Sittings

Members debated the Pyrethrum (Repeal) Bill, with the mover and supporters expressing approval and procedural motions being deferred. The discussion then shifted to the Tea (Amendment) Bill, where the mover highlighted its objectives to improve transparency, growers' earnings, and value addition, citing extensive stakeholder consultation. Overall, the tone was constructive, with limited conflict and a focus on advancing legislation. Members highlighted the declining performance of Kenya's tea sector and urged reforms to improve farmer incomes, including quarterly bonuses and faster payment after auction. The debate supported the Tea Amendment Bill’s provisions on direct sales, value‑addition incentives, and restructuring of the industry board, while also criticizing high production costs, outdated equipment and poor management. Overall, the speakers expressed constructive support tempered by concerns over implementation challenges. Members moved to annul a set of regulations that were submitted to Parliament beyond the seven‑day deadline required by the Statutory Instruments Act, arguing that the breach renders them invalid. The debate highlighted concerns over executive overreach, especially the use of circulars with the force of law, and called for stronger enforcement and possible sanctions against agencies that miss statutory timelines.

Senators raised concerns over the opaque proposed sale of a large land parcel in Kwale County, urging greater transparency to protect resident livelihoods. A separate statement highlighted the government’s new mandatory food‑labelling rules aimed at curbing obesity and diet‑related diseases. The session also included a solemn tribute to the late Raila Odinga, reflecting on his contributions to national unity and development. Senators questioned why the National Assembly applied a uniform cut to county allocations despite differing needs, demanding an explanation for the rationale. They raised concerns about stalled county projects due to e‑procurement failures and criticised delays and perceived arrogance in handling additional allocation funds and loan deployments. The debate called for greater parliamentary accountability and clearer reporting to citizens on the impact of these delays. Senators highlighted the importance of adequately supporting youth internships, arguing that current stipends are insufficient to cover basic needs such as transport, food, clothing, shelter and healthcare. They called on the government to adopt a comprehensive framework with a minimum Kshs60,000 allocation to ensure meaningful experience and employability for young people.

Senators debated the rollout of the SHA Lipa Pole Pole scheme, noting its high uptake and collected funds while urging wider registration for universal health coverage. The discussion also covered large NHIF debt repayments, staffing cuts and redeployment, and raised concerns over the chairperson of SHA’s alleged conflicts of interest, reflecting both support for health financing and criticism of financial management. Senators questioned the Sustainable Health Assurance (SHA) payment system, pre‑authorisation rules and the burden on patients needing emergency care, while also raising concerns about governors favouring private facilities and the ongoing closure of St Mary’s Hospital due to unpaid claims. The Speaker and Cabinet Secretary acknowledged the issues, noting registration successes but admitting service delivery challenges, especially in maternal and infant health. The debate reflected both constructive inquiry and criticism of health sector implementation. Senators raised concerns about delayed reimbursements from the Social Health Authority (SHA), the limited reach of the Linda Mama programme for teenage mothers, and cases of mothers being detained in hospitals when extra days of care are not covered. The Cabinet Secretary responded by outlining the current budget, the number of beneficiaries reached, and measures such as community health promoters and direct facility funding to improve service delivery. The debate highlighted ongoing challenges in SHA implementation and calls for stronger monitoring and adherence to free‑treatment agreements.

Senators debated motions on land disputes in Embu and Taita‑Taveta, highlighting historical injustices where large parcels were allocated to Catholic parishes, leading to resident evictions. They urged surveys, proper allocation to rightful owners, and implementation of the Standing Committee’s recommendations, while deferring the final decision to a later date. The Senate session began with procedural checks before the Speaker welcomed a delegation of students from three prominent schools. Senators then engaged in light banter before addressing a point of order concerning dress code compliance, leading the Speaker to clarify the relevant rules and enforce proper attire. The debate combined cordial greetings with procedural enforcement. Senator Olekina advocated amending Section 4(c) of the Bill to require citizen voting on county development projects, arguing that current budgeting and supplementary budgets undermine public participation and accountability. He called for dedicated monitoring, evaluation and implementation officers to strengthen Senate oversight of county funds and highlighted the need for collective responsibility between senators, MCAs and governors. The Temporary Speaker deferred the question on the Bill.

Senators Cheruiyot and Kajwang raised concerns about the judiciary’s power to stay parliamentary provisions for extended periods and the recurring failure of bills to progress between the Senate and National Assembly, urging clearer standards and better inter‑house communication. They also advocated for a stand‑alone public participation law and highlighted the need to resolve county boundary disputes through legislation. Senators debated the need for robust public participation legislation and highlighted persistent issues of corruption and lack of accountability in county procurement, especially in shifting agricultural programmes. Concerns were raised about judicial overreach, access to information, and the implementation of development plans, while a tribute was paid to the late Raila Odinga. Sen. Consolata Wakwabubi criticised the inadequate budget allocation for agriculture and the low tea bonuses paid to farmers, urging greater public participation and accountability from ministries, the Cabinet Secretary and county governments. She highlighted the need for transparent oversight, the establishment of social halls in counties, and expressed conditional support for the Bill, calling for amendments to improve its provisions.

Senators paid heartfelt tribute to the late Raila Amolo Odinga, lauding his role as a unifying figure and champion of development projects such as roads, water, and the SGR. They called for continued cooperation among parties and regions to sustain peace and advance infrastructure and economic growth. The session combined solemn remembrance with a forward‑looking appeal for national unity. Senators Wambua and Keroche delivered heartfelt eulogies honoring the late Raila Amolo Odinga, recalling his role in past coalition governments and personal support they received. They moved and seconded a motion to commemorate his legacy, while the Temporary Speaker set a six‑minute limit for contributions. The debate was largely a tribute, with brief procedural remarks. Senators used the afternoon sitting to eulogise the late Raila Odinga, lauding his contributions as the African Union High Representative for Infrastructure, his championing of projects like LAPSSET and continental digital connectivity, and his pivotal role in Kenya's democratic reforms and devolution. They urged the nation to honour his legacy, including proposals to rename Mashujaa Day after him.

The session began with procedural instructions from the Temporary Speaker regarding member log‑ins and adjournment. Members Hon. Mutunga Kanyuithia and Hon. Kibet Komingoi delivered eulogies, lauding the late Raila Odinga’s role in Kenya’s democratic reforms, constitutional development, devolution and peace‑building, and welcomed the President’s decision to grant him a state funeral. The remarks emphasized national unity and the continuation of his vision for Kenya’s future. The House adopted ten petroleum sector regulations before turning to a solemn tribute for the late Rt. Hon. Raila Odinga, with members proposing a two‑minute speaking limit to allow many eulogies. Several MPs delivered heartfelt remembrances while a point of order raised a cultural‑attire dispute, reflecting both reverence and procedural tension. Members of the National Assembly paid heartfelt tributes to the late Hon. Raila Odinga, highlighting his contributions to engineering, infrastructure, and the pursuit of democracy and national unity. The speakers expressed deep sorrow and offered condolences to his family while emphasizing his non-tribal, reformist legacy. The session also noted the public's emotional response and the desire for a dignified send‑off.

Members of the National Assembly offered heartfelt condolences on the death of the late Rt. Hon. Raila Amolo Odinga, recalling his role in Kenya’s constitutional development and his influence across successive administrations. They praised his commitment to unity, equitable resource distribution and democratic values, urging continued peace, national cohesion and progress in his memory. The remarks reflected both sorrow for the loss and a hopeful call to uphold his legacy. Members of the National Assembly paid heartfelt tributes to the late Raila Odinga, recalling his role in Kenyan politics, his advocacy for constitutional reform, and his ability to unite across party lines. The House also discussed practical matters related to the national day of mourning, such as wearing black attire. Light banter about football provided a brief, informal interlude amidst the solemn proceedings. Members of the National Assembly paid tribute to the late former Prime Minister Raila Odinga, highlighting his role in Kenya’s democratic development and regional influence. Hon. Omar Mwinyi urged the ODM to remain united and avoid divisive statements, while other MPs expressed personal condolences and called for national cohesion. The session reflected a solemn yet appreciative tone toward Odinga’s legacy.

The Speaker confirmed quorum, announced the adjournment of the morning sitting and scheduled a new session for 2.30 p.m. The transcript notes a procedural interruption when Hon. Catherine Omanyo sobbed, but no substantive policy debate took place.

The National Assembly convened to address a procedural motion postponing debate to allow members to attend a delegation to Mumbai and to schedule tributes for the late former Prime Minister Rt. Hon. Raila Amolo Odinga. The Speaker guided the motion’s movement and seconding, while members expressed condolences and agreed to allocate time for eulogies tomorrow. The tone was solemn yet cooperative, focusing on funeral arrangements and parliamentary procedure. The House agreed to step down Orders 9 to 18 from the current Order Paper and directed their re‑listing at a later time. The session was then adjourned at 3:02 p.m. to reconvene the following morning.

The debate focused on a Bill designed to strengthen maternal, newborn and child health services by extending care, setting standards, and instituting robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. Members praised the Bill’s provisions for women with special needs, mental health support, and remote‑area access such as mobile clinics, while also highlighting current gaps in the devolved health system. Overall, the speakers expressed strong support for fast‑tracking the legislation to address high maternal and infant mortality rates. Members debated the Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Bill, highlighting the high maternal mortality rates, inadequate antenatal and post‑natal services, and the prevalence of unsafe deliveries in remote areas. While condemning systemic failures such as over‑reliance on caesarean sections, corruption, and lack of resources, they expressed strong support for the Bill as a needed framework to improve care, especially for vulnerable groups like teenage mothers, HIV‑positive women, and persons with disabilities. Members expressed strong support for the maternal, newborn and child health Bill, emphasizing the need for dignified care, training of traditional birth attendants, and clear county responsibilities. They also highlighted systemic challenges such as high infant mortality, gaps in child health services, funding shortfalls, equipment under‑utilisation, and supply chain issues like blood bank reagents and power backups. The debate combined constructive endorsement with critical calls for practical improvements.

The Senate afternoon sitting began with procedural matters, including confirming quorum and welcoming a delegation of teachers and students from Busia County. Senators laid a report on the Kenya Parliamentary Delegation to the 150th Inter‑Parliamentary Union Assembly in Uzbekistan and noted the motion to record it. A solemn tribute was delivered for the late Hon. Elijah Kiptarbei Lagat, honoring his achievements in athletics and public service. Senators highlighted severe deficiencies in Busia County's health facilities, including an overcrowded morgue, non‑functional dialysis machines, lack of ICU and ambulance services, and unregulated pharmacies, urging urgent county action. They also raised concerns over the e‑Citizen digital payment system’s security flaws, calling for stronger government oversight and public‑private partnership, while paying tribute to the late Hon. Elijah Lagat and flagging delays in National ID processing. Senators raised concerns over financial instability, delays in issuing identification documents and the resulting impact on youth employment, while highlighting cross‑border fishing disputes and the need for better coordination between Busia County and neighboring countries. The debate also focused on accountability gaps, citing a Ksh7 billion audit issue and the lack of legislative oversight for private e‑citizen services, and called for protective measures for Lake Turkana’s fishing ecosystem and the establishment of a national dry‑fish auction market in Busia.

Members discussed the Bill to convert the Intergovernmental Relations Technical Committee into a permanent Agency, noting its promise to improve coordination, accountability and service delivery across counties, especially in health and education. They voiced concerns about funding arrangements, overlap with existing bodies such as the Council of County Governors and the County Assembly Forum, and the need for clearer operational structures before endorsing the legislation. Hon. John Waithaka presented a petition highlighting the adverse effects of KeNHA's proposed expansion of the Kiambu–Ruiru road reserve from 40 to 60 metres, which threatens ancestral lands, displaces residents, and raises compensation concerns. The remainder of the sitting involved routine procedural business, including the tabling of reports and motions on labour migration policy, the Sexual Offences (Amendment) Bill, and the Special Funds Account. The session began with Hon. Fatuma Mohammed submitting notices of motion to adopt several Special Funds Accounts reports, which the Deputy Speaker facilitated despite procedural mismatches. The Leader of the Majority Party then delivered the Thursday Statement outlining the House Business Committee’s agenda for upcoming bill readings and urged committees to complete work before the session ends. The Deputy Speaker also acknowledged the presence of a secondary school and a boda‑boda association in the gallery.

Senators used the afternoon sitting to pay tribute to late colleagues, notable figures from Busia County and fellow party members, highlighting their contributions to science, politics and community life. The speeches were largely celebratory, expressing personal gratitude, acknowledging party affiliations and hinting at future political aspirations. The session concluded after a brief hour of these commendations. Senators highlighted the crisis of low tea farmer payments, urging the Cabinet Secretary for Agriculture to be summoned and calling for equitable interventions across agricultural sectors. They also debated amendments to the Constitution Amendment Bill, seeking greater Senate involvement in selection panels, while the Temporary Speaker repeatedly restored order amid off‑topic remarks. Senators raised concerns over security incidents in Sololo, criticized delays and mismanagement in irrigation schemes, and highlighted the need for better regulation and equipment for artisanal miners. The Deputy Speaker also condemned the practice of naming county projects after officials and urged uniform health‑insurance coverage for public servants across counties.

The Minister of Education detailed a verification exercise to identify ghost schools and ensure accurate capitation disbursements, noting 84% completion and aiming for full rollout by next Wednesday. He also addressed salary disputes, confirming payments under the collective bargaining agreement and outlining steps to resolve outstanding lecturer claims, while emphasizing the transition to the Kenya Education Management Information System. Members raised concerns that schools lack sufficient funding for travel and participation in regional competitions such as the East African Games, and highlighted gaps in feeding programmes and hardship allowances for teachers. The Temporary Speaker acknowledged resource shortfalls, noted ongoing reviews of budget allocations and the use of the Sports Fund, and pledged to rationalise funding mechanisms. The exchange combined criticism of current support with constructive suggestions for policy adjustments. The afternoon sitting focused on amending a Bill, with members proposing changes to clauses 3, 4 and 10 and debating the need to reference the Public Finance Management Act. The Temporary Chairlady guided the procedural flow, addressing overlapping amendments from different committees and directing the order of business. While there was some criticism of potential over‑legislation, the debate remained largely collaborative and procedural.

Members debated procedural handling of several bill clauses, seeking clarification on recommitting clauses and enumerating specific clauses for further consideration. The Temporary Chairlady guided the process, moving amendments to delete clauses 9 and 10 and to modify wording in clause 12, while also addressing a technical microphone issue. The discussion centered on ensuring proper procedure and accurate legislative language. Members debated proposed limits on gamete and embryo donation, citing risks of excessive genetic siblings and potential incest, and argued for safeguards against commercial surrogacy. While some supported the 10‑donation cap and related clauses, others questioned the basis for the number and sought wording changes, such as deleting “or” in Clause 19(b). The discussion centered on protecting health, ethics, and ensuring altruistic fertility services. Members raised concerns over the lack of mobile network coverage in Lulis Location, Mandera County, and the disappearance of Mr Galgallo Bagaja Malicha in Marsabit County, seeking statements from the relevant departmental committees. The Deputy Speaker noted the absence of committee chairs and pledged responses within two weeks, while procedural motions dominated the sitting with several members absent.

Senator Cheruiyot criticised chronic bottlenecks at the Malaba and Busia border posts, highlighting malfunctioning scanners, excessive paperwork and safety hazards that impede intra‑EAC trade. He urged relevant agencies—including KRA, KeNHA and the Ministry of Transport—to adopt a 90‑day rapid plan and leverage technology to achieve true regional integration. The speech combined sharp criticism with constructive calls for reform and coordination among East African parliaments. Senators highlighted serious shortcomings at Kenya’s border posts in Busia, Malaba and Mandera, citing inadequate infrastructure, loss of revenue, and rampant human trafficking and child labour. They contrasted these failures with the efficient One‑Stop Border Post at Namanga, urging the adoption of similar ICT‑based solutions, better equipment and coordinated action among ministries. Calls were made for formal border points, joint committee meetings and stronger regional integration mechanisms. Senator Cheruiyot moved a motion drawing attention to chronic congestion, inadequate infrastructure and stalled projects at the Busia and Malaba border posts, stressing their impact on trade, revenue and regional integration. He called for urgent, coordinated interventions to modernise facilities, streamline customs procedures and harmonise policies, urging fellow senators to share experiences and support faster clearance for truck drivers and the public. The debate combined criticism of current shortcomings with constructive appeals for reform.

Senators debated the establishment of a Gender and Family Committee and proceeded with procedural motions, including a roll‑call division. The session also featured the introduction and seconding of the County Hall of Fame Bill, aimed at preserving local heritage and recognizing county heroes. While some speakers expressed strong support for the bill, interruptions and time‑limit enforcement added a tense procedural tone. Senators debated the narrative of Kenya’s independence, with Sen. Cherarkey arguing that history should recognise freedom fighters beyond the Mau Mau and accusing others of revisionism. Sen. Veronica Maina and the Temporary Speaker stressed the Bill’s purpose to honour the Mau Mau and warned against denigrating any hero, leading to procedural clashes. The exchange highlighted tensions over historical representation and parliamentary decorum. Senators highlighted the need to strengthen intergovernmental mechanisms to accurately document Kenya's diverse cultural heritage across counties and neighboring countries, linking this to tourism, AI‑driven economic growth and devolution. They also criticised the current opaque criteria for national honours, urging transparent legislation, while sharing personal anecdotes that underscored the broader call for collaborative, inclusive policy making.

The sitting began with routine procedural business, including the ringing of the quorum bell and the recognition of school learners and a cancer‑network delegation in the gallery. Members then used Standing Order 44(2)(c) to request statements from the Departmental Committee on Administration and Internal Security on two urgent matters: recurring armed attacks in North Horr and the unexplained death of a detainee, Simon Warui, while in police custody. The committee pledged a response within two weeks, and the House was reminded of pending items such as the salaries and remuneration commission nomination and a cancer petition reading. Members debated the recruitment process for Nairobi constituencies, emphasizing fair allocation of centres and procedural fairness. The discussion then shifted to the unfinished Gilgil‑Machinery access roads in Kipipiri, with MPs criticizing the Ministry for unfulfilled promises and demanding accountability. The Temporary Speaker managed the procedural flow while members sought concrete actions. Members voiced strong concern over the recent tea bonus, describing severe hardship for farmers in Rift Valley and Western regions and urging the House to form an ad‑hoc committee to review the issue. Several MPs highlighted disparities in payments, called for the disbandment of the KTDA, and demanded urgent government action. The debate was punctuated by procedural interruptions and a brief dispute over a water‑bottle incident, reflecting heightened tension.

The House considered the Select Committee report on members’ services and facilities and moved to adopt it. Members raised urgent concerns, notably the Ministry of Education’s student‑verification exercise causing funding delays and exam‑time disruption, and police harassment of artisanal miners in Moyale, prompting requests for statements from the relevant departmental chairs. The proceedings were largely procedural but underscored significant challenges in education financing and local mining livelihoods. The sitting opened with tributes and a moment of silence for the late Hon. F.T. Nyammo and Hon. Elijah Lagat, after which members turned to the Virtual Asset Service Providers Bill. Numerous amendments were moved to delete redundant clauses, clarify language, and streamline eligibility provisions, while some members criticised the bill as poorly drafted. The debate remained procedural but reflected both respect for the deceased and frustration over legislative quality. The afternoon sitting opened with procedural business and a welcome to a delegation from the Elgeyo Marakwet County Assembly. The Temporary Speaker presented Public Petition No.15, urging legislation to regulate the rapid proliferation of theological colleges and ensure accreditation and curriculum standards. Hon. (Dr) Ojiambo Oundo expressed skepticism, arguing that regulation could infringe on religious freedom and may be an inefficient use of parliamentary time.

The afternoon Senate sitting was dominated by a series of amendment motions to a Bill, primarily proposed by Senators Veronica Maina and George Mbugua. The amendments repeatedly sought to insert references to the county commissioner for cooperatives and adjust wording in various clauses, with divisions scheduled at the end of each motion. The afternoon Senate session was dominated by procedural motions to amend the Cooperatives Bill, with Sen. Mbugua proposing changes to numerous clauses and schedules. Sen. Veronica Maina announced forthcoming divisions on the clauses, and Sen. Okenyuri moved for the Committee of the Whole to report and for the Senate to reconvene the next day. The House adjourned until Tuesday, 7 October 2025. Senators highlighted upcoming community outreach in Busia, including a KEWOSA‑led event, while also condemning recent deaths of youths in police custody and demanding greater transparency from the IPOA. Procedural business dominated the latter part of the sitting, with the Senate moving to the Committee of the Whole to consider amendments to the Cooperatives Bill and deferring several orders due to insufficient attendance. The debate combined constructive legislative activity with strong criticism of security‑related human rights concerns.

Senators interrogated the Cabinet Secretary on the rollout of teacher recruitment, ICT and science laboratory provision, and the prevalence of ghost students siphoning capitation funds. They also raised concerns about budget sufficiency, age‑based hiring restrictions, and the organisational structure of junior secondary schools, while the minister highlighted recruitment targets and infrastructure plans. The exchange combined commendations with sharp criticism, reflecting a mixed tone. Senators and the Cabinet Secretary for Tourism and Wildlife discussed initiatives to boost tourism, such as sports ambassadors, a high‑altitude training centre, and the Mama Ngina Waterfront Park, while raising questions on budget allocations and standards for a proposed cable car. The Minister highlighted ongoing consultations on territorial security, human‑wildlife conflict mitigation, and funding for wildlife conservation, acknowledging budget constraints and pending regulatory approvals. Senators voiced strong concerns that military recruitment opportunities are being sold and that children are forced to travel to their home counties for ID cards, questioning the merit‑based nature of enlistment. They also highlighted repeated delays by the Defence Cabinet Secretary in appearing before the Senate, prompting the Speaker to seek a timely appearance before the recruitment exercise concludes. The discussion combined criticism of alleged corruption with procedural attempts to address the issue.

Members expressed strong support for the Privatisation Bill, stressing the need for robust public participation, transparent valuation and oversight to prevent undervaluation of state assets. They highlighted the chronic mismanagement of parastatals, the fiscal burden they impose, and the Bill's provisions—such as the Privatisation Authority and Cabinet‑level programme approval—to streamline sales and generate revenue. Examples of both successful and failed privatisations were cited to illustrate potential benefits and risks. Members debated the inequitable distribution of revenue from national parks and called for clear legislation, while also addressing the elephant menace affecting coastal communities and a petition concerning the delivery of original marriage certificates. The Speaker reminded MPs of legal constraints and procedural routes, and the session concluded with acknowledgments to visiting schoolchildren. Members debated the proposed privatisation of the Kenya Pipeline Company, highlighting risks such as legal disputes, inadequate regulation and operational bottlenecks like the Kisumu depot, while also acknowledging past successful privatisations and urging transparent processes. The discussion called for strong oversight by the Privatisation Commission and emphasized the need for public participation in the upcoming IPO to ensure equitable benefits. Overall, the debate balanced caution with support for the privatisation agenda.

Hon. Clive Gisairo urged the House to adopt a formal reward scheme and establish sports academies, arguing that Kenya has sufficient resources to invest in youth sports and that legislation is needed to guarantee annual budgeting. Hon. Beatrice Kemei backed the motion, emphasizing the importance of proper training facilities, welfare provisions, and protection against exploitation, especially for female athletes, and called for the motion to be upgraded to a Bill. Both speakers framed sports development as an economic opportunity and a means to reduce politicisation of athletic achievements. Members discussed the need for a comprehensive legislative and financial framework to support Kenyan athletes, emphasizing medical coverage, post‑career financial education and systematic compensation. They highlighted gaps such as inadequate health benefits, lack of investment in male athletes, and missed opportunities in sports tourism, urging the Ministry to enact a policy. The motion received broad support despite criticism of current shortcomings. Members highlighted sports as a key driver for Kenya's economic growth and international branding, urging the government to enact supportive legislation and invest in talent development. While expressing enthusiasm for Kenya's athletic achievements, they criticised the lack of concrete action and called for sports to be integrated into Vision 2030 and employment strategies. The debate called for a shift from traditional exports to leveraging sports for foreign exchange and job creation.

Senators debated the ambiguous constitutional provision that allows governors to "may" assign duties to deputy governors, arguing it leads to inactivity, lack of accountability and political friction. Several members called for the language to be changed to "shall" and for clear, statutory duties to be defined, while also referencing Kenya's reliance on foreign aid and urging a focus on internal solutions. The discussion highlighted tensions between governors and their deputies across multiple counties. Senators examined persistent oversight gaps in county fiscal transfers and conditional grants, urging clearer policies and stronger Senate scrutiny. They also raised concerns about the lack of a structured reward scheme for athletes and unequal tea farmer bonuses, calling for transparent criteria and fair implementation of internship and merit‑based opportunities. Senators debated the legal basis for assigning responsibilities to deputy governors, focusing on Section 32 of the County Governments Act and whether the wording should be “may” or “shall”. The Deputy Speaker warned Sen. Cherarkey about being out of order, while other members highlighted the need for clear legislation and the relevance of the Intergovernmental Budget and Economic Council. The exchange also raised broader questions about the role of deputy governors in devolution and public service delivery.

The afternoon Senate sitting focused on procedural motions to amend a Bill, with Senators Veronica Maina and Julius Murgor repeatedly moving to delete or replace clauses (including Clauses 6, 7, 8, 9 and 13). A notable amendment proposed the creation of a county directorate of library services, and the House also considered a request for leave to reconvene. Divisions on the amendments were scheduled for the end of the sitting. Senators reported on committee work, including a draft report on the national motion, a foreign‑policy paper and investigations into police SACCO corruption, the custodial death of Albert Ojwang’, and organised crime in coastal counties. The debate turned sharply critical as members condemned police killings in Nandi, alleged brutality over pineapple theft in Thika, and warned against vigilantism, while also noting participation in a workshop on the Strategic Goods Control Bill. The Speaker limited speaking time and reiterated that taking the law into one’s own hands is unacceptable. Senators spent the afternoon reviewing and moving a series of amendments to the Technopolis Bill, including provisions for stakeholder consultation, universal accessibility, and a thirty‑day implementation timeline, as well as a proposed change to the Bill’s long title. The proceedings were largely procedural, with multiple divisions and motions to agree with the Committee of the Whole’s report, culminating in a motion to reconvene the next day.

Hon. Caleb Amisi highlighted serious audit findings across several state corporations, including unrecorded biological assets, unresolved land ownership disputes, and procurement violations such as non‑tendered purchases and overpayments. He urged swift corrective actions, legal investigations and stricter compliance with the Public Procurement and Asset Disposal Act and related statutes. The recommendations aim to improve asset management, enforce accountability and recover lost public funds. Hon. Gladys Boss highlighted the publication of the 7th Edition of the National Assembly Standing Orders and the mechanism for Cabinet Secretaries to appear before Parliament. The House then moved to the Committee of the Whole to consider the Air Passenger Service Charge (Amendment) Bill and the County Governments Additional Allocations Bill, with several members proposing and agreeing to specific clause amendments, including the removal of references to the Road Maintenance Levy Fund. Procedural motions and corrections were addressed throughout the sitting. The National Assembly considered and approved amendments to the County Governments Additional Allocations (No.2) Bill and the Air Passenger Service Charge (Amendment) Bill, with motions moved, seconded and passed through third readings. The proceedings were largely procedural, focusing on the deletion of a schedule, reporting by committees, and formal agreement on the bills.

The Temporary Speaker highlighted persistent quorum problems and warned that committee chairpersons must be present, remitting the issue to the Substantive Speaker. Hon. Junet Mohamed criticised low attendance, suggested reducing sitting days or allowances, and called on whips to enforce attendance, while brief exchanges included corrections about a village name and light banter. The debate centered on improving parliamentary participation and procedural compliance. Hon. Naomi Waqo highlighted challenges of marginalised areas, quorum shortfalls and urged greater attendance by chairpersons and members, while also committing to obtain committee responses within two weeks. The Temporary Speaker facilitated statements requests, notably from Hon. Joyce Kamene on blood donation and transfusion services at KNH, setting a two‑week deadline for the Health Committee. The session concluded with a pending request for a statement from the Transport and Infrastructure Committee. Members debated the Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes (Amendment) Bill, raising concerns about AI, misinformation, and the need for clear regulatory guidance. Parallel discussions touched on passport visa delays, SIM‑card registration rules, and procedural reporting on the Cancer Prevention and Control Bill. The tone combined constructive support for legislation with cautionary remarks about implementation challenges.

Sen. Chesang briefed the Senate on the ICT Committee’s work, including the Technopolis Bill, oversight of the Universal Service Fund, and inquiries into critical telecom infrastructure and county revenue systems such as IFMIS. Sen. (Prof) Tom Odhiambo Ojienda presented the Justice, Legal Affairs and Human Rights Committee’s quarterly report, covering the Draft Public Appointments Bill, the Conflict‑of‑Interest Bill, pending constitutional amendment legislation, and the next steps for public hearings. Both reports emphasized ongoing stakeholder engagement and procedural progress. Senator Sifuna criticised the current housing regulations and uneven delivery of affordable housing units across counties, urging greater committee oversight and transparent reporting. He highlighted the plight of teachers and low‑income communities, calling for prioritisation and clearer mechanisms for allocation. The debate reflected frustration with procedural delays while proposing constructive engagement. Senator Gataya Mo Fire criticised the lack of mechanisms for the Senate to follow up on a housing law after its passage, arguing that the legislature is sidelined from assessing implementation, costs and benefits. He called for direct engagement with the Cabinet Secretary and Principal Secretary to verify pricing, youth participation in supply chains, and the use of public land, emphasizing accountability to his constituents.

Members first emphasized the need for political parties to avoid ethnic division and urged the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights to protect citizens' rights. The debate then moved to a motion calling on the government to secure a 16‑year extension of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), citing its role in preserving jobs, supporting women’s livelihoods, and strengthening Kenya‑US trade ties. Hon. Jane Kagiri warned that the imminent expiry of AGOA threatens the livelihoods of up to 550,000 Kenyans employed in export‑processing zones, citing the programme’s $500‑$550 million annual trade value and its strategic importance to US investors. She urged the government to secure an extension—preferably a longer‑term solution—and to reduce bureaucratic bottlenecks that hinder investment and technology transfer. The speech combined concern over potential job losses with optimism about AGOA’s proven economic benefits. Members praised the recent ambassadorial appointments, emphasizing the need for language competence, economic diplomacy and effective diaspora engagement. They highlighted the value of career diplomats and the importance of modernising Kenya's foreign service to reflect evolving global dynamics. The committee report was broadly supported with calls for continued professionalism in diplomatic postings.

Hon. Tim Wanyonyi moved a motion urging the government to establish a comprehensive land‑use policy that designates separate zones for agriculture and built development, aiming to halt the loss of arable land and boost agricultural productivity. He linked declining yields to unplanned settlements, highlighted climate‑change risks, and cited international examples to argue for coordinated action among ministries and stakeholder participation. Members highlighted the rapid conversion of agricultural and pastoral lands into urban developments, warning that this threatens food security and could spark social unrest, especially among pastoralist communities. They criticised inadequate implementation of land‑reform policies while proposing integrated urban planning, equitable land‑use policies and stronger constitutional enforcement to mitigate the crisis. Members debated Motion No. 044, which proposes a national land‑use zoning framework to allocate land for agriculture and built‑up development, linking it to the affordable‑housing agenda. While the majority expressed strong support, citing agriculture’s contribution to GDP and employment, concerns were raised about existing land ownership laws and the practicality of implementation in areas with absolute private titles. The discussion highlighted the need for legal amendments, coordinated county planning, and youth training in farming to realise the policy’s potential.

Sen. Wafula raised concerns about land grabbing, corruption in the land department and the lack of transparent mechanisms for land ownership, urging the Senate to hold officials accountable. Sen. Mumma moved a motion to note the IPU report on the UN parliamentary hearing, emphasizing Kenya’s role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals, while Sen. Mungatana highlighted the poor progress (17% on track) and questioned global financing and commitment. The debate combined criticism of domestic land issues with constructive discussion on international obligations and SDG implementation. Senators criticised the last‑minute notice that the Cabinet Secretary for Lands, Public Works, Housing and Urban Development would be unavailable, calling it contempt for Parliament and urging stricter penalties for non‑attendance. They highlighted urgent land‑grab incidents in Nairobi and demanded written responses or a prompt appearance, while the Speaker confirmed the cancellation of question time due to the absence. Senators expressed frustration over cabinet secretaries repeatedly failing to appear before the Senate, urging the Speaker to enforce censure motions to reinforce accountability. They also raised concerns about land administration, including disputed titles and exploitation of farms, calling for stronger oversight. The debate combined criticism of procedural lapses with proposals for stricter enforcement and better protection of citizens' land rights.

Senators sought statements on several countywide concerns, including the lack of electricity in Sere Olipi (Samburu), the safety of animal feeds in Kisumu, and labour equality issues. The Standing Committee on Energy presented its quarterly report, highlighting a pending amendment to the Energy Act, investigations into an oil spill at Thange Ward, and reviews of public‑private partnership compliance. The debate combined procedural motions with substantive critiques of service delivery and regulatory gaps. Senators Khalwale and Olekina criticised the chronic delays in the Treasury’s cash disbursement schedule for county salaries, arguing that late payments cripple local economies and health service delivery. They urged amendments to the Public Finance Management Act and stricter alignment with constitutional provisions to guarantee timely funding and county autonomy over procurement. Senators debated the shortcomings of county procurement and financial management, urging greater transparency through e‑procurement and clearer reporting of fund allocations. They criticised delays and perceived neglect by the National Treasury in disbursing devolved resources, while proposing quarterly releases and empirical measures to assess county efficiency. The discussion highlighted concerns over fiduciary risk, salary‑driven spending, and the need for services to reach citizens more effectively.

Senators used the afternoon sitting to raise community grievances over overloaded trucks damaging Syokimau roads and to question a Kshs14.5 billion single‑source tender by the Central Bank for currency printing, citing audit‑report irregularities. Several standing committees reported on their oversight work, including agricultural seed distribution, pesticide safety, devolution matters, and education initiatives such as early childhood development and school feeding programmes. Sen. Cherarkey urged the Senate to eliminate the Kshs1,050 fee, decentralise and digitise the certificate of good conduct process, and make the certificate valid for life, highlighting corruption and inefficiency. The Deputy Speaker deferred the motion. Later, Sen. Olekina moved the second reading of the Seeds and Plant Varieties (Amendment) Bill, arguing for a KEBS‑administered, standard‑based registration system to curb KEPHIS bottlenecks and boost local seed innovation, while critiquing reliance on OECD‑aligned frameworks. Senators raised concerns over the Ksh700 billion education budget, demanding public disclosure of allocations to curb ghost schools and ensure value for money. The debate also highlighted recent school violence, inadequate feeding programmes, dilapidated ECDE facilities and accusations of political bias and misconduct among legislators, calling for stronger oversight and accountability.

Members discussed the constitutional challenges to the Road Maintenance Fuel Levy Fund, noting the High Court's ruling that current provisions exclude counties and violate devolution principles. They reported a successful stay of the judgment by the Court of Appeal and outlined a short Bill to amend the Kenya Roads Act and Roads Board Act to incorporate counties and address the legal gaps. The debate emphasized collaborative efforts with the Council of Governors and confidence in the pending appeal. Members debated the need for clear, empirical criteria for the 10 % road‑fund allocation and stressed equitable treatment of urban and rural roads, especially in Nairobi. They criticised county authorities for destroying roads without repair while supporting the Bill to align the road sector with the new Constitution and improve road classification and maintenance. Hon. Emmanuel Wangwe highlighted systemic failures in parastatal audit compliance, prolonged court litigation over state assets, and chronic delays in recovering imprest advances, urging stricter enforcement of the Public Finance Management Act. He also called for faster judicial resolution, use of alternative dispute mechanisms, and more realistic budget allocations to address under‑funding. The remarks combined criticism of current practices with concrete recommendations for reform.

Senators debated the impeachment of the Kericho County Governor, with witnesses presenting evidence of alleged misappropriation of FLLoCA funds, nepotistic project allocation and procedural misconduct. The testimony urged the Senate to find the charges substantiated, while the Governor’s side contested voting irregularities and the credibility of the evidence. The discussion highlighted tensions between accountability demands and political defenses. Senators debated allegations that the Kericho County Governor and his counsel manipulated the county assembly voting system, citing possible double‑voting, falsified login records, and coerced MCA behaviour. Witnesses contested the credibility of logs and affidavits, while urging the Senate to assess whether the evidence proves systemic compromise or merely procedural flaws. Senators interrogated the reliability of the electronic voting system used by the County Assembly to remove a governor, focusing on the absence of MAC‑address data and inconsistencies in IP‑address logs. Witnesses argued that without verifiable digital fingerprints the vote cannot meet the constitutional threshold, and urged the Senate to reject the results as non‑transparent and unverified.

During the Senate hearing, counsel Mr. Elias Mutuma repeatedly questioned Hon. Hillary Kibet Bosuben about the existence and nature of voting machines in the County Assembly, highlighting contradictions in her statements. The witness struggled to provide clear answers, oscillating between laptops, wall screens, and phones as the alleged machines, leading to a tense and confrontational exchange. Counsel Mr. Katwa Kigen questioned MCA Hon. Hillary Kibet Bosuben about the procedural handling of a speaker’s invitation, the authenticity of an audio recording, and the standing of 18 MCAs during an impeachment division. The witness affirmed the audio was genuine, confirmed the speaker’s direction, and denied routinely recording people, while also acknowledging a personal friendship with the motion mover. During the Senate afternoon sitting, counsel cross‑examined Hon. Amos Birir about the numbers and WhatsApp accounts linked to his phones, questioning whether he could have voted electronically. The counsel accused Birir of lying under oath and misrepresenting his device capabilities, while Birir insisted his phone is not internet‑enabled and that he never voted.

The witness confirmed that electronic voting was limited to an 11‑minute window approved by the Speaker, with no activity recorded beyond that period and any login attempts outside the window blocked. He also explained that two County Assembly members lacked Integrated Payroll and Personnel Database (IPPD) numbers, so their national IDs were used instead for all functions. The exchange highlighted procedural concerns about voting extensions and personnel data management. The witness, Mr. Elisha Ongoya, testified that documents related to the Roads Department in Kericho County were falsified to create false issues for payment, highlighting double payments of retention fees. Senators and Hon. Albert Kipkoech interrogated him on specific table references, RTGS registers, and the nature of the payments, seeking clarification on how the alleged over‑payments occurred. Hon. Albert Kipkoech cross‑examined witness Mr. Katwa Kigen on the County Governments Act, the recommendation process to the County Public Service Board, and whether the Governor was given a chance to answer concerns before impeachment. The witness argued the County Assembly lacks the mandate to invite the Governor except through impeachment, leading to a tense and repetitive exchange.

The committee interrogated Hon. Kiprotich Rogony about the unaddressed Ksh9 million and his failure to lodge statements or referrals to the EACC, while counsel highlighted prior impeachment complaints and pressed for concrete action. The Speaker intervened to curb evasiveness, underscoring the need for clear, timely answers. The Senate witness, Mr. Elias Mutuma, repeatedly questioned Hon. Martin Cheruiyot about his endorsement of a report on fictitious payments, probing whether he supports holding the Governor accountable. Cheruiyot affirmed endorsement of the report’s recommendations but denied targeting the Governor, resulting in a confrontational exchange. The Senate examined Hon. Martin Cheruiyot, who affirmed that 18 MCAs signed an affidavit stating they did not vote for a motion and that four of them were alleged to have been impersonated in the voting process. He detailed complaints lodged with the Directorate of Criminal Investigations regarding unauthorized use of his credentials and a collective letter from 18 members seeking investigation. The questioning focused on the authenticity of documents and the extent of alleged voting irregularities.

The Senate hearing focused on allegations of irregularities in the electronic voting system used by a County Assembly to impeach a governor, with counsel presenting audit‑trail evidence of duplicate votes and unauthorized log‑ins. The Speaker intervened to limit repetitions, while the County Assembly’s counsel defended the system’s reliability and cited provision of laptops to members. The debate highlighted concerns over system security, procedural objections, and the credibility of the impeachment process. Senators and counsel debated the admissibility of additional documents in a governor removal motion, invoking Senate standing orders that prohibit new evidence not previously filed in the County Assembly. The Speaker ruled that certain omitted documents could be admitted, while both sides raised preliminary objections concerning the voting process and the two‑thirds threshold required for removal. The exchange was marked by procedural contention and sharp criticism of each party’s approach. Counsel for the Governor challenged the accuracy and verifiability of the County Assembly's electronic voting system, highlighting discrepancies between reported votes and the number of MCAs who allegedly abstained. Witnesses presented affidavits and audit‑trail evidence suggesting duplicate votes and system manipulation, and urged the Senate to reject the motion pending a proper two‑thirds majority. The debate centered on procedural compliance with Standing Order No.77 and the Senate's jurisdiction to resolve the dispute.