Sittings

Hon. Samuel Chepkong’a advocated for constitutional entrenchment of the NG-CDF, NGAAF and Senate Oversight Fund to safeguard their role in constituency development, affirmative action and legislative oversight. He highlighted past court rulings that declared the CDF Act unconstitutional and argued that a constitutional basis would ensure stability, accountability and value for money. The speech also criticised perceived judicial overreach and contrasted the funds' efficiency with other poorly managed institutions. Members of the National Assembly voiced strong support for amending the Constitution to entrench the NG‑CDF, NGAAF and the Senate Oversight Fund, citing their tangible benefits in education, security and inclusive development. They criticized the court’s ruling that declared the NG‑CDF unconstitutional and urged protection of these funds from political interference. The debate concluded with calls for unity and continued work on the ground for Kenyans’ benefit. Members raised concerns over alleged non‑transparent recruitment by the State Department for Diaspora Affairs and the high cost of farm feeds affecting dairy farmers, while also seeking up‑to‑date data on drug abuse from NACADA. The Speaker facilitated requests for statements and the sharing of documents, highlighting procedural cooperation despite criticism of outdated information.

The Senate conducted several divisions to vote on amendments to a Bill, notably redefining the term “employment contract” for motorcycle riders. Voting was carried out by county delegations using both electronic and manual methods under the guidance of the temporary chairperson. The recorded results show broad support for the proposed clause changes. The afternoon Senate sitting was dominated by procedural motions to move multiple bills—including the Elections (Amendment) (No.2) Bill, the Political Parties (Amendment) (No.2) Bill, and the Houses of Parliament (Bicameral Relations) Bill—to their third readings. The Temporary Speaker managed divisions, quorum bells, and seat resumption, with no substantive debate recorded. The afternoon Senate sitting was largely procedural, with members laying Auditor‑General reports for numerous counties, giving notice of motions to adopt committee reports, and addressing the Mediation Committee’s version of the Conflict of Interest Bill. Key motions covered agricultural challenges such as maize disease and irrigation‑scheme graft, extensive county bursary and education fund audits, and health‑sector oversight for selected counties.

Members highlighted the plight of Kenyan women and children in Lebanon and Saudi Arabia, stressing issues of statelessness, lack of healthcare and education. They urged the formation of a joint Select Committee and the passage of a Diaspora and Migration Bill, while calling for immediate outreach to ministries and affected families during the recess. The Temporary Speaker facilitated brief statements and coordinated the discussion. The Temporary Speaker briefed the House on the Senate’s message regarding the County Allocation of Revenue Bill and the President’s memorandum, outlining the revenue shortfall and the agreed Ksh387 billion equitable share for counties. She explained the constitutional and standing order procedures for considering the Bill and urged members to expedite its passage before the recess. The session was largely procedural with no substantive opposition recorded. Members raised concerns over the severe lack of internet and telephone connectivity in Tarbaj and broader Wajir County, urging the Communications Committee to address the digital gap and set a response deadline. The debate also included a request for a statement on compensation for victims of the 1984 Wagalla Massacre, highlighting ongoing demands for justice and reparations. Procedural exchanges focused on securing timelines for committee reports and ensuring all regions receive adequate communication services.

The House confirmed quorum, reorganised the Order Paper and debated a motion to exempt several items from Standing Order 43 so that private‑members’ business could be completed before the upcoming recess. The Temporary Speaker later communicated the withdrawal of the Scrap Metal Act amendments from the Business Laws (Amendment) Bill before its consideration in the Committee of the Whole House. Brief remarks also highlighted the upcoming SGR special train and the new tartan turf for the East African Inter‑Parliamentary Games stadium. The House debated the Tax Procedures (Amendment) (No.2) Bill, focusing on raising the tax threshold from Ksh1 million to Ksh5 million to accommodate start‑ups and small‑scale entrepreneurs, with members expressing both support and criticism of previous public‑participation claims. Procedural motions were made to report and agree on the Statutory Instruments (Amendment) Bill and the Tax Procedures Bill, though the questions on both reports were deferred. The sitting concluded with an adjournment until 2.30 p.m. the same day. Members of the National Assembly debated the nomination of Mr Abdi Ahmed Mohamud as CEO of the Ethics and Anti‑Corruption Commission, emphasizing his long service within the EACC, academic qualifications and anti‑corruption experience. They urged swift approval, arguing that his internal promotion ensures continuity and effective fight against corruption, while rejecting claims of regional bias. The discussion highlighted the need for strong institutional leadership and cooperation with other agencies such as the DPP and DCI.

Senators expressed deep concern over the current state of Kenya’s education system, highlighting gaps in curriculum implementation, inadequate funding, and widespread mismanagement of bursary resources. They called for a comprehensive student census, stronger accountability mechanisms, and cited the Equity Bank "Wings to Fly" programme as a model for effective student support. The debate underscored the need for systemic reforms to ensure equitable access to quality education. Senators moved several amendment motions to various clauses of a Bill (clauses 37, 38, 39, 42, 46 and 47) and laid the County Government Equitable Share Cash Disbursement Schedule, referring it to the Finance and Budget Committee for prompt consideration. The House also introduced the Kenya Health Products and Technologies Regulatory Authority Bill for its first reading and resumed a previously interrupted debate. The proceedings were largely procedural and collaborative. Senators criticised the current capitation of Ksh 1,400 per pupil as insufficient to deliver free quality primary and secondary education and called for a realistic costing of education needs. They urged increased budget allocation, better teacher recruitment and remuneration, and adoption of internationally benchmarked curricula, while highlighting the role of diaspora‑trained professionals and the shortcomings of NG‑CDF bursary administration. The debate also noted procedural progress on the Cotton Industry Bill.

Senators raised concerns over alleged mismanagement at the University of Nairobi, urging the Committee on Education to investigate before the institution deteriorates further. The debate also touched on broader issues such as political accountability, the role of experts and social media, and the emergence of new presidential contenders, while criticizing fake religious institutions. The Senate afternoon sitting opened with quorum confirmation and the laying of the County Public Accounts Committee reports covering numerous county assemblies and executives, followed by a motion to adopt those reports. Senator Tabitha Mutinda then delivered a statement on the 16‑day global campaign against gender‑based violence, highlighting alarming Kenyan statistics and calling for urgent action. The session combined routine procedural business with a substantive focus on combating GBV. The Senate conducted a series of procedural votes on the Houses of Parliament Bicameral Relations Bill (National Assembly Bills No.44 of 2023), including divisions by county delegations and a motion to adopt the Committee of the Whole’s report with amendments. The session was largely administrative, featuring electronic voting, calls for senators to approach the chair, and the final endorsement of the committee’s recommendations.

Members debated several amendments to the Business Laws (Amendment) Bill, including the use of eCitizen data for KEBS, the removal of withholding tax on goods sold digitally, and the introduction of a Ksh 5 million turnover threshold for the significant economic presence tax on non‑residents. The discussion was largely procedural but featured both support for facilitating digital trade and concerns about tax revenue impacts. The House also moved to report the Committee’s consideration of the Bill. The session centered on proposed amendments to the VAT Act, particularly the exemption of fertiliser and related raw materials, with Hon. Muriu seeking to delete a new paragraph and introduce Clause 16A, while Hon. Kimani clarified existing exemptions and withdrew his own amendment. The Temporary Chairman intervened to enforce procedural rules, resulting in the withdrawal of several amendments and the acceptance of the new clause. The debate was largely constructive but featured procedural tension. Members debated a proposed New Clause 16A to the VAT Act that would shift VAT liability to buyers who delay payment for goods and services. While several MPs praised the amendment as a remedy for cash‑flow problems and unpaid government bills, others warned it could be abused, lead to litigation and place undue burden on public entities. The discussion highlighted tensions between easing business operations and protecting fiscal integrity.

Members debated a suite of tax amendments, including making payroll deductions for SHIF, Housing Levy and NSSF tax‑allowable, repealing the Digital Service Tax, and adjusting VAT on air tickets and excise duties on tiles, coal and alcohol. The debate highlighted public participation inputs, praised the committee’s extensive work, and raised concerns about employment effects and cost‑of‑living pressures, while also criticizing some MPs for lack of preparation. Members debated the Tax Laws (Amendment) Bill 2024, with Hon. Mugambi praising the committee’s public consultations and the bill’s aim to broaden the tax base, support the informal sector, and encourage local production while exempting digital services. Hon. Oundo acknowledged the bill’s revenue‑raising intent and some progressive measures such as post‑retirement medical scheme contributions, but warned that public participation was limited and urged careful amendment. The debate highlighted both support for expanding domestic revenue and concerns over inclusivity and potential impacts. Members debated the Tax Laws (Amendment) Bill 2024, focusing on proposals to tax interest on infrastructure bonds, adjust tariffs on imported building materials, and introduce a Significance Presence Tax for digital firms. While some MPs criticized higher taxes as harmful to the economy, others highlighted extensive public participation and argued for reforms that would lower take‑home tax burdens and ensure tax revenues are used for public benefit.

Hon. Silvanus Osoro explained Clause 4’s new tax‑abandonment provision, emphasizing Gazette publication and parliamentary scrutiny as safeguards against abuse. He also outlined Clause 5’s changes to withholding VAT, including a 10 % penalty and a shift from criminal to administrative offences to improve compliance and curb corruption. The debate balanced the benefits of relief for distressed taxpayers with concerns over potential misuse of the new powers. Members debated the Tax Procedures (Amendment) Bill, emphasizing its aim to harmonise tax rules, simplify compliance for Kenyans working abroad, and extend tax amnesty. They highlighted extensive public consultation, clarified procedural ambiguities, and argued the bill will benefit both taxpayers and the Kenya Revenue Authority, urging its passage. Members debated the Tax Procedures (Amendment) Bill, focusing on extending the tax amnesty, introducing a 10% penalty for withholding agents, and standardising electronic tax invoices. Concerns were raised about delayed government payments affecting VAT compliance and the need for clear rules for remote workers’ PINs, while emphasizing the importance of public participation and simplification of tax processes.

Sen. Cherarkey praised the recent decline in inflation and cost of living, attributing it to the Central Bank’s role and President Ruto’s macro‑economic policies, while urging the bank to strengthen monetary policy, anti‑money‑laundering measures and deposit protection. He also called for higher capital requirements for banks, better regulation of micro‑credit firms, and attention to cryptocurrency and technology to restore public confidence in the financial system. Senators raised concerns about public distrust in the banking system, calling for stronger deposit protection and tighter regulation of micro‑credit firms, while also commending recent improvements in debt‑to‑GDP ratios, foreign‑exchange reserves and the Central Bank’s monetary policy. They highlighted the need for robust oversight of cryptocurrency and praised Kenya’s pioneering mobile‑money platform, M‑Pesa, as a model for digital finance. The debate combined criticism of past banking failures with optimism about ongoing reforms and technological advances. Senators raised several pressing issues, including the need for Kenya‑Somalia bilateral talks to open the Somali market for miraa farmers, the regulation of recruitment agencies and the establishment of diaspora job sanctuaries, and the chronic delays in teachers’ pension payments. They also questioned alleged logging in the Masai Mara, calling for realistic re‑forestation and carbon‑offset measures. The debate combined constructive proposals with criticism of existing delays and inefficiencies.

Members debated amendments to the Auditor‑General Bill aimed at preserving its constitutional status, tightening professional qualifications, and expanding its mandate to assess value for money in public spending. The discussion highlighted the need for independence, clarified the role of the Audit Advisory Board, and adjusted the recruitment process for a Deputy Auditor‑General, while featuring pointed remarks contrasting accountants and lawyers. Speakers urged broad support to align the law with the court’s earlier ruling. Members debated amendments to the National Co‑operatives Bill aimed at curbing fraudulent registrations and improving governance, granting the commissioner clearer authority to investigate duplicate societies. Several technical changes were moved—including wording on corporate bodies, AGM ratification, membership discrimination, and data‑protection compliance—and were largely agreed upon. The tone was constructive but featured occasional tension over procedural handling. The debate focused on the Public Audit (Amendment) Bill 2024, with Hon. Oundo (ODM) highlighting perceived redundancies and potential conflicts in clauses concerning the Auditor‑General’s office, term notifications, and deputy appointments, while urging careful review before the Committee of the Whole House. Hon. Kimani (UDA) expressed support for the Bill’s importance in aligning with court rulings and the Constitution and called for further enrichment of the legislation. The House proceeded to move the Bill to the Committee stage.

The Deputy Speaker confirmed quorum and reordered the agenda before Hon. Makali Mulu moved the Parliamentary Pensions (Amendment) Bill for a second reading. Mulu explained that the bill updates the Pensions Act to reflect constitutional changes, revises definitions such as the age of a child, and introduces a choice for MPs between gratuity and pension upon re‑election. Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah defended the Parliamentary Pensions (Amendment) Bill, emphasizing that the scheme is fully contributory and not funded by public coffers, and warned against media misrepresentation. He urged that the scheme be administered by the Parliamentary Service Commission rather than the Treasury and highlighted the importance of adequate retirement benefits for elderly, widowed, and young parliamentarians. The speech combined constructive advocacy for the bill with criticism of external perceptions and executive handling of pensions. Members debated a Bill to harmonise parliamentary pensions with the Constitution and broader social protection policies, emphasizing that it adds no new public spending but seeks to safeguard retirees, including gender‑neutral benefits for spouses and widowers. Hon. Nyikal highlighted structural updates for the bicameral Parliament and the need for equitable definitions, while Hon. Chepkonga requested shorter speaking slots to allow broader participation. The overall tone was constructive but raised concerns about inclusivity and procedural efficiency.

Members debated amendments to the Public Finance Management (Amendment) (No.4) Bill, notably extending the Budget Policy Statement review period from 14 to 21 days and lengthening the deadline for county fiscal strategy papers. They clarified why two separate amendment bills exist and sought procedural clarity before voting. The Temporary Chairlady managed motions and maintained order throughout the discussion. Members debated amendments to a procurement bill aimed at clarifying thresholds and curbing unfair competition from foreign firms, notably setting a Ksh 1 billion limit. The debate was largely supportive, with calls to ensure only able, capable and competent local firms compete and to improve vetting of foreign contractors. Members first addressed the Public Procurement and Assets Disposal (Amendment) Bill, with the Temporary Speaker noting procedural delays and postponing the question to a later session. The debate then shifted to the Higher Education Loans Board Bill amendment, where MPs highlighted the discriminatory 18‑year age cap, argued for younger students’ access to loans, and called for administrative reforms to improve financing for education. Overall, the discussion was constructive but marked by procedural frustrations.

The Deputy Speaker moved the Startup Bill, outlining a six‑part framework to register, incubate and incentivise start‑ups, aiming to boost youth employment, innovation and economic growth. The speech highlighted Kenya’s strong tech ecosystem, the lack of a regulatory framework, and cited comparable startup legislation in Tunisia and Senegal, while noting procedural delays and the need for House Business Committee action. Members praised Hon. Irene Mayaka and Senator Crystal Asige for introducing the Start‑up Bill, highlighting it as a progressive piece of legislation that will foster innovation, entrepreneurship and private‑public collaboration in Kenya. The debate emphasized the Bill’s provisions for fiscal and non‑fiscal incentives, support for marginalized groups, and clear eligibility criteria for start‑ups, while urging government agencies to implement the framework. Overall, the speakers expressed strong support and optimism for the Bill’s potential impact on youth‑led enterprises. The debate focused on the Start‑Up Bill, with Hon. Ibrahim Saney praising its provisions for tax incentives, credit guarantees, mentorship and a research fund to nurture Kenyan innovators, especially youth and those in remote areas. A brief exchange arose over the use of the term “illiterate” when describing a skilled technician, which was clarified by the Temporary Speaker, and the session was later adjourned due to a lack of quorum.

Hon. Kassim Tandaza raised concerns about overlapping mandates and insufficient funding for the Gender and Equality Commission, urging a restructuring of responsibilities. Hon. Charles Nguna and other members praised the nominees, called for greater public awareness and adequate resources to tackle gender‑based violence and inclusion. The House ultimately deferred the motion for further consideration. Members debated the gender-balanced appointments to commissions, with Hon. Majimbo Kalasinga condemning the lack of women from his constituency and calling for regional and ethnic balance. Hon. Peter Kaluma raised a point of order, citing constitutional requirements for cumulative regional representation, while the Temporary Speaker managed procedural interruptions. The exchange highlighted tensions between gender equity goals and perceived regional inequities. Members praised Hon. Rehema Jaldesa’s nomination as Chair of the National Gender and Equality Commission and highlighted her experience, while repeatedly stressing the chronic under‑funding that hampers the Commission’s effectiveness. The debate also addressed the broader issue of gender‑based violence, calling for stronger community policing and societal change to curb femicide. Speakers called for greater resources and concrete action to achieve gender equity, including the two‑thirds rule and support for all vulnerable groups.

The afternoon sitting opened with routine procedural business, including the tabling of the Public Relations and Communication Management Bill and an update on public participation for the Tax Laws (Amendment) Bill, followed by a welcome to a Ugandan parliamentary delegation on a benchmarking visit. The focal point was Hon. Gladys Boss’s general statement on the UN Women report, highlighting alarming gender‑based violence and femicide statistics in Kenya and urging comprehensive legal, social and cultural reforms. The debate blended standard parliamentary proceedings with a serious, urgent call to address violence against women. Members debated the Public Finance Management (Amendment) (No. 3) Bill, which seeks to operationalise Article 187 of the Constitution by providing a legal framework for transferring functions and resources between national and county governments. While the motion was broadly supported as a necessary safeguard, concerns were raised about the clarity of transfer periods and the potential for political misuse, citing the Nairobi Metropolitan Services episode. Members debated the Public Finance Management (Amendment) (No. 4) Bill, highlighting its role in improving inter‑governmental asset transfers and introducing accrual accounting to enhance transparency. The discussion emphasized setting a debt‑to‑GDP ceiling of 55 % (with a 5 % buffer) and a five‑year transition period, while also containing some critical remarks about past officials. Overall, the House expressed strong support for the bill’s reforms despite occasional negative commentary.

Hon. Martha Wangari highlighted the alarming rise in gender‑based violence, condemning inadequate government response, lack of DNA testing facilities, lenient bail practices and ineffective gender desks in police stations, urging stronger judicial and economic interventions. Hon. (Dr) John Mutunga then reflected on the President’s address, questioning Kenya’s adherence to constitutional values, national unity, devolution outcomes and equitable resource distribution. Both speakers called for concrete actions to translate policy into tangible benefits for citizens. Hon. George Murugara praised the President's address, highlighting improvements in the judiciary, economy, agriculture and the rollout of Universal Health Care, while also noting challenges such as abductions, extrajudicial killings, taxation concerns and corruption. Hon. Beatrice Elachi echoed the positive outlook but called for action on food security, health insurance registration, and urgent measures against gender‑based violence. The debate combined commendation of progress with calls for stronger enforcement and accountability. Members of the National Assembly praised the President’s State of the Nation Address, highlighting decisions such as cancelling the Adani deal, hiring 20,000 junior secondary teachers, and launching affordable housing and sports academies. At the same time, they raised concerns about implementation, the need for transparent data on diaspora employment, challenges in the sugar sector, lingering corruption and cost‑of‑living issues, and called for better monitoring of promised programmes.

Members raised urgent security concerns in the Chesegon area, noting abandoned homes and unused renovated schools due to ongoing violence. The House then proceeded to procedural matters before adopting the Mediation Committee Report on the Division of Revenue (Amendment) Bill, highlighting the collaborative yet heated negotiations to align revenue allocations with constitutional requirements. The motion sought approval of the mediated revenue figures and emphasized the need for a two‑thirds majority to finalize the County Allocation of Revenue Act. The Speaker confirmed quorum and set out the afternoon agenda, including debate on the President’s Address, the appointment of a PSC member, the Kenya Revenue Authority (Amendment) No.2 Bill and the Coffee Bill in Committee of the Whole House. He criticised several members for neglecting the coffee sector debate and urged greater participation, while members proceeded to lay various departmental committee reports on health, labour, finance and other matters. Members praised the President's recent initiatives on affordable housing, the cancellation of controversial contracts, and commitments to gender equality and anti‑corruption reforms, while also urging concrete action on corruption, extrajudicial killings, and regional development for pastoralist communities. The debate reflected both support for the government's direction and calls for stronger implementation of promised measures.

Senators debated the President’s address, humorously correcting a point of order about a standing ovation, and then shifted to a critique of Kenya’s political focus on poverty rather than prosperity. They urged a paradigm shift toward national development, highlighting the need to prioritize key infrastructure corridors such as the Mombasa‑Nairobi and Nairobi‑Malaba roads, and called for politics that transcend tribal interests. Senator Wamatinga highlighted the shortcomings of the SHIF scheme, urging legislative fixes and broader access to affordable health services, especially for remote communities. He called for a united stance against corruption, advocated public‑private partnerships for projects like the High Grand Falls Dam, and stressed the need for equitable education and economic relief for all Kenyans. Senators raised alarm over human rights violations, including extrajudicial killings of Gen Z protesters and the unlawful deportation of Turkish nationals, demanding accountability and adherence to international obligations. At the same time, they praised the President’s recent address for tackling femicide, establishing GBV desks at the grassroots, cancelling the Adani deal, expanding teacher recruitment, reducing fertilizer costs, and advancing universal health care, highlighting both criticism and commendation within the debate.

The sitting began with the Speaker confirming quorum and forwarding a nomination for the Ethics and Anti‑Corruption Commission CEO to the Justice and Legal Affairs Committee for expedited approval. Members then laid the Energy Committee’s report on reducing electricity costs and moved a comprehensive motion to lift the moratorium on new power purchase agreements, subject to conditions on storage, tariff approval, local currency contracts, and auction‑based procurement. The debate was largely procedural and focused on advancing these legislative items. Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah praised the government’s Taifa Care health scheme, affordable housing programme and job‑creating initiatives such as the Hustler Fund and overseas employment opportunities. He highlighted the sharp drop in inflation, the revival of the sugar industry and increased agricultural production, while also urging a clear distinction between lawful arrests and abductions and commending security agencies for swift action. Hon. Junet Mohamed highlighted the need for improved airport infrastructure through transparent public‑private partnerships, while urging greater awareness of the new health financing scheme (SHA) and broader inclusion in the Conflict of Interest Bill. He also called for urgent action on gender‑based violence and stressed the constitutional right to peaceful demonstrations, emphasizing balanced security responses.

Members largely praised the President’s State of the Nation Address, highlighting progress in coffee development, health insurance reforms, and the revival of Sony Sugar. At the same time, they raised concerns about youth unemployment, security threats to women, high licensing barriers for investors, and the need for better education infrastructure and mining regulation. The debate featured Hon. Fatuma Mohammed urging leaders to guide the President, Hon. Julius Mawathe criticizing the Adani deal, health insurance, education funding, unemployment, high electricity costs and the business environment, and Hon. Zamzam Mohammed praising the President for youth employment, Taifa Care, food security, curriculum reforms and increased sugar production. The exchange highlighted starkly different assessments of the government’s performance across economic, health, education and agricultural sectors. Several UDA MPs used the sitting to commend President William Ruto’s recent initiatives, defending him against what they described as misleading media narratives. They highlighted policies such as public‑private partnerships, fertilizer subsidies that lowered maize prices, the Social Health Authority’s reduced premiums, increased teacher recruitment, a stronger shilling and airport expansion. The overall tone was supportive and optimistic about the government’s direction.

The Senate and National Assembly speakers formally convened a joint special sitting to receive the President’s constitutional address, outlining progress on national values, governance, and international obligations. President William Ruto highlighted rapid socio‑economic change, citizen empowerment, and Kenya’s readiness to host the 14th East African Community Inter‑Parliamentary Games. The debate was largely procedural and forward‑looking, with an optimistic tone toward national transformation. President William Ruto addressed citizens' concerns about high living costs, unemployment and education while outlining the government's response to economic challenges. He highlighted macro‑economic improvements such as a stronger shilling and lower inflation, and cited sectoral gains in sugar, coffee and dairy production. The speech combined acknowledgment of ongoing hardships with optimism about the country’s turnaround. President William Ruto highlighted the government’s progress in three priority areas: the recruitment of 56,000 teachers to strengthen education, the launch of universal health coverage through the Social Health Insurance Act and the new Taifa Care system, and the rollout of the Affordable Housing Programme with the sale of 4,888 new units and the creation of 164,000 jobs. He urged Kenyans to register for the health scheme and to apply for housing, emphasizing transparency, equity and the broader economic boost from these initiatives.

President William Ruto responded to public concerns about hardship, unemployment, education and governance, outlining the severe fiscal and external shocks Kenya faced since 2022. He then highlighted recent macro‑economic gains – a stronger shilling, sharply lower inflation, record foreign‑exchange reserves, robust growth and expanded tax revenues – and detailed ongoing interventions such as subsidised fertilizer distribution to boost food security. While celebrating progress, he acknowledged that many Kenyans still struggle to meet basic needs. President William Ruto thanked women leaders, outlined plans for digitising health and tax services to curb fraud, and announced the cancellation of the JKIA expansion procurement over corruption concerns. He emphasized national unity, the formation of a broad‑based cabinet, and the need for patience in economic transformation, while urging institutions to act decisively against corruption. The session concluded with adjournments and a call for a reception. President Ruto outlined significant progress in the Affordable Housing Programme, announcing the launch of 4,888 new units and highlighting its role in job creation and the broader Bottom‑Up Economic Transformation Agenda. He reaffirmed Kenya’s commitment to democratic freedoms, the right to peaceful protest, and warned against criminal unrest, while also addressing concerns over alleged disappearances and condemning any illegal arrests by security forces. The remarks combined optimism about development initiatives with caution on security and civil liberties issues.

Members raised concerns that extra levies and high uniform costs are forcing students to drop out, urging the government to stop unlawful charges. The Cabinet Secretary outlined the draft Kenya School Meals Policy, its thematic areas, implementation mechanisms, digital tracking via NEMIS, and current coverage, while noting the absence of a framework for alternative basic education institutions. The exchange combined criticism with detailed policy explanations, reflecting a mixed tone. The afternoon sitting began with procedural disputes before the Cabinet Secretary for Agriculture and Livestock Development was called to answer questions on the use of highly hazardous pesticides in Kenya. Members highlighted previous unanswered concerns and the prevalence of banned chemicals, while the minister detailed actions taken—including new pest‑control regulations, product analyses, increased funding for the Pest Control Products Board, and steps toward a new Pest Control Products Bill. Members questioned the Cabinet Secretary for Education on the readiness of 16,000 classrooms and the construction of laboratories, and clarified that universities are only technically insolvent. The House then welcomed a delegation from China’s National People’s Congress, with several members praising the bilateral relationship. The session concluded with procedural instructions to return to questions.

Hon. Esther Passaris urged a comprehensive overhaul of Kenya’s education bursary system to deliver truly free basic and secondary education, citing the inadequacy of current schemes, the need for full funding of books, uniforms and facilities, and the social benefits of keeping children in school. She referenced the successful rollout of free primary education in 2003 and called on the Ministry of Education and MPs to allocate sufficient resources, including using NG‑CDF funds to build classrooms. The debate also touched on community health promoters and procedural remarks from the Temporary Speaker. The session focused on procedural business, including the third reading and passage of the Community Health Workers Bill. Members raised a request for a statement on alleged livestock killings by security officers in West Pokot, prompting a promise of a response within two weeks, and also sought clarification on the management of Uhuru Gardens. The debate remained largely orderly with limited confrontation. Members discussed an amendment to regulate eucalyptus planting, emphasizing its adverse effects on water resources, soil health and food security, while supporting its commercial benefits if properly managed. Hon. Charles Nguna, Hon. Clive Gisairo and Hon. Bady Twalib called for clear guidelines, county enforcement and alternative energy sources, urging swift implementation. The Temporary Speaker facilitated the debate and addressed procedural matters.

Senators debated a bill that would regulate public fundraising (harambee) by requiring permits and imposing heavy fines, arguing it would cripple community support for education and health services. Opponents highlighted practical obstacles, the risk of excluding vulnerable families, and widespread misinformation, while noting strong religious and community backlash. The Temporary Speaker noted limited support for the legislation. Sen. Mungatana highlighted the financial hardships faced by former MCAs and other public office holders after leaving office, arguing for a dedicated retirement savings scheme similar to those for MPs, Senators and Presidents. He warned that without robust safeguards, the proposed fund could be vulnerable to mismanagement and corruption, and called on MCAs and umbrella bodies to review and tighten the legislation. The debate combined criticism of existing gaps with constructive proposals for better pension planning and fund oversight. The debate focused on introducing a contributory pension scheme for County Assembly members, with the Temporary Speaker outlining the Bill's structure across five parts and emphasizing its role in providing financial security after retirement. She addressed potential media criticism, clarified that the scheme is not a drain on public funds, and urged fellow Senators to support the legislation. The discussion also highlighted the need for qualified trustees and proper governance of the fund.

The debate focused on the chronic squatter problem in Kilifi County, with the Cabinet Secretary outlining land settlement schemes, funding constraints and legal challenges around land transfer. Senators raised concerns about alleged corruption in the Kilifi Land Control Board and broader issues of land titling, compensation, and disputed administrative boundaries between counties. Procedural interruptions highlighted the tension between seeking solutions and managing political sensitivities. Senators raised long‑standing land ownership disputes along the Tharaka Nithi–Meru county boundary, seeking a status update on title adjudication for several locations. The Cabinet Secretary explained that the process is delayed because the administrative boundary remains contested and emphasized the need for political and community dialogue before titles can be issued. Senators Olekina and Asige questioned the Cabinet Secretary on land identification for the planned 1,320 houses in Narok County and on the incorporation of universal design principles for persons with disabilities in the new housing projects. The Cabinet Secretary responded that land is being identified with county leaders, that higher‑rise units will include lifts and accessible amenities, and that allocation will follow legal quotas to ensure affordability and non‑discrimination for vulnerable groups.

Members debated remarks that implied women MPs were being objectified during a trip to Mombasa for the East African Inter‑Parliamentary Games. Several MPs condemned the comments, demanded apologies and stressed that the visit was solely for sports, not personal misconduct. The Temporary Speaker maintained order while various members voiced concerns about gender respect and parliamentary decorum. The session was dominated by a procedural clash between the Temporary Speaker and Hon. Bady Twalib, who faced repeated orders to apologise for remarks that implied improper motives among MPs. After a series of admonishments, Twalib offered an apology and shifted focus to welcoming delegates to Mombasa, emphasizing cooperation, constitutional authority, and economic development. The exchange highlighted tensions over parliamentary decorum and the political handling of a regional initiative. Members highlighted the alarming number of disappearances since 2014 and urged the establishment of a commission of inquiry to investigate and provide closure for affected families. Others praised recent security successes, called for evidence‑based discussion of missing‑person cases, and cautioned against politicising the issue, leading to a heated exchange over accusations of opposition politics. The debate combined constructive proposals with partisan tension.

The Senate afternoon sitting was largely procedural, covering voting sessions, addressing a technical glitch, and reading multiple orders. Senators moved motions for the Committee of the Whole to report on four bills: the Meteorology Bill, the National Construction Authority (Amendment) Bill, the Cancer Prevention and Control (Amendment) Bill, and the Election Offences (Amendment) Bill. The Senate afternoon sitting was largely procedural, with members moving and seconding motions to report on Committee of the Whole considerations and to advance several bills to a third reading. Bills discussed included the Meteorology Bill, the National Construction Authority Amendment, and the Cancer Prevention and Control Amendment, alongside a motion on the Election Offences Amendment. The Senate afternoon sitting focused on the Public Transport (Motorcycle Regulation) Bill, with Senator Veronica Maina moving multiple amendment proposals, most of which were dropped due to the mover’s absence. Procedural business also included a motion to report progress on the Houses of Parliament (Bicameral Relations) Bill and to reconvene the Committee of the Whole.

Senator Cheruiyot highlighted the Senate's recruitment and affirmative‑action policies while critiquing the high public‑debt burden and the soaring government wage bill, urging stronger parliamentary oversight of fiscal management. He also called for regulation of harambees and political fundraising to curb money‑in‑politics and improve transparency. The remarks combined constructive proposals with pointed criticism of executive performance. Senators debated the proposed fundraising (harambee) Bill, arguing that the 14‑day permit period – potentially extended to 24 days – and a national register of appeals are impractical and would overburden the Cabinet Secretary. They suggested that local structures such as Nyumba Kumi and existing agencies like the Social Health Authority should handle oversight, and questioned whether the Bill truly addresses issues like money laundering or audit delays. Senators discussed the proposed Bill’s regulation of fundraising, funeral costs and related licences, expressing concern over how it would affect grieving families, especially minors and vulnerable groups. They highlighted cultural practices around funerals, the need for free education, and the broader social impact, urging substantial amendments to avoid penalising the majority. The debate combined empathy for personal losses with criticism of the Bill’s potential unintended consequences.

Members raised concerns about the low utilisation and inefficiencies of state‑owned sugar mills and requested a statement on the government’s rehabilitation plan for Sony and other sugar companies. The Speaker set a two‑week deadline for the response and moved on to other business, after which the Committee on Justice and Legal Affairs gave a detailed update on prison service reforms, including promotions, housing provision and salary harmonisation following the Maraga Taskforce recommendations. Members debated an amendment to Clause 7 of a coffee‑farmers Bill, arguing that the proposed language on large‑scale farmers and co‑operative societies was undefined and could create confusion. While several members urged retaining the original wording to protect both small‑ and large‑scale growers, a brief consultation led to the withdrawal of the amendment and a shift to consider changes in Clause 8. The discussion highlighted tensions between ensuring inclusive representation and maintaining legislative clarity. Members debated the definition of management for the Coffee Board, urging inclusion of experienced farmers and agreeing to recommit clause 8 to reflect this. The House also considered an amendment to clause 11 to replace the specific reference to the Kenya Bureau of Standards with a generic body mandated by national legislation, reflecting concerns about future regulatory changes. Procedural motions were passed with general consensus.

Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah praised the new Cooperative Bill for giving effect to Article 186 of the Constitution and establishing clear legal frameworks, registration procedures, and oversight bodies for cooperatives at national and county levels. He highlighted pervasive fraud, mismanagement and naming abuses that have plagued cooperatives and SACCOs, arguing that the Bill’s stricter regulations will protect members and restore confidence. The speech combined commendation of the Bill’s intent with criticism of existing abuses in the cooperative sector. The Speaker responded to Hon. Wakili Muriu’s question on the proposed JKIA concession with Adani Holdings, confirming that a court‑issued conservatory order has halted negotiations and any agreement. He outlined the extensive stakeholder engagement undertaken and asserted full compliance with constitutional and PPP legal requirements, noting that relevant information has been disclosed. The exchange was procedural and focused on clarifying the status of the project amid legal suspension. Hon. Oundo championed the Cooperatives Bill, emphasizing the sector’s historic importance and the need to update the 1997 Act, while expressing disappointment with a Supreme Court ruling that downplays mandatory public participation. The debate highlighted governance challenges, registration, remittance delays, and supervision of cooperatives, prompting calls for a dedicated public participation law. The Temporary Speaker and Hon. Kipchumba underscored the need for clarity and procedural safeguards.

The member proposes amending the Environmental Management and Coordination Act to prohibit planting eucalyptus near rivers, lakes and wetlands, citing its high water consumption and contribution to river drying across many counties. He references international bans, suggests bamboo as an eco‑friendly alternative, and highlights community outreach efforts to raise awareness and support the legislation. Members debated an amendment bill aimed at restricting the planting of exotic trees such as blue gum and eucalyptus in riverbank and riparian zones to protect water catchments. While Hon. Gideon Ochanda highlighted the need for scientific background checks and warned of potential economic disruption for farmers, Hon. Umulkher Harun supported the bill, emphasizing environmental and livestock health benefits and assuring no impact on tea growers. The discussion underscored the tension between environmental protection and livelihood considerations. The session began with procedural matters before focusing on a tragic botched cosmetic surgery that resulted in a death, prompting calls for a statement from the Health Committee chair and a request for a vetted list of qualified cosmetic surgeons. Members highlighted the need for stricter accreditation of clinics and accountability of the KMPDC, while also addressing a separate request on the renewal of the KEBS Standardisation Mark of Quality and a motion to shorten bill publication periods. The debate combined concern over public safety with routine parliamentary business.

Senators voiced strong frustration that the Cabinet Secretaries for Health and Tourism & Wildlife failed to appear before the Senate as scheduled, describing the absences as contempt and a damaging trend. They called for censure motions and debated whether to continue Wednesday morning sessions without executive participation, urging higher‑level accountability. The debate highlighted concerns over governance, accountability, and the impact on constituents. Senators voiced strong frustration that several Cabinet Secretaries failed to appear for scheduled Senate questioning, labeling their excuses as flimsy and disrespectful. They urged that the officials be censured and reminded that accountability to the House must outweigh other engagements, such as wildlife monitoring events. The debate highlighted the Senate’s role in overseeing executive conduct and protecting citizens’ interests. Senators expressed frustration with the frequent non‑appearance of Cabinet Secretaries, particularly from the Health Ministry, and called for stronger coordination between the Senate and the Executive. They urged timely responses to parliamentary questions, better scheduling, and a more collaborative approach to serve Kenyan citizens. The debate combined criticism with constructive suggestions for improving accountability and legislative‑executive interaction.

The Senate debated procedural shortcomings such as late submission of audit documents and high non‑revenue water, recommending stricter filing deadlines and the adoption of smart‑metering and GIS solutions. A large portion of the sitting focused on detailed amendments to the Elections Act, covering polling‑station designation, electronic result transmission, procurement of election technology, and reforms to recall and dispute mechanisms. Members also called for an independent post‑election evaluation to improve the electoral process. Sen. (Dr.) Khalwale voiced strong support for the Elections (Amendment) Bill while urging procedural tweaks, faster result tabulation and regular review of election laws. He criticised fellow senators for questioning election costs and condemned party‑leader‑controlled nominations, calling for internal party voting, especially for women and persons with disabilities. The debate also touched on counting timelines, corruption risks, and the need for clearer polling‑station procedures. Sen. Cheruiyot presented a series of amendments to the Elections Bill intended to boost transparency and efficiency, such as mandating the IEBC to publish polling stations three months before elections, requiring electronic transmission and live‑streaming of results, and creating an independent firm to evaluate each election. He also called for the repeal of unconstitutional recall provisions and revised court appeal rules to streamline dispute resolution, emphasizing the need to restore public trust in the electoral process.

Senators advocated for a Bill that would grant county assemblies financial independence, arguing it would resolve longstanding conflicts with county executives and improve oversight. They highlighted current issues such as delayed fund releases, resource diversions, and the need for a dedicated County Assembly Fund at the Central Bank, while urging collaboration with the National Assembly to ensure smooth passage. The discussion framed the reform as aligned with broader government efforts to separate powers and strengthen devolved institutions. Sen. Omogeni praised a Nyamira woman elected in Minnesota and urged greater representation for Nyamira in national appointments, while condemning recent violence and governor‑MCA tensions in the county. He advocated for a Bill granting financial independence to county assemblies to improve oversight and deliver basic services, and called for inclusive appointments to constitutional bodies. Senators urged the introduction of a Ward Fund to empower MCAs and highlighted the need for the County Public Finance Laws Amendment Bill to correct design flaws in county financial management. They criticised the current Public Finance Management Act for undermining devolution, citing mis‑procurement and centralised control by governors, and called for autonomous county institutions and bipartisan support from both Houses. The debate combined constructive proposals with sharp criticism of existing legislation and implementation gaps.

Members debated the shortcomings of the Sustainable Health Insurance Fund (SHIF), highlighting inadequate funding, flawed means‑testing, and corruption allegations within NHIF. While criticism was strong, speakers also urged better public education, improved registration processes, and more transparent use of the Primary Care and Emergency Funds. The discussion reflected both frustration with current implementation and calls for constructive reforms. Members mourned the death of a young girl, Diana, after alleged negligence at Longisa County Referral Hospital and demanded investigations and reforms to uphold constitutional health rights. Hon. Musa Sirma announced the release of Ksh5.7 billion from the NG‑CDF and urged timely audits and school infrastructure projects. Hon. Kenneth Tungule sought a pending statement on escalating human‑wildlife conflict in Ganze, calling for urgent government intervention. The sitting focused on procedural amendments to the National Employment Authority Act and several sections of the Energy Act, with members seeking clarification on crude oil regulation and supporting specific changes. Debate intensified around the proposed increase in EPRA's electricity levy, with MPs highlighting the burden on households and its broader impact on living costs and investment. While some members endorsed the amendments, others voiced strong opposition to the levy hike, reflecting divergent views on energy policy.

Members highlighted persistent harassment of Kenyan fishermen by Ugandan forces on Lake Victoria, stressing the economic hardship and unclear lake boundaries. They praised some diplomatic steps and called for regular joint meetings, policing reforms, and decisive action by the Defence, Intelligence and Foreign Relations Committee. The debate combined frustration over unresolved incidents with constructive suggestions for regional cooperation. Members voiced frustration that the afternoon sitting had not progressed to substantive business, prompting a push to move on to the Kenya Roads Board (Amendment) Bill. The debate then focused on reducing the board’s size to comply with the Mwongozo Code of Governance and updating terminology to align with the Constitution. Procedural remarks and a welcome to visiting students were interspersed throughout the discussion. Members expressed strong support for the National Rating Bill, applauding the creation of the Office of the Chief Government Valuer and the inclusion of county assemblies and the Council of Governors in the valuation process. However, concerns were raised about the legal status of the Council of Governors and the extent of national legislation over county matters. The debate highlighted the need for clear structures to improve land valuation services and reduce disputes at the county level.

Members debated the amendment of Clause 79 concerning inspection of health products and animals at ports of entry, emphasizing the need for pre‑clearance inspections at the point of origin. The discussion focused on appropriate penalties for violations, with proposals ranging from Ksh2 million to Ksh5 million and varying imprisonment terms. While there was consensus on tightening controls, opinions differed on the severity of sanctions. Members debated the Traditional Herbal Medicine Bill, with Hon. Kaluma withdrawing his amendments and highlighting personal experience with herbal remedies, while others debated whether such practices should be termed ‘herbal’ or ‘traditional’ medicine. The House also considered amendments to Clause 60 to establish a National Quality Control Laboratory, discussing the removal of a master’s degree requirement for pharmacists and the financing model for the new authority. Overall, the discussion was collegial but featured differing views on terminology and funding mechanisms. Members debated a motion to establish a national science museum, emphasizing its role in promoting STEM education, preserving scientific research, and showcasing Kenya’s ICT and medical innovations. Several MPs voiced strong support, linking the museum to broader initiatives like Konza Technopolis and the need for discovery centres, while the Temporary Speaker managed procedural scheduling.

The debate focused on the Land Control Amendment Bill, with Hon. Kuria praising the inclusion of private‑sector members on constituency land boards and the new powers to investigate land fraud and protect public‑utility land. He also highlighted the need to digitise title deeds, noting long‑standing delays and procedural absenteeism that have hampered progress. Overall, the discussion was constructive about the bill’s provisions but critical of past implementation failures. Hon. Wanami Wamboka moved a motion to adopt the Public Investments Committee report, condemning stalled university construction projects, costly consultancies and severe under‑staffing in TVET institutions. He urged the Treasury, Ministry of Education and oversight bodies to enforce stricter project approval, equity and staffing policies, while the Temporary Speaker deferred the question for a later date. The afternoon sitting focused on procedural motions to amend several clauses of a Bill, with members proposing deletions, substitutions, and renumbering to align terminology with health product standards and WHO recommendations. A brief dispute arose when Hon. Francis Sigei attempted to raise a tea issue but was ruled out of order, prompting a light‑hearted response. The Temporary Speaker and Chairman managed the amendment process and ensured proper drafting.