Sittings

The session devolved into a heated exchange over alleged disrespect toward Islam, accusations of police brutality and political intimidation, and procedural disputes between senators and the temporary speaker. Senators invoked historical references and warned of "Stockholm syndrome" while demanding neutral arbitration and respect for minority voices. The debate highlighted deep tensions around security forces, religious sensitivity, and parliamentary order. The afternoon Senate sitting was dominated by procedural clashes and heated exchanges, with minority members accusing the majority leader of heckling and walking out, and raising a point of order over the Speaker’s vote on a report. The Temporary Speaker repeatedly intervened to restore order, enforce time limits and cite standing orders, while references were made to planned demonstrations by the Azimio One Kenya Alliance. Senators debated a motion to allow elected and nominated members to directly question Cabinet Secretaries, with some expressing support based on past parliamentary practice while others raised procedural and constitutional objections. The discussion devolved into heated exchanges over language, points of order, and decorum, prompting the temporary speaker to intervene repeatedly to restore order.

Senators highlighted serious shortcomings in the Last‑Mile Connectivity Project, noting that many transformers and power lines delivered to schools and public facilities remain non‑functional, leaving several counties with very low electricity coverage. They called on Kenya Power and the Ministry of Energy to provide comprehensive status reports and urged the National Assembly to allocate resources for corrective action, especially in northern and central regions. Senators debated a Bill aimed at strengthening TVET institutions, praising its focus on recognising artisan skills and shifting funding responsibilities to county governments. They raised concerns about trainer employment transitions, retirement benefits, and the proportion of funds retained by the national TVET Authority, urging clear transitional provisions and amendments. The discussion was constructive but highlighted significant implementation challenges. Senators Kajwang and Ogola led a supportive discussion on the County Vocational Education and Training Bill, emphasizing its role in enhancing vocational centres, accreditation, and recognition of prior learning to address unemployment and urban skill needs. The Speaker managed procedural matters, limiting speaking time while urging contributors to substantiate their points. Overall, the debate was constructive, focusing on improving vocational education under devolution.

Members moved to extend the short recess by a week to allow committees to finalise bills and for MPs to engage with constituents, emphasizing that recess is not a holiday but a shift in work venue. The House then proceeded to discuss the Division of Revenue Bill, outlining the budget‑making cycle, vertical allocation of funds to counties and the role of the Commission on Revenue Allocation. The debate was largely procedural and explanatory, with no overt conflict. Hon. Ndindi Nyoro outlined the Division of Revenue Bill, detailing the Ksh3.6 trillion national budget and the Ksh430 billion earmarked for counties, including conditional grants and industrial park funding. He criticised the Senate’s reliance on projected revenues, urging the use of audited figures and a streamlined formula for disbursement, while highlighting the importance of road maintenance levies and support for county infrastructure projects. The debate combined constructive proposals with pointed criticism of budgeting practices. Hon. Muchangi Karemba argued against Kenya joining a union that would recognize LGBTQ rights, citing religious opposition and trade interests. Hon. Millie Odhiambo defended her senior‑counsel status, highlighted procedural disputes, and shifted focus to the ACP‑EU treaty, her role in the IPU Human Rights Committee, and broader human‑rights concerns for parliamentarians. The temporary speaker intervened to maintain order during the exchanges.

Sen. Cheruiyot urged the Senate to approve the newly nominated members of the National Climate Change Council, stressing the urgency of robust climate policies for Kenya’s largely arid land. He criticised widespread environmental neglect, especially littering and river pollution, while praising recent initiatives such as the Nairobi River Commission and the Council’s constitutional mandate. The senator called for swift action by the Council and county governors to reverse environmental degradation and protect future generations. Senator Onyonka welcomed young visitors and used the debate to highlight Kenya's environmental challenges, calling for systematic tree‑planting audits, better county‑level coordination and stronger engagement with UNEP. He urged the government to support environmental studies through scholarships and warned that political and tribal disputes hinder effective forest and water‑tower management. The speech combined commendation of past efforts with criticism of current gaps, urging concrete policy action. Sen. Crystal Asige urged the Senate to make climate‑change policy inclusive of persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups, warning that current plans overlook their specific needs. The Temporary Speaker responded by welcoming visiting children, recalling a tragic school stampede, and pledging improvements in education and regional revenue allocation. Sen. Thang’wa concluded by supporting the motion to appoint members to the National Climate Change Council.

Members praised the NG-CDF Committee for its role in funding education but highlighted persistent delays in fund disbursement, especially affecting bursaries and HELB loans. They called for timely releases, better coordination with school officials, and urgent attention to drought‑related school disruptions in vulnerable constituencies. Members raised concerns over delayed NG‑CDF disbursements, urging the committee and Treasury to expedite bursary payments for schoolchildren and to address fund‑manager overstays. The Treasury indicated forthcoming releases of allocated funds and proposed new board appointments and stricter oversight, while the motion was deferred to the next session. Hon. Opiyo Wandayi urged the National Assembly to reject the proposed Salaries and Remuneration Commission regulations, stressing that all delegated legislation must be approved by Parliament to uphold constitutional oversight. He also highlighted the severe economic challenges facing Kenya, including the sharp depreciation of the shilling and rising cost of living, calling for urgent political action. The speaker framed the rejection as both a defence of parliamentary authority and a response to public hardship.

Hon. Ndindi Nyoro outlined the FY 2023/24 budget ceilings, emphasizing allocations for the executive, parliament, judiciary and counties, while highlighting the heavy debt‑service burden and the need for internal borrowing. He stressed the importance of value‑addition, human‑capital development through healthcare and TVET, and urged policies to mitigate prolonged shocks such as drought, inflation and global economic pressures, projecting a 6% growth rate for Kenya. Members highlighted the shift towards a value‑chain‑oriented budget, praising the Kenya Kwanza administration’s focus on sectors such as leather, dairy, textiles, mining and the blue economy. They also lauded increased NG‑CDF allocations for school infrastructure, roads and junior secondary education, while noting past shortcomings in the Big Four agenda and classroom construction. The speakers urged diligent implementation and constituency engagement to ensure the funds translate into tangible economic benefits. Members debated the approval of nominees to the Climate Change Council, emphasizing the council’s critical role in addressing Kenya’s severe drought and broader climate challenges. They praised the expertise of most nominees while rejecting one candidate for insufficient environmental knowledge, and called for adequate resourcing and attention to carbon pricing and environmental legislation.

Senators debated a procedural impasse concerning the ruling and order related to the Senate Minority Leader, urging patience and the submission of required tribunal documents to resume normal business. The session also featured a eulogy honoring the late Francis Wangusi for his pivotal role in Kenya’s telecommunications development. The Senate approved three nominees to the National Climate Change Council while rejecting Ms. Umra Omar due to perceived lack of competence and preparation. Members discussed the importance of climate action, tree‑planting initiatives, and the administration of the Climate Change Fund, emphasizing coordination between national and county governments. Procedural remarks highlighted the need for transparency and effective oversight. Senators welcomed a group of Meru students, urging discipline and academic effort, and extended condolences to the family of the late Director General of the Communications Authority, Francis Wangusi, praising his service and urging support for his children. The session also featured a point of order from Sen. Kajwang on adhering to parliamentary tradition by addressing the Chair rather than speaking directly to gallery visitors.

Hon. Sarah Korere denounced colonial attitudes and foreign‑imposed norms, urging the Parliament to protect families and Kenyan cultural values. Hon. Gonzi Rai echoed similar concerns, criticizing foreign dress codes, family‑planning mandates and aid dependency while calling for self‑reliance and adherence to religious teachings. Both speakers appealed for legislative measures to safeguard Kenyan traditions and reduce external influence. Members used strong religious and cultural rhetoric to condemn homosexuality, describing it as a fire that will destroy Kenya's social fabric and calling for urgent parliamentary action. They linked the issue to foreign influence and NGOs, urging legislation that upholds traditional values and protects the family unit. Hon. Gonzi Rai condemned practices he deemed contrary to the Constitution and divine law, expressing strong moral outrage. Hon. James Nyikal and other members argued that same‑sex relations and non‑traditional reproductive methods violate nature, culture and the Constitution, invoking religious and scientific reasoning. The Temporary Speaker and other members offered brief acknowledgments amid occasional laughter.

Senators discussed the government’s subsidised fertilizer programme, urging further devolution to sub‑county levels and calling for the inclusion of seeds and additional counties such as Baringo. The debate also highlighted the importance of agricultural productivity, irrigation projects and the role of education, with a senior senator welcoming school visitors to the Senate. While there was broad support for the initiative, concerns were raised about uneven coverage and the need for stronger extension services. Senators highlighted the logistical challenges farmers face in accessing subsidised fertilizer, urging stronger collaboration between national and county governments to deliver inputs at sub‑county level. They praised the current Kenya Kwanza production‑subsidy programme while sharply criticizing the previous "handshake" administration's alleged mis‑management of food subsidies. The debate concluded with a call for the Committee on Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries to provide detailed answers on programme implementation across all counties. Senators highlighted widespread land fraud and double allocation, focusing on a case involving Ms. Sophia and its impact on housing projects, and called on the Ministry of Lands, the DCI and other bodies to investigate. The Speaker subsequently committed the petition to the Committee on Roads, Transportation and Housing and moved on to procedural business, including the tabling of several Auditor‑General reports. The session mixed substantive criticism with routine parliamentary procedures.

Members highlighted the persistent problem of non‑performing loans and the growing public debt, criticizing the Treasury’s debt strategy, inconsistent debt figures and lack of transparency. They called for a detailed review of guaranteed obligations, alternative financing in local currency, and stricter fiscal discipline, including possible budget cuts. The debate also praised the newly formed Public Debt and Privatisation Committee while urging greater accountability. Members debated the growing burden of undisbursed loans and commitment fees, urging the Treasury to provide detailed reports and cancel non‑disburseable loans. They advocated for stronger loan pre‑conditions, a sinking fund, and a single Treasury account to improve cash flow, while calling for tighter controls on county borrowing and state‑owned entities. Constructive recommendations were offered alongside sharp criticism of current debt‑management practices. Hon. Johana Kipyegon warned that soaring land prices are driving a housing crisis and expanding slums, and presented the Affordable Housing Programme with a request for Ksh6 billion in supplementary funding to deliver 100 units per constituency. The Speaker repeatedly intervened, insisting the statement be read verbatim and limiting any debate, highlighting procedural tension. The exchange underscored the need for government land, local involvement and financing to bridge a deficit of over 2 million homes.

Senators criticised chronic power outages, high electricity tariffs and alleged mismanagement at Kenya Power, linking these issues to reduced investment and public hardship. They called for greater investment in renewable energy, improved infrastructure, and reforms such as portable metering tokens. The debate combined strong criticism with constructive proposals for policy and funding changes. Sen. Githuku highlighted chronic electricity shortages on Faza Island in Lamu County, urging the government to connect the area to the national grid and address the economic impact on fishermen. The remainder of the sitting focused on procedural matters, including statements on village elder remuneration, Kenya’s participation in the Open Government Partnership, and a request for a statement on Narok County earth‑moving equipment tenders. The debate combined concern over service delivery with routine parliamentary business. Senators highlighted the severe impact of recurring power outages on households, businesses and health, urging that Kenya Power be held accountable and compensated for damages. They called for legislative action to allow mini‑grids, county‑level generation and competition to break Kenya Power's monopoly. The debate combined criticism of the current provider with constructive proposals for regulatory reform and alternative energy solutions.

Hon. Ali Raso briefed the House on the upcoming post‑Cotonou EU‑ACP partnership, highlighting its implications for trade, governance and human‑rights cooperation. He also emphasized Kenya’s maritime security challenges, climate‑change impacts on resource‑based conflicts, and concerns about cohesion within the OACPS, especially following South Africa’s withdrawal. The speech was largely informational with calls for unified regional action. Members debated the tension between Western values and African cultural norms, emphasizing that LGBTQ rights are not compatible with Kenya's constitution. The discussion also called for greater African economic integration, including a common currency, and criticized perceived EU interference in regional affairs. While some speakers praised the report and parliamentary cooperation, others highlighted political fear and the need for institutional memory. Hon. Kassait Kamket complained that the Departmental Committee on Environment, Forestry and Mining failed to invite him to discuss a Kenya Forest Service recruitment issue affecting his constituency, expressing frustration at the perceived casual handling. Several members raised procedural points of order concerning the timing and format of committee responses to questions, while Hon. Wanami Wamboka delivered a status statement on the dire financial condition of public universities, prompting clarification on whether it was a committee report or a personal statement. The sitting highlighted both constituency grievances and procedural debates within the House.

Senators repeatedly highlighted the long‑standing failure to pay pensions to teachers who retired between 1997 and 2007, stressing the resulting poverty, health problems and loss of economic contribution. They urged the government to release the Ksh 3.3 billion owed, address delocalisation disputes and hold the Teachers Service Commission accountable, while also taking a moment to honour women leaders in the Senate. Sen. Cherarkey welcomed the Bungoma County Assembly members, praised their role as the first line of defence for citizens and pledged Senate support, while condemning the Salaries and Remuneration Commission for under‑resourcing and discriminating against MCAs. He also thanked Bungoma for backing President Ruto and outlined forthcoming development initiatives. Sen. Mundigi echoed the appreciation for MCAs, highlighted the current hunger crisis and called for adequate funding and respect for their work. The session featured commendations for Dr. Susan Koech’s appointment as the first female Deputy Governor of the Central Bank, followed by the tabling of several Auditor General reports on county finances and a motion to hold Senate plenary and committee sittings in counties each September. Senators also marked International Women’s Day, highlighting technology’s role in advancing gender equality, and a request was made for a statement on Kenya’s National Determined Contributions. The overall tone combined constructive praise with routine procedural debate and mild tension.

The Joint Parliamentary Committee reviewed the nomination of Dr. Susan for Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Kenya, outlining her extensive banking experience, academic credentials, and compliance clearances. Members highlighted the need for strong regulation of emerging financial technologies such as digital lenders, cryptocurrencies and forex trading, and urged the House to approve her appointment, noting the significance of her selection on International Women’s Day. Members voiced strong support for constitutional amendments to entrench the NG‑CDF and create an oversight fund for Senators, arguing these steps would improve development funding and accountability. They also endorsed reforms to achieve the two‑thirds gender rule, require Cabinet Secretaries to answer questions directly in the House, and establish an Office of the Leader of the Official Opposition. The overall tone was constructive, emphasizing enhanced representation and oversight. Hon. Kenneth Tungule praised the motion to constitutionally entrench the NG‑CDF and related funds, arguing they protect vital development projects and bursaries, especially for vulnerable regions like Ganze. He also supported the Senate Oversight Fund, the proposal for Cabinet Secretaries to answer parliamentary questions directly, and the establishment of a funded Office of the Leader of the Official Opposition, while expressing concerns about the Supreme Court’s expanded definition of gender affecting the two‑thirds gender rule.

The debate began with Hon. Thuddeus Nzambia urging the House to lower the age threshold for pension payouts to rural elders, highlighting registration gaps and perceived discrimination. The discussion then shifted to Hon. Beatrice Elachi’s motion on the Export Processing Zones, outlining funding shortfalls, supply‑chain constraints, and the need for policy reforms such as a 20% local‑content waiver to boost employment and industrial growth. Both sections combined constructive proposals with criticism of existing shortcomings. Members highlighted the role of Export Processing Zones in generating revenue and creating jobs, especially for women and youth, and called for expanded support and funding. They linked the EPZ agenda to broader gender‑parity goals and the need to absorb National Youth Service graduates into productive employment. Concerns were raised about COVID‑19 disruptions and market access, but the overall tone was constructive and forward‑looking. Members voiced strong support for a motion to expand Export Processing Zones (EPZs) nationwide, arguing that EPZs will create jobs, add value to local products and stimulate small‑medium enterprises. They linked EPZ development to education reforms, urging integration with the competency‑based curriculum and government procurement such as uniform production. The debate called on the new government to adopt the motion into policy and budgetary commitments.

Members debated amending the Constitution to entrench the NG‑CDF, with strong support for its role in funding education but concerns about past court challenges. Divergent views were expressed on creating an Office of the Leader of the Official Opposition and allowing Cabinet Secretaries to answer questions directly, citing potential confusion and impact on committee work. Additional discussion touched on gender representation and greater ministerial engagement in parliamentary proceedings. The debate centered on a procedural dispute over the authority to alter committee memberships, with the Minority invoking constitutional and standing‑order arguments and the Majority emphasizing procedural fairness and a proposed framework for committee attendance. Both sides expressed willingness to cooperate, though tensions over perceived stalling and control were evident. The Speaker urged the parties to liaise and resolve the issue through the Committee on Selection. Members voiced urgent concerns about deteriorating food security, citing incidents of children queuing for meals and rising food prices, and called for decisive government action and support for agricultural initiatives. The debate also highlighted serious allegations of extra‑judicial killings, forced disappearances, and human‑rights violations, urging legislative and security reforms. Overall, the tone combined criticism of current conditions with constructive appeals for policy measures.

Senators criticised the current narrow focus on a few cash and food crops, urging diversification into cashew nuts, sorghum, sunflower and other products to boost revenue and address food scarcity. They highlighted high import prices for staples and the need for supportive policies such as free sanitary towels. The debate combined frustration with existing policies and constructive proposals for a broader agricultural strategy. Senators debated a Bill aimed at ensuring host communities receive a fair share of revenues from natural resources such as oil, gold, sand and tourism assets. They highlighted chronic neglect and unequal distribution in counties like Marsabit, Turkana and Busia, urging comprehensive resource mapping and a transparent benefit‑sharing framework. The speakers expressed strong support for the Bill while condemning current exploitation practices that marginalise local populations. Sen. (Dr.) Khalwale advocated for a structured sharing framework for mineral wealth, emphasizing the inclusion of landowners in areas where gold has been adjudicated. He criticised successive governments for failing to develop the gold sector and warned that mismanagement of resources can become a curse, while urging fairness to host communities. Other senators offered brief commendations and the temporary speaker supported the bill’s fairness provisions.

Members debated the nomination of Hon. Shadrack Mose as Solicitor‑General, with several MPs expressing support and procedural motions to conclude the discussion. The debate then shifted to an urgent adjournment motion highlighting escalating banditry and insecurity in the North Rift, citing displaced families, burnt schools, loss of livestock, and alleged complicity of some political figures. MPs called for stronger government action and accountability of the security forces. Members debated extending the time limits for reviewing the Budget Supplementary Estimates and the 2023 Debt Management Strategy, citing the need for thorough scrutiny given Kenya’s high public debt. A motion was also moved and seconded to approve Shadrack John Mose as Solicitor‑General after a detailed vetting report. Procedural motions were put and agreed without extensive debate, reflecting a largely procedural but concerned tone. Members debated a petition to broaden hardship-area criteria for teachers, emphasizing a national rather than constituency‑specific approach. The House also addressed a motion noting the Kenya delegation's report to the Inter‑Parliamentary Union and, notably, a request to adjourn to discuss escalating insecurity and cross‑border incursions in the North Rift counties. Procedural exchanges continued with acknowledgments of school visits and routine question periods.

Senators discussed a resource‑benefit sharing Bill, urging effective mechanisms to ensure local communities profit from natural resource extraction and receive capacity‑building support. The debate then shifted to a motion on the Supreme Court’s ruling recognizing LGBTQ association rights, with a senator vehemently opposing the decision on moral and religious grounds. Senators raised alarm over the departure of nurses to the United States and the low remuneration of clinicians, urging the Salaries and Remuneration Commission to review health sector salaries. They called for parliamentary oversight, including summoning the Health Cabinet Secretary, and highlighted related issues such as clinical officer qualifications, CHV pay, and the effects of devolution on service delivery. The debate blended criticism of current policies with constructive proposals for reform. The Senate addressed several matters, including a commitment by Sen. Methu to act within seven days on human‑wildlife conflict in Makueni, and Sen. Tabitha Keroche’s request for a statement on the resettlement of informal settlers in Kasarani and Elburgon. A notable portion of the sitting involved a point‑of‑order debate over Senator Chimera’s attire, with the Speaker ultimately ruling the dress acceptable. The session also featured procedural reminders and brief remarks supporting the statements.

Members raised concerns about restricted access to the Continental House, prompting the Chairperson of Development Issues to assure that the gate will be reopened with security staff. The House then proceeded to the second reading of the Supplementary Appropriation Bill, with members emphasizing the need to prioritize production, especially across the agricultural value chain, and to invest in infrastructure to support economic growth. Members debated the high cost of electricity, emphasizing demand‑side growth and comparing Kenya's capacity to other countries, and argued for a debt benchmark tied to GDP rather than a fixed ceiling, noting recent reductions in the fiscal deficit. The Speaker then guided the House through procedural matters concerning amendments to the Supplementary Appropriation Bill, including fund reallocations and clarification of clause changes. The sitting focused on procedural business, including the laying of papers and motions to approve the appointment of Hon. Shadrack John Mose as Solicitor‑General and to note the Kenya delegation’s report to the Pan‑African Parliament. A serious concern was raised by Hon. Njeri Maina regarding the alleged murder of two brothers by members of the Nyumba Kumi initiative, prompting a request for a statement from the relevant committee. The session also featured procedural exchanges about questions for the Cabinet Secretary for Education.

Members highlighted that many elderly citizens remain unregistered for the cash‑transfer programme, urging continuous and automatic registration at age 65+. They called for higher, timely payments and suggested allocating part of the grant to NHIF coverage, while also raising concerns about security and fraud against beneficiaries. The motion received broad support, with calls for the budget committee to allocate funds promptly. Hon. Samuel Atandi alleged that the government’s failure to provide basic services to the elderly amounts to a form of killing, prompting the Temporary Speaker to repeatedly demand that he substantiate the claim or withdraw it. Hon. Wanjiku Muhia and the Speaker urged more diplomatic language, leading to a heated exchange over parliamentary decorum and accountability. The debate centered on the welfare of older Kenyans and the government's responsibility for their health and safety. Members highlighted shortcomings in Kenya's elderly cash‑transfer scheme and urged the House to raise the eligibility age to 70, increase the stipend and allocate sufficient budget. They called for a single digital registry and streamlined, technology‑driven disbursement to avoid duplication and fingerprint failures. The debate was constructive but underscored significant implementation challenges.

Senators discussed urgent security concerns for the Rendille children, urging military deployment without further parliamentary approval, while procedural matters such as statements and motions were noted. The main substantive debate focused on the Natural Resources (Benefit Sharing) Bill, which seeks to allocate extractive and renewable resource revenues between national, county and local communities. Additional requests were made regarding the Kisumu‑Chemelil‑Muhoroni road and pending county bills. The Senate afternoon sitting began with the quorum call and welcomed a delegation of 40 Karatina University political science students and a Vihiga County Assembly delegation. Senators praised youth engagement and inter‑governmental cooperation while expressing concern over the Salaries and Remuneration Commission's reduction of MCAs' salaries and additional tax on car grants. A brief point of order was raised to acknowledge the MCAs present in the gallery. Senators debated a point of order concerning whether nominated senators can vote on behalf of county delegations, with Sen. Cherarkey invoking constitutional articles and the Majority Whip’s stance. Nominated senators, led by Sen. Orwoba and Sen. Mungatana, expressed frustration over the lack of delegated voting rights and called for constitutional review to enable all senators to vote. The Temporary Speaker facilitated the procedural exchanges and indicated a forthcoming ruling.

The debate focused on Kenya's fiscal situation, highlighting the large budget deficit and the need to curb borrowing while questioning the high cost and inappropriate use of debt for recurrent expenditures. Speakers compared Kenya's debt‑to‑GDP ratio with that of advanced economies, noting the impact of global factors such as the Ukraine‑Russia war, supply‑chain disruptions and US interest‑rate hikes on Kenya's inflation and investment climate. Members debated the Supplementary Estimates, focusing on tightening regulations for Article 223 expenditures and addressing inflation through both monetary and physical channels. Hon. Ndindi Nyoro highlighted the need for fertilizer and fuel subsidies to boost agricultural production and urged tighter controls on pending road bills, while also noting concerns over budget overruns and fiscal discipline. Members debated the need for a comprehensive constitutional review, urging the entrenchment and expanded mandate of the NG‑CDF and addressing the two‑thirds gender rule. They also raised broader reforms such as including presidential runners‑up in Parliament, reconsidering the system of government, and tackling the cost‑of‑living crisis.

Senators debated the motion to appoint Johnson Muthama as a Commissioner of the Public Service Commission, emphasizing his extensive legislative experience, business background, and the need for impartial service. They also highlighted ongoing issues with parliamentary office infrastructure and internet connectivity, urging swift approval to fully constitute the PSC. The Senate debated the 2023 Budget Policy Statement, with the Finance Committee presenting recommendations and members highlighting issues such as the lack of a contract for the MES project, inadequate drought‑mitigation provisions, and arrears in the Equalisation Fund. While some senators criticised the Treasury for ignoring Senate resolutions, others praised its debt‑management strategies, ICT focus and revenue‑collection reforms, urging support for the budget. The discussion combined both constructive endorsement and pointed criticism of implementation gaps. The Senate debate centred on a procedural dispute over the communication of minority leadership changes after a court order from the Political Parties Tribunal halted the Speaker’s intended announcement. The Speaker emphasized adherence to the rule of law and the minority’s request to maintain the status quo pending tribunal determination, while Senators raised points of order and expressed frustration over the aborted communication. The session concluded with a motion to adopt the Finance Committee’s report on the 2023 Budget Policy Statement.

Senator Mungatana moved the Parliamentary Powers and Privileges (Amendment) Bill, arguing it would give the Senate enforceable authority over government officers by imposing fines or jail terms for failure to implement Senate resolutions within 60 days. He highlighted the current delays and lack of consequences for unimplemented motions, and urged support to strengthen legislative oversight and curb executive overreach. The debate focused on procedural reforms to make Senate resolutions binding and accountable. The afternoon Senate sitting attempted to address statements on re‑introducing bank charges for mobile wallets and the non‑remittance of statutory deductions by counties, while also raising concerns about the employment of newly qualified doctors. Procedural hiccups, absent members and off‑record statements led to delays, prompting points of order and frustration, notably over a pending motion on sanitary towels. Senators called on the Finance Committee to investigate arrears and urged the Ministry of Health to employ graduates to curb brain‑drain. The afternoon Senate sitting was marked by procedural disputes, with the Deputy Speaker repeatedly addressing points of order and clarifying adherence to the Order Paper and standing orders. Senators attempted to raise statements on Kenya’s greenhouse‑gas emission targets, the health sector’s doctor shortages and Cuban doctor influx, and alleged banking fraud, but faced interruptions and procedural clarification.

Members raised concerns over the wrongful conviction of a Kenyan teacher in South Sudan and sought a statement on the protection of Kenyan workers abroad. The debate then shifted to a passionate discussion on promoting African clothing and cultural attire in Parliament, urging support for local designers and regional collaboration. Various MPs voiced both procedural points and cultural pride. The debate focused on the re‑allocation of Members to parliamentary committees, with the Chair of the Committee on Selection defending a consensus‑building approach while accusing the Minority of underhanded tactics. Tensions rose as members from both sides exchanged criticisms about fairness, coalition politics and procedural handling of Any Other Business, culminating in a call for a vote on the proposed changes. Hon. Kimani Ichung'wah presented several papers on energy regulations, NG‑CDF funding and audit reports, using the opportunity to highlight recurring corruption linked to Article 223 and past land‑payment scandals. He urged oversight and departmental committees to act decisively to stop the looting of public resources ahead of future elections, calling for greater transparency and accountability. The remarks were met with applause, laughter and brief interjections from other members.

Members highlighted serious shortcomings in Kenya’s public financial management, especially the use of cash‑based accounting that masks pending bills and inflates debt. They urged a swift shift to an accrual reporting system and stronger parliamentary oversight, while also flagging pension payment delays and inefficiencies in specific projects. The debate combined criticism of existing practices with constructive proposals for reform. Members highlighted the stalled Ahero‑Isebania road project due to funding gaps and warned that contractors’ invoices are widening the debt burden. Several MPs criticised the soaring public debt and the disproportionate share of the Consolidated Fund Services expenditures, calling for stronger oversight, an Annual Loans Bill and amendments to the Public Finance Management Act. The debate also touched on pension liabilities, urging verification of pensioner records to curb excessive payouts. Members criticised the lack of autonomy of the Public Debt Management Office and questioned the accuracy of Kenya’s reported debt figures, calling for a forensic audit and stricter adherence to the Debt Management Act. They also urged the government to curb domestic borrowing, review PPP concessions and treat pending bills as part of the nation’s debt obligations. The debate combined sharp criticism with constructive proposals for greater transparency and fiscal discipline.

Members praised the Deputy Speaker before turning to a petition on water scarcity, urging that water resources and funding be devolved to counties and incorporated into NG‑CDF allocations. They highlighted the inadequacy of current statutes, high water costs, and fragmented agencies, and suggested learning from Israel’s water management and consolidating water bodies. The debate combined supportive remarks with clear frustration over the lack of resources and implementation at the county level. The session began with a point of order concerning the right of the Deputy Leader of the Majority Party to request a statement, which was resolved by referring the matter to the Departmental Committee on Education. The debate then shifted to a motion by Hon. Gathoni Wamuchomba advocating for the standardisation of school uniforms to reduce costs and promote equity, highlighting the financial burden of non‑standardised uniforms on vulnerable learners. The discussion combined procedural clarification with a substantive policy proposal on education. Members debated the rising cost of school uniforms, urging the House to standardise uniforms to make them affordable and ensure equal access to education. Contributions highlighted the burden on vulnerable families, the role of local designers, and concerns over monopolistic procurement practices by some schools. The Deputy Speaker also praised initiatives promoting locally made attire.

Senators raised concerns over unresolved land compensation for communities such as the Talai and Mau Mau, urging the government to re‑budget the pledged Ksh10 billion and involve relevant committees. The debate also highlighted allegations of sexual exploitation and dispossession by multinational tea estates, calling for police investigation, while the session was marked by procedural confusion and interruptions among Senate officials. Senators welcomed two groups of secondary school girls on an educational tour, urging them to work hard and recognize their role as current leaders. The session also included a procedural debate on changes to the Senate minority leadership, with points of order and loud consultations. Overall the debate combined constructive encouragement with routine parliamentary contention. Senators highlighted the urgent need to recruit and post qualified teachers for the expanding junior secondary curriculum within primary schools, while also urging the government to allocate more resources to the Teachers Service Commission. They raised concerns about drought‑affected areas and the classification of Arid and Semi‑Arid Lands, and called for greater parliamentary scrutiny of the Competency Based Curriculum and related education policies.

Members debated several constitutional amendment proposals, including allowing Cabinet Secretaries to be cross‑examined in Parliament, while also expressing strong concerns about the rollout of the Competency‑Based Curriculum (CBC). Hon. Kaluma highlighted inadequate infrastructure, teacher shortages and confusion among parents and pupils, urging a thorough review before further implementation. The discussion reflected both support for greater citizen participation and criticism of current education policy execution. Members debated the rollout of the Competency‑Based Curriculum (CBC), with Hon. Peter Kaluma urging a halt or revision due to rushed implementation and adverse effects on poor pupils, while Hon. Julius Melly defended the curriculum, highlighting government efforts to recruit teachers, fund infrastructure and promote equity. The discussion centered on teacher shortages, inadequate facilities, and the need for resources to ensure the CBC’s success across junior secondary schools. Hon. Beatrice Elachi used a personal statement to expose alleged decades‑long sexual abuse of women on tea plantations in Kericho, accusing multinational companies and specific individuals of modern‑day slavery and demanding immediate justice. Hon. Cynthia Muge reinforced the claim, describing the problem as endemic across Kenya, urging implementation of anti‑harassment policies and a thorough parliamentary investigation. The Deputy Speaker facilitated the exchange and referred the matter to the relevant committee for further action.

Senators debated a motion to release a Kshs163 million conditional grant for county headquarters, agricultural inputs and school infrastructure, urging timely and prudent spending. Speakers highlighted delays in Treasury disbursements, food insecurity, drought relief needs, and tensions between county assemblies and governors, while also criticizing political rallies that divert attention from urgent service delivery. Senators voiced frustration over perceived delays and poor communication regarding Standing Orders and the Political Parties Dispute Tribunal, accusing the process of needlessly inflaming the House. They also debated inter‑house dynamics, noting that the Senate feels sidelined by the National Assembly, and discussed party realignments, particularly Jubilee’s shift toward Kenya Kwanza. Procedural issues such as pending court orders and committee papers were also raised. Senators voiced frustration over limited speaking opportunities and accused the Deputy Speaker of breaching Standing Orders, sparking a heated procedural debate. The discussion centered on the definition and role of party whips, the authority of the Senate Business Committee, and the correct application of Standing Orders. While the Deputy Speaker defended the procedures and urged progress, several members continued to challenge the chair’s actions.

Senators debated the delocalisation policy affecting teachers, with Sen. Cherarkey urging the government to allow teachers to be posted to their home counties to protect families and health. The session was marked by procedural interruptions and admonitions about standing‑order compliance, reflecting tension between members. The Senate afternoon session was dominated by the Minority Leader and Senator Olekina raising points of order and questioning the Chair’s handling of minority leadership communications and recent draft standing orders. They expressed concern that the Speaker’s office was over‑reaching into party affairs and highlighted procedural gaps, such as the absence of a minority whip. The Deputy Speaker repeatedly intervened to maintain order and reminded members of standing‑order constraints. Senators clashed over the conduct of the Deputy Speaker and the proper role of the Speaker as an impartial umpire, with the Minority Leader demanding autonomy in choosing its leadership. The debate featured strong remarks about protecting free speech, adherence to the Constitution and Standing Orders, and accusations of partisan interference in Senate affairs. The exchange was marked by heated rhetoric and calls for respect of procedural norms.

Members of the National Assembly debated a constitutional amendment to embed the NG‑CDF and NG‑AAF funds in the Constitution, arguing that this would secure development financing for schools and communities across Kenya. The discussion also covered the two‑thirds gender rule and the need for a Senate Oversight Fund, with speakers urging swift action to ensure equitable resource distribution and greater female representation. Overall, the tone was supportive of the amendments while highlighting implementation challenges. Members debated several constitutional amendments, including anchoring the NG‑CDF and Senate Oversight Fund, the creation of a Leader of the Official Opposition, and the two‑thirds gender rule, emphasizing the need to treat each issue separately. They also discussed procedural reforms such as allowing Cabinet Secretaries to answer questions in the House and improving the speed of parliamentary question handling. While there was agreement on the need for change, concerns about feasibility, constitutional limits, and political motivations created a mixed tone. Hon. Omboko Milemba highlighted several presidential proposals, notably entrenching the NG‑CDF and NG‑AAF in the Constitution and creating a Senate Oversight Fund, while stressing the unresolved two‑thirds gender rule and the need for decisive action. He criticised past failures to achieve gender parity, warned against fear of dissolution, and called for Cabinet Secretaries—especially the Treasury chief—to be summoned to Parliament for accountability. The speech blended frustration with constructive suggestions for procedural reforms and stronger oversight.

Members debated the President’s memorandum proposing constitutional amendments, focusing on gender representation, the NG‑CDF/NG‑AAF funding mechanisms, and the creation of an Office of the Leader of the Official Opposition. Hon. Dorice highlighted women’s issues and supported the motion with minor reservations, while Hon. Mutuse urged committee handling and stressed the need for institutional mechanisms for the opposition. Hon. Mbadi expressed strong opposition to the motion and criticised the majority party’s intentions, adding a confrontational tone. Members highlighted the need to constitutionally anchor key development funds such as the NG‑CDF, Senate Oversight Fund and NGAAF to ensure continuity and accountability, while also calling for a clearly defined Leader of the Opposition to strengthen parliamentary oversight. The debate also addressed the importance of gender representation, noting progress in women’s participation but urging the entrenchment of the two‑thirds gender rule, and emphasized the value of direct cabinet secretary engagement in Parliament for better oversight. Hon. Timothy Kipchumba backs the President’s proposal to amend the Constitution to guarantee a 33% women quota, entrench key development funds and create an official leader of opposition, urging a sunset clause and a referendum. Hon. Maalim Farah reflects on past constitutional reforms, cautions against political expediency, and stresses the need for careful deliberation on governance structures, devolution and the amendment process.

Senators debated a petition urging the establishment of football academies in every county to nurture talent, and raised alarms over fraudulent recruitment schemes targeting young Kenyans, calling for a Ministry of Labour crackdown. The Speaker referred the petitions to the Standing Committee on Labour and Social Welfare and welcomed a Busia County Assembly delegation, offering condolences for a deceased staff member. Senators highlighted the plight of unemployed youth seeking work abroad, urging tighter regulation of recruitment agents and faster action by the Committee on Labour and Social Welfare. They also called for greater investment and coordination in sports, especially football, to nurture talent and consolidate tournaments. While expressing concern over mismanagement, they advocated constructive measures to address both employment and sports development. Senators debated a procedural motion to limit the duration of debates on motions not sponsored by the majority or minority parties, with the majority whip introducing the motion and several members supporting it. The discussion also highlighted a petition alleging fraud by the First Choice Recruitment and Consultancy Agency that affected over 500 people, urging accountability from oversight bodies and the Senate Business Committee.

The Temporary Speaker clarified that the President's memorandum is not a motion, prompting a general debate on its constitutionality, the two‑thirds gender rule, and the establishment of an Office of the Leader of Opposition. Members voiced criticism of procedural lapses, lack of accountability of cabinet secretaries, and the marginalisation of opposition voices, while also urging reforms to achieve gender parity and strengthen parliamentary oversight. Members debated a suite of constitutional amendments, including entrenching the NG‑CDF, NG‑AAF and a Senate Oversight Fund, and allowing Cabinet Secretaries to appear before Parliament to answer questions. The discussion featured criticism of the former Lands Ministry secretary over missing files and highlighted procedural reforms such as gender‑balance requirements and the establishment of an Office of the Leader of Opposition. While there was support for the proposals, the tone was tempered by concerns over past mismanagement and the need for proper motions. Members highlighted the benefits of NG‑CDF projects such as the Kiharu Masomo Bora programme while expressing frustration over delayed disbursements from the Treasury and calling for stronger oversight mechanisms, including a Senate Oversight Fund. The debate also touched on broader constitutional issues like the two‑thirds gender rule, the office of the Leader of the Official Opposition, and the need for a strong state bureaucracy to support democracy and economic growth.

Senators debated the enforcement of order in the chamber, with criticism of perceived intimidation and partisan bias, particularly regarding the Jubilee party's representation and committee appointments. Concerns were raised about the quality of education under the CBC curriculum and the need for realistic recommendations from the President's special committee. The Division of Revenue Bill and the proper parliamentary process for allocating funds between national and devolved governments were also highlighted. Senators debated the legitimacy of the Senate Business Committee (SBC) list, with Sen. Dullo alleging it was doctored and Sen. Khalwale demanding clarification and adherence to standing orders. The Speaker reiterated procedural rules, while Sen. Dullo called for inclusive, non‑discriminatory conduct and warned against ageist and partisan intimidation. Senators welcomed a delegation from Uganda, praised recent legislative achievements such as the IEBC amendment and increased county revenue allocations, and offered condolences for the death of senior research officer Wellington Namenge. The Speaker also reported the President’s nominations to the National Climate Change Council, outlining the procedural basis for the appointments. The session combined cordial hospitality, commendations, solemn remembrance, and procedural business.

The session focused on presidential messages proposing the creation of an Office of the Leader of the Official Opposition and enhanced parliamentary oversight of the executive, including allowing Cabinet Secretaries to answer questions on the floor. The House considered several presidential nominations, notably for the National Climate Change Council and the Solicitor‑General, and approved motions appointing members to the Parliamentary Service Commission and the House Business Committee. Procedural motions and referrals to relevant committees dominated the debate. The Speaker opened the second session of the 13th Parliament, highlighting the brief first session’s achievements and outlining the reconstitution of sessional committees. He provided procedural guidance on the special motion to appoint a new male Parliamentary Service Commissioner and reiterated security protocols for members. The Speaker also relayed the President’s message urging constitutional amendments for gender inclusivity and the creation of several development and oversight funds. Members highlighted the need to reconvene the Committee on Selection to reorganise committee memberships for the new session and to ensure the House runs efficiently. Hon. Opiyo Wandayi also raised urgent concerns about the chaos surrounding the Competency‑Based Curriculum in schools, urging parliamentary intervention. The sitting concluded with the adoption of the House Business Committee agenda and adjournment.

Senators debated a bill aimed at reforming election law and the composition of the body overseeing elections, urging broader stakeholder involvement and non‑partisan representation. Several members highlighted the need to balance slots among the Public Service Commission, Parliamentary Service Commission, religious groups and political parties, while also calling for clearer criteria and inclusivity for smaller parties. The discussion was constructive but underscored frustrations with past legislative handling and perceived partisan biases. Senators debated the role of the Law Society of Kenya in the selection panel for IEBC commissioners, with some urging increased representation and others defending the current arrangement. Procedural points of order were raised about standing order amendments, voting rights, and the allocation of slots to the Parliamentary Service Commission for majority and minority sides. The discussion was punctuated by humor and calls to conclude business within the allotted time. The Senate convened a special hybrid sitting to accommodate members on official overseas business, introduced and welcomed newly elected Senator William Kipkemoi Kisang’, and laid the Standing Committee on Justice’s report on the IEBC Amendment Bill. Procedural guidelines for virtual participation were outlined, followed by brief congratulatory remarks praising the new senator’s prior committee leadership.

The Senate afternoon sitting was dominated by procedural disputes, including a senator’s failure to properly activate his camera and questions about dress code, as well as objections to two delegations voting while seated. Points of order were raised over Standing Order No.88, the chair overruled some challenges, and the division vote proceeded amid the controversy. Senators debated amendments to a bill on committee composition, urging broader inclusion of persons with disabilities, youth, and diverse religious groups, as well as a nominee from the Public Service Commission. Several members opposed the changes, warning of possible unrest and emphasizing the need for proper representation, while procedural motions and a roll‑call vote were conducted. The discussion combined constructive suggestions with strong opposition, reflecting a mixed tone. Senators debated an amendment concerning the composition of the Parliamentary Service Commission, with the majority urging adherence to Article 127 and concerns raised about legal challenges and minority representation. The session featured procedural disputes over voting, camera usage, and points of order, alongside remarks on the IEBC and public service recruitment. Tensions were evident but the debate remained focused on constitutional and procedural matters.