Sittings

The session was marked by a contentious exchange over an alleged threat made by Sen. Veronica Maina towards Sen. Sifuna, leading to repeated admonishments by the Speaker. Amidst the procedural tension, Senators delivered statements praising the International Swahili Language Day and highlighting its continental significance. The debate also shifted to concerns about the deteriorating ferry services on the Likoni corridor and the need for improved safety measures. Senator Mungatana advocated for a new law to harmonise and digitise trade licences across all 47 districts, arguing it would ease movement for traders from Tana River and curb harassment and corruption. He praised the initiative but highlighted gaps, such as lack of penalties for non‑compliant licensing authorities, and called for swift passage. The session was later adjourned due to lack of quorum. Sen. (Dr.) Khalwale advocated for the proposed licensing Bill, arguing it will simplify business procedures, ensure equity, transparency and uniform fees across counties. He also criticised current governance shortcomings, citing corruption, inconsistent licensing, and underperformance of some governors, while urging better accountability and learning from devolution models abroad.

The Senate considered two petitions: one concerning historical land injustices and marginalisation of the Torobeek community, and another on alleged discrimination against health workers over unpaid service allowances. Senators highlighted procedural delays, called for expedited investigations by the National Land Commission and the Gender and Equality Commission, and urged accountability for the Ministry of Health. The debate was largely constructive but underscored significant grievances and calls for remedial action. Sen. Cherarkey used the floor to question the value of elections and warned against dividing the Konza Technopolis Bill, which he described as a ‘baby’ that must be protected, even offering pro‑bono legal help to the National Assembly. Sen. Mandogo strongly supported the same Bill, arguing it will regulate data transfers, recover lost revenue from digital platforms and act as an enabler for youth start‑ups, urging members to avoid divisive tactics. Both speakers called for the Bill’s passage while expressing broader concerns about political processes. Senators Orwoba and Maina highlighted the chronic under‑funding and lack of autonomy of the Victim Protection Board, stressing its failure to support victims of gender‑based violence and protest‑related abuses. They also urged recognition and compensation for historical injustices, including the marginalisation of the Torobeek community and the legacy of freedom fighters. Both called on the Committee on Justice, Legal Affairs and Human Rights to expedite reports and implement a Victims’ Rights Charter and protection fund.

The Senate could not achieve the required quorum despite two rounds of the quorum bell, leading the Speaker to adjourn the afternoon sitting until the following day. The session was formally closed and later resumed briefly before being adjourned again.

The Senate morning sitting on 19 July 2023 could not achieve a quorum despite multiple attempts to ring the quorum bell. The Speaker declared the session adjourned until 2:30 p.m. later that day.

The Senate formally welcomed a delegation from Busia County Assembly and proceeded to lay several Auditor‑General reports on the financial statements of county hospitals and empowerment funds. Sen. Mungatana then delivered a detailed report on the African Union’s observation mission to Sierra Leone’s recent elections, noting overall peaceful conduct but also isolated violence and the impact of misinformation. The session was largely procedural and courteous. Senators debated a Bill to repeal the 2003 Persons with Disabilities Act and introduce comprehensive provisions, urging national and county governments to ensure equal access to services for PWDs. The discussion highlighted the role of road accidents in creating disabilities, praised Sen. Crystal Asige’s advocacy, and recognized community and faith‑based support for PWDs, while noting procedural hiccups in moving the motion. The Speaker welcomed Senators back from recess, highlighted the heavy legislative workload with numerous bills, motions and petitions pending, and urged timely participation by party whips and committee chairs. He conveyed messages from the National Assembly regarding the passage of the Public Finance Management (Amendment) Bill and the County Government's Additional Allocations Bill, requesting Senate co‑sponsorship. The session emphasized procedural coordination to expedite the backlog.

Members debated the Universities Regulations 2023, warning against using subsidiary legislation to amend the Universities Act and urging thorough review. The Kenya Open University was broadly supported as a cost‑effective, e‑learning solution to expand higher education access, especially post‑COVID. However, concerns were raised about exam integrity and the need for robust safeguards in online assessments. Members debated the Consolidated Fund Service report, highlighting inconsistencies in Treasury’s debt‑mix figures and the heavy reliance on domestic borrowing that raises interest costs. They also raised concerns about long‑standing pension payments to retirees from the 1960s and called for stricter oversight of public debt and expenditure. While criticism dominated, there were brief acknowledgments of the President’s anti‑corruption stance. Members debated the establishment of a charter for the Open University of Kenya, highlighting its potential to expand access to higher education for remote and disadvantaged learners. They noted challenges such as network reliability, data costs, and limited course offerings, while urging inclusion of programmes like data science, cyber security, and health promotion. Overall, the discussion was supportive of the initiative despite procedural interruptions.

Members raised concerns over the jurisdiction and funding of the North Rift water project, questioning why the agency was restructured and how the benefits will reach communities in Soy, Endebess and Kiminini. The Cabinet Secretary outlined the allocated Ksh600 million out of a Ksh2 billion cost and assured that design coverage will be honoured, while urging Parliament to consider additional funding for future variations. The exchange combined criticism of perceived mis‑management with constructive discussion of project implementation. During the afternoon sitting, several MPs raised points of order demanding clearer, written responses from the Cabinet Secretary on unresolved land title issues and the implementation of commission recommendations. The Temporary Speaker reiterated procedural rules about supplementary questions and instructed that answers be formally submitted to the House. The debate highlighted ongoing frustrations over delayed land administration matters. Members raised concerns over delayed land compensation, the fire‑damaged Awasi Lands Office, the dilapidated Public Works Sports Club, and unpaid Kazi Mtaani project payments. The Cabinet Secretary gave undertakings to improve the sports club, allocate a supplementary Ksh1.2 billion for Kazi Mtaani wages, and follow up on compensation, titling and office reconstruction. The exchange reflected both criticism of current shortcomings and promises of remedial action.

Members debated the urgent need for a coherent policy and adequate funding for Junior Secondary Schools (JSS) under the CBC system, highlighting gaps in curriculum delivery, resource shortages, and inconsistent capitation use. They also raised concerns about low KCSE pass rates, unequal school costs, teacher allowance disparities, and the broader impact on youth unemployment and social ills. The discussion combined criticism of current shortcomings with calls for concrete legislative and ministerial action. Members highlighted serious shortcomings in the implementation of the Junior Secondary School (JSS) programme, including inadequate classrooms, insufficient teacher training, and delayed funding. They called for a clear policy and funding framework, leveraging NG‑CDF resources and amending the Basic Education Act to ensure proper curriculum and staffing. While criticism was prominent, there was broad support for the motion to improve JSS delivery nationwide. Members debated the challenges facing junior secondary schools under the new CBC system, highlighting inadequate infrastructure, teacher shortages, and the financial burden of learning aids on parents. They called for clearer policies, increased funding, and alignment with Article 53’s guarantee of free basic education, while also addressing procedural matters such as speaking time limits. The tone combined criticism of current implementation with constructive proposals for reform.

The debate centered on the nomination of Dr. Phyllis Wambui Wagacha for a senior commission, with members contesting her eligibility based on age and the conduct of the Public Service Commission in forwarding her name. While some MPs defended the nominee's competence and argued against age discrimination, others criticized the PSC's processes and called for stricter adherence to retirement norms. Procedural motions and points of order also featured throughout the discussion. Members of the National Assembly voiced strong support for ratifying the Bamako Convention to ban the import of hazardous and radioactive waste, condemning the practice of foreign countries using Africa as a dumping ground and highlighting its health impacts. They called for concrete implementation measures, enforcement mechanisms and urged the executive to use the convention as a tool to protect Kenya’s environment and public health. The debate combined criticism of external waste dumping with constructive proposals for legislative action. Members highlighted longstanding grievances over inadequate compensation for land acquired for infrastructure projects in Jomvu, Taita Taveta and other constituencies, urging the Public Petitions Committee to produce a swift report. They praised the appointment of a new National Land Commission CEO while sharply criticizing the perceived ineptitude of the KeNHA Director General and delays in funding. The debate combined calls for justice with pointed criticism of administrative shortcomings.

The session began with a point of order and a brief exchange of personal remarks, including an accusation of missing spectacles. The bulk of the debate focused on the Mung Beans Bill, with senators urging its passage to boost agricultural production, support disadvantaged counties, and open local and international markets. The speakers highlighted the farmer‑centred design of the Bill and the need for national government support. Senators urged the Senate to adopt a compensation programme for victims of terrorism, bomb blasts and families of fallen security personnel, citing past neglect of war veterans and recent tragic incidents. The motion, championed by Sen. Kavindu Muthama, was supported with personal testimonies and calls for the Attorney General to administer the scheme. The debate highlighted the need to operationalise the long‑standing Victims of Crime Act to address these gaps. Senators debated a motion urging the government to finally compensate victims of the 1998 US embassy bomb blast, citing personal stories of loss and long‑standing neglect. The discussion highlighted the moral duty to support survivors and families, while also urging broader policies for other harms such as wildlife‑related injuries. Calls were made for swift action and recognition of past sacrifices.

The House deferred a vote on regulations intended to fund peacekeepers and related personnel, and then moved to discuss an urgent matter of insecurity in Lamu County. Hon. Bernard Kitur condemned recent terror attacks, highlighted the humanitarian impact on displaced residents, and urged the government to accelerate security support, land demarcation and development initiatives in the region. Members unanimously backed the Motion to establish a National Peace Support Operations Fund, arguing that modern equipment and financial support are essential for Kenyan troops deployed on peace missions and for their families. They highlighted Kenya's reputation in African peacekeeping, urged that the fund be ring‑fenced and managed transparently, and called for improved living conditions for soldiers. The sitting began with quorum procedures and the Speaker relaying the Senate's message on the Economic and Social Rights Bill, directing its first reading. A notable exchange ensued over Hon. G.G. Kagombe's headgear and claimed religious affiliation, leading the Speaker to rule him out of order and ask him to change his attire. The session also included the laying of papers from the Departmental Committee on Lands and the Public Debt and Privatisation Committee.

Sen. Cherarkey raised a point of order to challenge Sen. Faki’s statement accusing the media and police of incitement, urging the Speaker to strike parts of the record; the Speaker directed the matter to a select committee for further consideration. Sen. Faki then shifted focus to the drug problem in Mombasa, linking it to rising crime and calling for stronger security action, while other senators made procedural interventions. The debate was largely procedural, with disagreements over language and referrals to committee work. Senators debated the need for stronger oversight of county finances, highlighting widespread non‑compliance with the 65:35 development‑recurrent expenditure rule and instances of funds paid out without project completion. While some members praised the motion to scrutinise county accounts and urged governors to improve service delivery, others criticised the high recurrent spending and alleged diversion of development funds to relief supplies. The discussion underscored the Senate’s role in holding county executives accountable before recess. The Senate addressed the growing drug problem on the coast, with Sen. Faki calling for tougher enforcement, expanded treatment centres and stigma‑reduction measures, while Sen. Mundigi criticised his remarks as a waste of time. The chamber then proceeded to the second reading of the Start‑Up Bill, emphasizing technology’s potential for economic growth. Procedural points of order were raised throughout the sitting.

The sitting began with procedural remarks and a warm welcome to school groups visiting the chamber, highlighted by speeches praising school performance. The debate shifted when Hon. Sabina Chege delivered a personal statement describing a physical attack she suffered, alleging intimidation of the Jubilee Party and calling for respect, legal redress, and reconciliation. The session combined courteous acknowledgments with serious concerns about parliamentary decorum and political violence. The House rejected the appointment of Dr Phyllis Wambui Wagacha to the Salaries and Remuneration Commission and welcomed a group of secondary school students to the chamber. The bulk of the debate centred on amendments to the Public Debt Management Bill, including the removal of a clause that would have the Treasury advise Parliament and the establishment of a 55 % of GDP debt ceiling with a five‑year transition and a ±5 % flexibility margin. The National Assembly adopted the Departmental Committee report and approved the ratification of the Kigali Amendments to the Montreal Protocol, noting its consistency with the Constitution and the Climate Change Act. Members highlighted the amendment’s potential to secure financial and technical support, create jobs, and protect Kenya’s environment, while affirming that proper public participation and treaty procedures were followed. The debate underscored Kenya’s commitment to the global climate agenda and the benefits of joining the international network.

Senators debated the impeachment of Deputy Governor William Oduol, focusing on allegations of procurement interference and whether his conduct meets the constitutional threshold for a gross violation. The discussion referenced past impeachment cases, constitutional provisions on devolution, and procedural challenges with the electronic voting system. Members expressed both political criticism and calls for adherence to legal standards. Senators debated a special committee report on the Siaya Deputy Governor, focusing on procurement irregularities from 2022 and the constitutional duties of a deputy governor. The discussion highlighted procedural compliance with the report, the need for clear county‑level committee oversight, and accusations of misconduct versus the governor’s support. Members called for adherence to the County Governments Act and emphasized accountability and integrity in public office. Senators debated a report on the possible impeachment of Siaya Deputy Governor Dr. William Oduol, with some members questioning his commitment to collective responsibility and others defending him as a victim of political maneuvering. The discussion featured procedural challenges, accusations of rumor‑mongering, and calls for the Senate to base its decision on substantive evidence. Votes were split, highlighting division over the report’s credibility and the broader issue of deputy‑governor accountability.

Hon. Kibagendi presented a statement urging a people‑centred, rights‑based approach to drug policy and called for parliamentary support of NACADA’s awareness activities, which the Speaker praised. The remainder of the sitting focused on the Public Finance Management (Amendment) Bill, debating a shift from an absolute debt ceiling to a 55% debt‑anchor threshold and highlighting concerns over Kenya’s rising public debt and fiscal deficit. Members of the National Assembly voiced strong support for a petition calling for improved road infrastructure, emphasizing the need for better budgeting, maintenance, and planning to deliver complete, accident‑free roads. They also criticised the poor follow‑up of petitions and highlighted the importance of addressing unfinished projects, while welcoming school delegations to Parliament. The National Assembly approved the appointment of Salome Wairimu Muhia‑Beacco as Principal Secretary for the State Department for Correctional Services after a vetting process, with members highlighting her qualifications and urging greater female representation in senior roles. A point of order was used to report the full disbursement of the NG‑AAF and significant progress on NG‑CDF allocations, noting only June’s county payments remain pending. The sitting also featured routine procedural motions and brief light‑hearted interjections.

Senators debated the Mung Beans Bill, highlighting the crop’s potential to boost food security, generate income for farmers and reduce reliance on maize. They cited examples of successful harvests, condemned exploitative brokers, and called for research, extension services and market development to promote mung beans across counties. The discussion emphasized agricultural diversification and the need for supportive policy and infrastructure. Senators raised concerns over overdue petitions, urging committees to meet the 60‑day statutory timelines and calling for expedited action before a short recess. The Senate Business Committee announced new procedures for scheduling questions to cabinet secretaries, limiting the number of ministers appearing per sitting. A petition from Nyandarua Integrated IDPs was read, highlighting delays in compensation and land allocation for victims of post‑election violence. Senators Ogola and Munyi Mundigi voiced strong support for the Mung Beans Bill, highlighting its potential to boost farmer incomes, improve nutrition through school feeding programmes, and create local and export markets. They emphasized the need for government provision of inputs, irrigation, extension services, and a national policy to guide implementation. Overall, the debate was constructive and focused on the bill’s developmental benefits.

The House moved to reduce the publication period for the Supplementary Appropriation (No.2) Bill from seven days to one and proceeded to read the Bill a second time, highlighting a net reduction of Ksh24 billion in the FY 2022/23 budget. Members discussed shifting funds from development to recurrent expenditure, particularly to support junior secondary teachers, and raised concerns about chronic under‑estimation of Appropriations‑in‑Aid and low absorption of foreign‑funded projects, urging tighter fiscal discipline to curb borrowing. The debate was largely procedural and focused on fiscal prudence and budgetary adjustments. The session focused on procedural motions to report and approve several budget‑related bills, including the Equalisation Fund Appropriation Bill, County Allocation of Revenue Bill, Supplementary Appropriation (No.2) Bill and the main Appropriation Bill. Members moved, seconded and voted to read the bills a third time, with the Temporary Speaker overseeing the process and occasional light‑hearted remarks about bowing. The debates were largely procedural with minimal substantive disagreement. Members criticised the slow implementation of donor‑funded projects, citing procurement rules, land‑acquisition delays and excessive consultancy costs, and called for faster Treasury procedures. They supported the Supplementary Appropriation Bill to fund education, settle contractor payments and complete pending infrastructure, while urging that PAC findings on misappropriation be reflected in budget allocations. The debate also highlighted specific constituency projects, such as the Jomvu‑Madafuni road, and warned against corruption and misuse of funds.

Members debated the Supplementary Budget II, commending the Budget and Appropriations Committee for realigning expenditures, funding NG‑CDF projects and addressing debt repayments, while criticizing previous administrations for mismanagement and highlighting procedural concerns. The discussion also touched on the need to regularise spending under Article 223 of the Constitution and featured points of order regarding parliamentary procedure. The session was dominated by procedural clashes, with the Temporary Speaker reprimanding members for being out of order and enforcing strict speaking rules. Amid the tension, Hon. Ndindi Nyoro highlighted concerns over the national deficit and appropriations, while other members called for more equitable speaking opportunities. The debate reflected both substantive budget discussion and notable discord over parliamentary conduct. Hon. Ndindi Nyoro highlighted the under‑estimation of A‑in‑A revenues in the 2023/24 budget and warned that reliance on supplementary estimates risks larger deficits. He advocated for stronger tax collection, investment in primary and secondary sectors, and the lifting of moratoria on mining and forestry to broaden revenue bases, while also correcting public misinformation about national debt.

Senators debated a motion supporting the Pan‑African Parliament report, highlighting its role in promoting youth and women participation in policy‑making. The discussion also turned to the need to ratify a Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance to address election disputes in Kenya. Procedural remarks by the Speaker underscored time limits and attendance issues. Senator Mwaruma highlighted the importance of the ndengu crop for food security in arid counties and presented a bill to promote its cultivation. He outlined major challenges such as lack of market infrastructure, low prices, insufficient inputs, post‑harvest losses, wildlife conflict and limited extension services, while urging policy reforms, research, and training to unlock its commercial potential. The discussion was a mix of concern over current constraints and optimism about the crop’s future role in the economy. Senators discussed the need for African unity and highlighted economic challenges such as currency dependence and rising prices, before moving to detailed procedural work on a cotton sector Bill. Multiple amendments were proposed to improve research, fair pricing, seed development, aggregation centres, and asset management within the cotton industry. The debate combined constructive legislative proposals with critical remarks on external exploitation and domestic hardships.

The Cabinet Secretary for Agriculture discussed the push for mechanisation in tea and other farms, acknowledging potential job losses while emphasizing efficiency and food safety. He detailed recent maize imports from regional neighbours and Ukraine, and addressed sugar imports, noting short‑term price stabilization despite declining domestic milling capacity. The Temporary Speaker also welcomed a school delegation and reminded members of procedural rules. The Senate examined the process for sugar import licences and duty waivers, clarifying the quantities authorised and emphasizing the online system’s transparency. Members welcomed a Rotary Club delegation and highlighted its community work. The Cabinet Secretary detailed a Kshs27.9 billion World Bank‑funded agriculture project for the North Frontier Counties, noting disbursements, 100 % completion in Marsabit and ongoing audit reports. Senators questioned the handling of private import contracts amid currency volatility and urged more caution with importers, while expressing frustration over unresolved tea sector disputes and the impact of mechanisation on farm labour. They also sought data on duty‑free maize imports and assurances that the Cabinet Secretary will address KTDA directors’ court cases and the broader agricultural supply chain. The debate combined criticism with calls for constructive action.

Senators criticised the poor state of agricultural and livestock extension services, noting failed breed programmes, declining crop yields and inadequate sub‑county support, and argued that the proposed Bill is essential to devolve and strengthen these services. They highlighted the need for better funding, research and coordination between national and county governments, while expressing overall support for the legislation. Senators advocated for a Bill establishing well‑funded agricultural training centres and expanding extension officers to improve crop, livestock and aquaculture productivity across Kenya. They highlighted current shortcomings—generic fertilizer distribution, declining yields, and limited youth engagement—and urged the government to tailor inputs to ecological zones and integrate agribusiness into TVET curricula. The debate linked these reforms to job creation, foreign‑exchange earnings, and broader economic growth. Senators unanimously backed the Bill to revive agricultural extension officers, recalling how past services improved livestock breeding, seed quality and soil management. They argued that modernizing these services with new technology is essential for food security, farmer incomes and preventing reliance on imports. The debate also highlighted current gaps in farmer knowledge and praised examples from other countries as models.

The speaker outlined the Competition Authority's expanded mandate to curb anti‑competitive practices and protect consumers, and presented the government's fiscal framework for FY 2023/24, emphasizing revenue growth, tax reforms and expenditure efficiency. Detailed budget proposals were made for ICT initiatives, the Konza Technopolis, and major infrastructure projects such as roads, railways, ports and airports, aiming to drive economic recovery and sustainable growth. The overall tone is constructive, highlighting planned reforms and investment priorities while acknowledging fiscal consolidation challenges. The Minister outlined a comprehensive budget proposal allocating billions of shillings to energy infrastructure, education improvements, manufacturing and job creation, security services, and social protection for vulnerable groups. Specific funding amounts were detailed for each sector, emphasizing equity, youth employment, and national development, and the speech was received with applause. The debate focused on accelerating the County Governments (Revenue Raising Process) Bill to address uneven fee structures and delayed mineral royalty payments to counties, while also outlining tax and customs measures aimed at boosting revenue and protecting local industries. Speakers highlighted the EAC’s revised tariff bands and duty‑remission schemes for key sectors such as agriculture, automotive assembly, steel, and baby‑diaper production, urging swift enactment to enhance competitiveness and investment. Concerns were raised about county‑level charges that conflict with national policy and regional trade agreements.

The Senate debated the Agricultural and Livestock Extension Services Bill, noting a printing error that mistakenly referenced the separate Mung Beans Bill and calling for corrective amendments. Senators highlighted the critical role of small‑scale farmers and urged the bill to address the deployment, remuneration and job satisfaction of agricultural extension workers, especially in the context of devolved service delivery and current budget allocations. The discussion was constructive but underscored concerns over inconsistencies and funding gaps. The Senate confirmed quorum and received a formal communication from the Siaya County Assembly regarding the impeachment of Deputy Governor William Oduor. Senators moved to establish a special committee to investigate the matter while also addressing other agenda items such as the status of the Bonkole Resort construction. Senators used the afternoon sitting to request statements from various standing committees on issues such as land title deeds at Enganani Ranch, the management of Metropolitan National SACCO, the naming of public places, and the influx of Ugandan dairy products. The Speaker repeatedly intervened to enforce standing orders, issue cautions and address points of order, resulting in a tense but procedural debate. The session highlighted both substantive policy concerns and procedural friction among members.

Hon. Kuria Kimani advocated for several amendments to the tax bill, including zero‑rating VAT for school feeding programmes, deleting clauses that impose punitive deposits and penalties on taxpayers, and revising the National Housing Development Fund contribution to a lower, non‑capped rate. He also called for consistency in export levy adjustments and a more reasonable penalty for non‑compliance with the electronic tax system. The speech combined criticism of existing provisions with constructive proposals to broaden the tax base and protect vulnerable groups. Hon. Opiyo Wandayi vehemently opposed the proposed housing levy and related excise duties, likening them to a pyramid scheme and warning they could spark unrest among Kenya’s poor. In contrast, Hon. Ndindi Nyoro defended the Finance Bill, outlining the budget’s revenue and expenditure details and emphasizing allocations for education, infrastructure, and county shares. The debate highlighted a clash between concerns over regressive taxes and the government’s fiscal priorities. Hon. Fatuma Jehow warned that a 16% VAT on fuel could jeopardise food security and erode public trust, while Hon. Joseph Makilap and Hon. Adan Keynan defended the Finance Bill, emphasizing its necessity for revenue generation, tax reforms and Kenya’s economic development. The speakers called for national unity and collective sacrifice despite acknowledging the pain of increased taxation, resulting in a debate that combined criticism of specific provisions with overall support for the bill.

Senators debated the impact of a recent Salaries and Remuneration Commission circular that reduced allowances for Members of County Assemblies, arguing it contravenes the County Allocation of Revenue Act and calling for its annulment. The discussion also highlighted the Senate’s role in overseeing devolution, urging the Committee on Devolution and Intergovernmental Relations to address broader funding and accountability issues for county assemblies. Senators praised the Agricultural Extension Services Bill as timely and essential for boosting productivity and youth employment, while urging amendments to address funding mechanisms, market access, and technology integration. They highlighted gaps such as the reliance on fee‑based extension officers, the need for broader crop coverage, and safeguards against broker exploitation. The debate combined strong support with constructive criticism to improve the legislation’s impact on farmers. The Senate afternoon sitting began with procedural matters and the laying of several Auditor‑General reports on municipal finances. Senators then used Standing Order 53 to request statements and investigations into issues such as SGR land encroachment, water and sanitation challenges, and health services at a major referral hospital. The session also addressed the recent closure of 16 County Assemblies, with the Devolution Committee reporting on its response.

Senators questioned the operationalisation of the strategic grain reserve and urged the pre‑qualification of local suppliers from all 47 counties to reduce transport costs and boost the "bottom‑up" agenda. The Cabinet Secretary affirmed that the procurement process is open, welcomed the suggestion to involve micro, small and medium enterprises, and pledged technical follow‑up, receiving applause from the chamber. Procedural exchanges continued but the overall tone remained constructive. Senators interrogated the Cabinet Secretary on the relief food distribution programme, questioning price reductions for rice and beans, budget allocations for last‑mile delivery, and the lack of a published supplier list. The Cabinet Secretary explained negotiations with KNTC, detailed transport funding, and affirmed a shift towards cash‑transfer mechanisms under the Hunger Safety Net Programme. While some progress was acknowledged, senators expressed dissatisfaction with delays, inadequate supplies, and the need for greater transparency. Senators welcomed a group of students to the Senate, emphasizing the chamber's role in representing counties and shaping national legislation. The debate then shifted to a motion on water conservation, urging amendments to the national housing code to mandate water‑saving plumbing fixtures and improve metering to curb non‑revenue water. The speakers expressed strong support for the initiative and highlighted its potential impact on climate action and county water management.

The debate centred on the Finance Bill, with opposition members warning that increases to the fuel levy, a proposed VAT on exports, and a lower turnover‑tax threshold would burden households, farmers and women‑run micro‑enterprises, especially in western Kenya. Pro‑government speakers countered that broader taxation is needed to fund essential services, infrastructure, health care and a housing levy, arguing that the revenue will support long‑term development. The exchange highlighted a clear split between concerns over immediate economic strain and arguments for future equity and public investment. The session saw Hon. Kuria Kimani correcting misinformation about tax proposals, outlining reforms such as removing wig taxes, adjusting deposit, digital content and turnover‑tax thresholds, and addressing tax loopholes used by chamas. Procedural disputes arose, with the Speaker repeatedly restoring order, members requesting visual access to the Finance Committee chair, and instructions on voting conduct. While tension and loud consultations marked the debate, substantive policy discussion on tax reforms was also presented. The debate focused on the Finance Bill 2023, highlighting its three pillars: revenue generation, tax incentives, and improved tax administration, while members contested misinformation surrounding its provisions. Speakers defended tax reductions such as the rental income rate, discussed the contentious housing levy and its constitutional basis, and emphasized the need for manufacturing incentives amid a broader economic crisis. The exchange combined supportive remarks with sharp criticism, reflecting a mixed tone.

Sen. Munyi Mundigi highlighted the lack of roads, water and agricultural support in Embu County, urging the Senate to address these infrastructure gaps. Sen. Crystal Asige delivered a passionate defense of the Learners with Disability Bill, citing poor access to inclusive education, inadequate health coverage through NHIF, and the financial strain on families, and called for stronger legislative and policy measures. The Senate conducted a manual roll‑call vote on two orders, addressed a procedural breach when a senator failed to bow, and moved swiftly to the third reading of the Parliamentary Powers and Privileges (Amendment) Bill, with motions and seconds recorded. The sitting was largely procedural with minimal debate, focusing on voting logistics and bill progression. Sen. Sifuna advocated for the Disability Inclusive Education Bill, highlighting the need to remove physical and informational barriers for learners with disabilities and praising Sen. Crystal Asige’s contributions. He emphasized the responsibilities of counties and the national government to fund accessible infrastructure, resource centres, and specialised teachers, while acknowledging the financial implications. The debate reflected a constructive but cautious tone toward implementation.

Members debated the appointment of Mr. Noordin Haji to the National Intelligence Service, with several MPs expressing strong support and highlighting his experience in security and integrity. The House then moved to approve two nominees, Ms. Caroline Nzilani King’oku‑Ajuoga and Hon. Isaac Kiprono Rutto, for the Judicial Service Commission, emphasizing their qualifications and the need for a motivated judiciary. Procedural items, including time limits, speaker interventions, and a welcome to visiting schools, were also noted. Members largely voiced support for the appointment of Mr. Noordin Haji as Director‑General of the National Intelligence Service, citing his experience, integrity and the need for modernised intelligence capabilities. Some members highlighted the importance of trust, constitutional qualifications and past successes against terrorism, while a brief point‑of‑order dispute over ethnic profiling introduced a minor conflict. The debate concluded with calls for the new DG to uphold his oath and enhance national security. Members debated a series of budget amendment motions, largely supporting the re‑allocation of funds within ministries to better align resources with development priorities. Proposals included increasing allocations for sports infrastructure, power transmission projects, and industrial promotion, with speakers emphasizing that the changes were merely internal realignments rather than new spending. The Temporary Chairman facilitated the procedural votes, and the amendments were largely approved without significant opposition.

The Senate session covered procedural matters before moving to substantive debates, including a request for a report on devolution meetings and a statement on the lifting of the logging ban in public forests. The bulk of the discussion focused on the Employment (Amendment) Bill 2022, emphasizing the right‑to‑disconnect, employer obligations, housing levy funding, and employee mental‑health concerns. Senators expressed both support for the reforms and criticism of misunderstandings and employer practices. Senator Cheruiyot criticised the high proportion of county budgets allocated to legal services and recurrent expenditure, describing it as a conduit for corruption and inefficiency. He called for caps on legal spending, amendments to the Public Finance Management Act, and for governors to submit action plans to increase development spending. The speech combined condemnation of current practices with proposals for legislative and oversight reforms. Sen. Okiya Omtatah warned that current affordable‑housing initiatives blur the line between decent, state‑guaranteed homes and cheap private units, and warned that handing over public land to developers risks impoverishing counties. Sen. Omogeni raised concerns over delayed KRA disbursements to Nyamira County and challenged a Finance Bill amendment that imposes a housing levy without proper constitutional scrutiny, urging bipartisan defence of county powers. Both senators called for the issues to be formally debated in the Senate and for the President’s intervention.

Members raised concerns over high fertilizer costs and their impact on food security, while also moving a motion to approve appointments to the Judicial Service Commission. The debate then focused on the status of NG‑CDF and NGAAF funding, noting past disbursement delays but highlighting recent Treasury commitments and World Bank support to release the remaining allocations. Overall, the discussion combined criticism of challenges with constructive updates and promises of continued resource mobilisation. The Speaker urged members to engage with the Leader of the Majority Party on budget disbursement issues and highlighted upcoming budget statements, while members raised concerns about fiscal mismanagement, inequitable resource allocation and corruption. The debate reflected both constructive calls for patience and cooperation and sharp criticism of systemic failures in tax and expenditure management. Members debated the clearance of NG‑CDF arrears and the need for emergency funding for school facilities after heavy rains, with the Leader of the Majority Party assuring disbursement of allocated funds. Opposition members questioned why NG‑CDF and NG‑AAF were not prioritised over county allocations, citing World Bank money and ongoing infrastructure deficits. The exchange combined constructive commitments with palpable frustration over budget priorities.

Sen. Joe Nyutu criticised a colleague’s remarks that placed the responsibility on young girls to curb adolescent behavior, calling it a harmful message. The remainder of the sitting focused on procedural business, with several senators moving amendments to the Parliamentary Powers and Privileges (Amendment) Bill and arranging divisions on clauses. The Speaker facilitated the re‑ordering of business and noted limited debate on the proposed changes. The Senate afternoon sitting began with a commendation of athletes Faith Kipyegon and Ferdinand Omanyala, urging clean sport and greater support for athletes as national ambassadors. The bulk of the debate consisted of several senators seeking statements from standing committees on issues such as sand‑harvesting regulation, passport issuance corruption, accessibility of fistula and cancer treatment, land title deed allocation in Kitui, and unpaid dues to dairy farmers, interspersed with procedural cautions. Senators debated amendments to the natural resources Bill, highlighting transitional provisions to protect existing licensees and urging that counties and local communities receive fair benefit shares. The discussion also covered board composition, powers, tenure, and the need for clear criteria regarding convictions of board members, with calls for faster implementation and clearer procedures.

The debate focused on the policy allowing government‑sponsored students to be placed in private universities, citing the legal basis in the Universities Act and the need to alleviate capacity constraints in public institutions. The Cabinet Secretary presented data on placement rates, programme capacity (e.g., nursing), and the funding mechanism through the Differential Unit Cost (DUC), highlighting a shortfall in the proportion of funds allocated to private‑university students. Members discussed the historical removal of a “public” qualifier from the legislation, which created the current placement framework. The Deputy Speaker outlined the government’s plan to expand access to higher education through a new National Open University and urged a review of funding allocations to private and public universities, including a forensic audit of government‑sponsored students. He highlighted challenges in TVET institutions, noting equipment shortfalls and pending construction, while emphasizing recent governance reforms in several universities and requesting additional budget support for examinations and university operations. Hon. Ndindi Nyoro outlined Kenya's 2023/24 budget framework, highlighting the fiscal deficit, debt repayments and allocations to counties while noting the strain from drought, inflation and global interest‑rate hikes that have weakened the shilling and pressured imports. He praised the work of finance committees, expressed optimism about improved revenue collection through KRA reforms and A‑in‑A, and explained the GDP composition to underscore the need for broader economic diversification.

The House approved Dr. Kamau Thugge as Governor of the Central Bank of Kenya and then turned to a robust discussion on the NG‑CDF, highlighting its role in building schools, police stations and providing bursaries. While members praised the fund’s contributions to constituency development, they also criticised uneven allocations, delayed audit reports and called for reforms to ensure transparency and equitable distribution. Members discussed the upcoming National Prayer Breakfast, emphasizing gratitude and unity, and welcomed several school delegations to Parliament. Hon. Wanjiku Muhia highlighted the need for parliamentary input on the East African Community’s political confederation process. Procedural items on the NG‑CDF financial statements were also noted. Members highlighted the importance of the NG‑CDF in delivering infrastructure and bursaries, while lamenting chronic delays in fund disbursement and calling for greater parliamentary oversight and increased allocations. They urged the Treasury to honor its obligations and for Constituency Oversight Committees to strengthen accountability.

Senators debated the inadequate salaries and allowances of MCAs, arguing that low remuneration hampers effective oversight of county governors and threatens devolution. They called for a review and increase of MCAs' compensation, urged the Salaries and Remuneration Commission to justify its findings—or be disbanded—and suggested moving the issue to the appropriate standing committee or Committee of the Whole. The discussion reflected both criticism of the status quo and proposals for constructive reform. The Senate afternoon sitting centered on the second reading and electronic voting of the Cotton Industry Development Bill, followed by procedural motions on the Equalization Fund Appropriation Bill and related business. The Speaker and temporary chair managed electronic and manual voting, while senators moved motions, reported committee findings, and ensured the session proceeded without interruption. Senators debated the sustainability of the Murang’a County creamery and raised concerns about its impact on regional milk prices, while also highlighting the rise in gender‑based violence cases against men and calling for broader awareness. Additional statements addressed water shortages in Nairobi and the need for clean piped water in settlement villages of Kirinyaga County. The session featured procedural exchanges and occasional tension over titles and speaking order.

Senator Faki highlighted the backlog of key financial bills, urging whips to secure quorum and schedule a vote before the new fiscal year. He criticised the slow pace of bill processing and absenteeism while praising the growing number of public petitions as a sign of citizen confidence in the Senate. The speech also outlined pending motions, questions to cabinet secretaries, and the need for timely committee action. Senator Cheruiyot highlighted chronic procedural challenges in the Senate, including lack of quorum, absent movers for bills and motions, and the resulting backlog of legislation and petitions. He also noted a positive development with increased minority participation in question time, urging all members to prioritize attendance and expedite pending business. The discussion covered the status of bills, motions, petitions, and upcoming questions to cabinet secretaries on security, drug abuse, and procurement issues. Senators raised concerns about multinational companies evading taxes, citing the Finance Bill 2023’s repatriation tax proposal and a petition against East African Breweries. The debate also touched on land and wayleave disputes involving Kenya Pipeline Company and included procedural interruptions over points of order and senators’ dress code. While criticism of fiscal practices dominated, the session also featured light‑hearted procedural exchanges.

Senators highlighted the inadequate housing and equipment for police officers, noting that many live in substandard conditions while senior officials enjoy better facilities. They called for increased funding and mental‑health support in the Finance Bill, and condemned the stigma and neglect faced by the police force. The debate combined criticism of government policy with commendation of police sacrifices in incidents such as Westgate and Shakahola. Senators highlighted the psychological strain on police officers and urged the government to provide resident counsellors at every station, improve living conditions, and upgrade training to foster a friendlier approach to citizens. They cited examples from other countries and stressed that better support would reduce incidents such as suicides and misconduct. The debate called for concrete policy actions to safeguard officers' mental health and enhance community‑police relations. Senators raised concerns over a food‑safety incident at Mukumu Girls School, questioning the Ministry of Education’s handling of contaminated grain supplies and broader student safety. The Cabinet Secretary for Education responded by outlining a new Safety Standards Manual, vehicle provision for sub‑county officials, and ongoing monitoring, while the Speaker pressed for concrete actions to prevent similar crises nationwide. The exchange featured procedural tensions but highlighted both criticism and constructive policy proposals.

Senators discussed the upcoming Senate Mashinani visit to Turkana, highlighting the need to assess health services, water scarcity, and economic opportunities such as oil exploration. While expressing strong support for the motion, they also noted persistent challenges like inadequate infrastructure, funding delays, and gender‑related health issues, urging constructive oversight and collaboration with county authorities. Senators debated the need for greater transparency and public engagement, urging that parliamentary business be conducted closer to constituents and broadcast via PBS. They raised concerns about health financing, criticizing the centralisation of donor funds at Afya House and calling for direct transfers to county governors. The session also moved to the second reading of the Employment (Amendment) Bill, highlighting the right‑to‑disconnect and remote‑work provisions. Sen. Lemaletian highlighted Turkana's rich paleontological heritage, unique wildlife and tourism potential while condemning the government's neglect of the north’s resources and development needs. He raised concerns about saline underground water and the high cost of desalination, and urged greater cross‑border trade and the relocation of plenary sessions to marginalized counties. The speech blends praise for the region’s assets with criticism of current policy and calls for inclusive investment.

Senators discussed the challenges facing Kenya's cotton sector, highlighting high seed costs, monopoly control of ginning, and the need for new legislation to support farmers. They compared regional practices, noted the potential of Bt cotton and alternative seed research, and called for government intervention to supply inputs and improve market access. Senators, led by Sen. Cherarkey, criticised the proposed cotton‑manufacturing licensing provisions, arguing they will create excessive bureaucracy, foster corruption and disadvantage small entrepreneurs, and called for streamlined licensing and clearer funding mechanisms. The debate also addressed financial provisions for the board’s levy fund and included a warm welcome to a delegation of Meteitei Boys High School students visiting the Senate. Overall, the discussion highlighted concerns over regulatory burden while showing support for local education initiatives. Senators highlighted urgent issues such as delays in county health services, overcrowded prisons and the closure of a special school for the deaf in Kabarnet, calling for presidential orders, ministerial action and greater oversight. They praised KEWOSA’s support for prisoners, welcomed schoolgirls to the Senate, and criticised slow government responses, reflecting both constructive proposals and frustration.

The Cabinet Secretary for Energy and Petroleum presented reports on the commercial viability of a pipeline and refinery, outlining a field development plan to move crude to market daily and requesting budget support for infrastructure such as a bridge. Senators questioned the prolonged delays in oil production, the adequacy of power supply in several counties, and the lack of corporate social responsibility benefits for Turkana residents, demanding clearer timelines and accountability. The Deputy Speaker managed the exchange, noting the need for further clarification and supplementary questions. Senators examined the economics of a small refinery in Juba and the broader oil field development plan, questioning oil volume measurements and revenue figures. They also raised urgent concerns about chronic power blackouts in Tharaka Nithi and Wajir counties, urging the Energy and Petroleum Cabinet Secretary to provide solutions and improve electricity infrastructure. The debate combined constructive inquiry with criticism of unmet promises. Senators highlighted persistent power blackouts in Tharaka Nithi County, faulty transformers, and the lack of functioning generators in Wajir, urging the Energy Cabinet Secretary to address these infrastructure gaps. The Cabinet Secretary responded by outlining ongoing procurement of new generators, commitments to enforce production‑sharing contracts, and assurances of improved service delivery, while the Deputy Speaker noted both challenges and positive steps. The exchange combined criticism of delays with commendation of the minister’s efforts, reflecting a mixed tone.