contribution to parliamentary work. A point of order raised by Hon. Mark Mwenje questioned remarks about gender and quorum, leading to a brief exchange with the Temporary Speaker. Hon. Kivasu Nzioka presented the Special Funds Accounts Committee report, exposing financial irregularities in the Commodities Fund and urging the House to adopt the report for greater accountability. Members debated the Division of Revenue Bill, highlighting Treasury shortfalls, the inefficiencies of the e‑GP system and the need for realistic revenue targets. The discussion also focused on devolution, urging better use of county funds, and called for national bodies to harmonise ECDE teachers and health professionals’ welfare.

Members debated an amendment to Clause 27 to insert a provision for infrastructure projects financed under the Fund, with Hon. Duncan Mathenge introducing the change and Hon. Robert Mbui backing it. Opposition came from Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah and others, who warned the amendment could be dangerous and undermine parliamentary oversight. The temporary Chairlady steered the discussion, limiting debate and moving the amendment forward. Members debated amendments to the Infrastructure Fund Bill, focusing on introducing private‑sector professionalism, aligning board remuneration with the Salaries and Remuneration Commission, and clarifying the roles of the CEO and Administrator. While Hon. David Kiplagat argued for stronger professional standards, Hon. Robert Mbui challenged his wording, and other members such as Hon. Makali Mulu and Hon. Omboko Milemba expressed support for the proposed changes. Members debated Kenya’s mounting fiscal deficit, highlighting the unsustainable borrowing required to fund a Ksh4.7 trillion budget and urging the government to find alternative revenue sources. They also criticised the costly Constitution and the performance of the Kenya Revenue Authority, while calling for equitable infrastructure delivery, continued health and agriculture funding, and support for affordable housing and industrialisation.

The Senate addressed a procedural error in a petition notice before moving on to debate the Agriculture Produce (Minimum Guaranteed Returns) Bill, with the Temporary Speaker praising the bill’s champion, Sen. Veronica Waheti. Senators highlighted Kenya’s drought challenges, food‑security concerns and the need for guaranteed farmer returns, while also criticizing absentee county governors and calling for better fertilizer distribution. The discussion combined procedural neutrality, commendation of women’s leadership, and sharp criticism of governance shortcomings. Senators debated the steep rise in water tariffs, arguing it breaches the constitutional right to affordable water and urging stricter parliamentary oversight of delegated legislation. The session also highlighted gender‑based violence, with calls for urgent government action and recognition of KEWOSA's role, while mourning a colleague's death. Overall, the tone combined criticism of policy and executive actions with constructive appeals for reform. During the afternoon sitting, several senators raised urgent matters of national concern, seeking committee statements on the exclusion of Kenya Sign Language from KCSE grading, illegal logging and water extraction in Kirisia Forest, bandit attacks and livestock loss in Turkana, rising water service fees in Kirinyaga, and fraudulent overseas recruitment of Kenyan workers. The session also included a commemoration of International Women’s Day. The debates were largely critical, highlighting systemic challenges while calling for constructive parliamentary action.

Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah urged Parliament to expand the Railway Development Levy and create a dedicated fund to finance the extension and upgrading of Kenya’s rail network, including trams, SGR, and metre‑gauge lines. He highlighted the need for new rail links to connect key regions, support oil and agricultural exports, and address historic marginalisation, while stressing strict safeguards against administrative overspending. The speech combined a forward‑looking vision with a call for bipartisan support and disciplined fund management. Members debated the Miscellaneous Fees and Levies (Amendment) Bill, with Hon. Wandeto urging clearer regulations on securitisation and a CEO‑run fund structure, while Hon. Oundo questioned the bill’s rationale, the creation of a new rail levy board, and the lack of transparent reporting on fund utilisation. Both speakers highlighted the need for stronger governance, accountability and capacity‑building for railway projects. Members expressed strong support for the amendment to the Railway Development Levy Fund, emphasizing its potential to expand railway infrastructure across Kenya, especially in the north, and to create jobs and boost trade. They also highlighted concerns about public debt and the need for modern, possibly electric, rail systems, while noting environmental and economic benefits.

The Senate session was unable to achieve a quorum despite two attempts to ring the quorum bell, leading the Deputy Speaker to adjourn the meeting until later the same day. The procedural notes record the lack of attendance and the formal adjournment at 9:54 a.m.

Senators used the historic Kamba diaspora to Paraguay as an example of successful cultural preservation and argued that the Culture Bill should empower the Cabinet Secretary to protect and rehabilitate endangered cultures. They highlighted the Bomas of Kenya as a national melting‑pot that must retain authentic representations of all communities despite ongoing construction, and called for mechanisms to restitute illegally taken cultural artifacts. Concerns were raised about Clause 6’s allocation of roles to county governments, but overall the debate was constructive and supportive of the Bill’s objectives. Senators debated a cultural heritage bill, praising its intent to preserve and promote Kenya’s diverse cultures while urging stronger county involvement and less centralised control over benefit‑sharing and royalties. The discussion featured personal anecdotes illustrating cultural ties across regions and highlighted concerns about the bill’s clauses assigning key roles to the cabinet secretary. Overall, the Senate expressed support for the legislation with suggested amendments. The Senate afternoon sitting focused on procedural matters and a series of statements requesting committee input on infrastructure and development issues, including the upgrading of Ngandi Road, the condition of urban roads in Machakos, safety at Kisumu International Airport, and a proposed tomato processing plant in Kirinyaga. Senators highlighted concerns over neglect, security threats, and the need for coordinated action, while the Deputy Speaker managed quorum and order of business.

The debate defended the National Infrastructure Fund (NIF), linking it to the Kenya Kwanza manifesto, the Government-Owned Enterprises Act, and the President's infrastructure priorities such as energy, water, roads and the SGR extension. Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah argued that the NIF will mobilise private capital, improve efficiency of state assets, and be managed by a competitively appointed board, countering critics who claim the Bill is an afterthought or politically driven. The debate focused on the National Infrastructure Fund Bill, with Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah highlighting its mechanisms for accountability, performance contracts, competitive recruitment and safeguards against misuse. He linked the fund to broader strategic goals such as education, water resource management and infrastructure development, urging members to support it. Interjections from other MPs and the Temporary Speaker introduced a tone of procedural tension alongside the overall constructive discussion. Hon. Kuria Kimani advocated for the National Infrastructure Fund Bill, arguing it will channel proceeds from privatisations into a transparent, legally‑backed vehicle for catalytic infrastructure projects while ensuring parliamentary approval and robust governance. He criticised past debt‑laden financing and politicised board appointments, urging safeguards such as qualified board members and alignment with the Public Finance Management Act. The speaker highlighted the potential to attract billions in private capital, create jobs, and reduce fiscal pressure through blended finance and PPP mechanisms.

During the afternoon sitting on 3 March 2026, the Senate considered multiple committee reports on amendments to the Meteorology Bill, Election Offences (Amendment) Bill, Public Finance Management (Amendment) Bill, County Governments Election Laws Bill and the Cancer Prevention and Control Bill. The House approved several amendments, rejected others, and recorded motions and seconds for each report. The Senate afternoon sitting focused on procedural motions, including moving the Tobacco Control (Amendment) Bill and the County Governments Election Laws (Amendment) Bill to a third reading and confirming committee reports. The Deputy Speaker managed quorum calls and electronic voting divisions, resulting in unanimous AYES for the motions. No substantive debate or opposition was recorded. The Senate afternoon sitting on 3 March 2026 was dominated by procedural business, reporting on and moving motions to agree with committee reports for the Public Finance Management (Amendment) No 4 Bill, the Labour Migration and Management (No 2) Bill and the Tobacco Control Amendment Bill. The Deputy Speaker oversaw quorum issues, opened the chamber, and coordinated the sequencing of votes. No substantive debate or conflict was recorded, reflecting a routine legislative process.

The debate saw Hon. Wamuchomba praising President Ruto’s handling of debt and the drop in fertilizer prices, while Hon. Mukunji warned that securitisation is effectively borrowing and urged greater scrutiny of Kenya’s rising debt and fiscal deficit. The Temporary Speaker repeatedly intervened, demanding substantiation and maintaining order, reflecting procedural tension alongside substantive disagreement. Hon. Kwenya Thuku used the session to critique the Medium‑Term Debt Management Strategy, warning that debt‑to‑GDP ratios may exceed the 55 ± 5 % target, that interest payments consume 41 % of revenue, and that the approved domestic‑external borrowing mix is not being followed. Hon. Ndindi Nyoro challenged some of Thuku’s statements, prompting procedural interjections from the temporary speaker. The debate combined concern over fiscal sustainability with calls for stricter oversight and adherence to policy. Members used the floor to vehemently condemn the former Deputy President for alleged incitement and ethnic division, reiterating support for his prior impeachment and calling for the revocation of his honors. The debate also featured accusations of racial discrimination, a demand to disband the NCIC commission, and brief remarks praising a local school. Overall, the discussion was marked by strong criticism and heightened ethnic tension.

Senators expressed frustration that the Cancer Prevention and Control (Amendment) Bill, which they co‑sponsored, was not communicated to them regarding the President’s recommendation. Multiple motions were moved to delete or amend specific clauses and to seek guidance from the Table Office on procedural rules under Article 115. The debate focused on procedural handling of the bill rather than substantive policy discussion. The Senate afternoon sitting began with a quorum check and welcomed delegations from the County Assemblies of Bungoma and Kwale, with senators expressing gratitude, unity and a shared commitment to development. Subsequent proceedings included the laying of a health committee oversight report and the introduction of traffic and transport legislation. The debate was largely courteous, with brief references to party affiliations and regional cooperation. Senators used the afternoon sitting to move a series of amendments to the Bill, primarily targeting various sections of Cap 412A such as sections 24, 68, 80, 94, 109, 129 and 131. The motions focused on adjusting timelines, budget provisions and procedural details, with the temporary chairperson managing the procedural flow and noting that divisions would occur later.