Sittings

Sen. Olekina advocated for expanding Kenya's cotton sector, linking it to job creation, value‑addition, and export potential, and urged amendments to the Finance Bill to support local production. He emphasized the need for effective extension services, a dedicated cotton farmers association, and decentralized governance, criticizing the centralised location of the cotton board and broader devolution shortcomings. The debate combined constructive proposals with criticism of existing policies and structures. Senators debated the proposed Cotton Bill, highlighting its potential to create jobs and support farmers but criticizing the heavy reliance on centrally appointed boards and the diversion of funds away from counties. Concerns were raised about the reduction of the Equalisation Fund, high cost of living, and the capacity of county governments to meet the expanded financial and extension service obligations. The discussion reflected both optimism for agricultural revival and frustration over fiscal and governance challenges. The Senate addressed a petition urging priority housing for youth and highlighted the prolonged non‑payment of instructor salaries, expressing frustration over the lack of redress. Procedural business dominated the sitting, including motions to amend the calendar, referrals of petitions to committees, and a request for a statement on compulsory land acquisition in Lamu. The debate also featured a dispute over party coalition affiliations, adding tension to the proceedings.

Senators debated the Prompt Payment Bill, highlighting chronic delays in county payments that cripple contractors, fuel corruption and cause personal hardship. They praised the bill’s punitive provisions and commend counties like Kwale that process payments promptly, urging governors and the national government to enforce timely payments. The discussion underscored the bill’s potential to protect youth and women entrepreneurs and improve service delivery across devolved units. Senators debated a Bill aimed at enforcing prompt payments and imposing penalties on accounting officers. Concerns were raised about the lack of available funds, the impact of interest charges on pending bills, and possible overlap with the existing Public Procurement and Asset Disposal Act, leading to opposition from some members, while others praised the effort as overdue and necessary. Senators debated the adequacy of county funding, the proposed VAT increase on fuel, and the nature of the 3% Housing Levy Fund, arguing whether it constitutes a tax or a savings measure. The exchange was marked by sharp criticism, procedural interruptions, and references to the impact on ordinary Kenyans, especially boda‑boda riders and teachers. While some constructive points about devolution were raised, the overall tone was contentious.

Members discussed the Auditor‑General's report on the NG‑CDF, noting delays and gaps in bookkeeping while emphasizing the fund's positive impact on education, infrastructure and security. They called for clearer accountability of fund account managers, streamlined guidelines for emergency funds, and cautioned against added bureaucracy in project selection. The debate combined constructive criticism with strong support for the NG‑CDF's role in constituency development. Members praised the NG-CDF and NGAAF for improving school enrolment, grades, health access, agricultural livelihoods and climate‑tree planting, while urging a higher allocation (at least 5% of the national budget) and stronger oversight to prevent misuse. They highlighted gaps such as mud‑walled classrooms, limited borehole coverage and the need to incorporate NHIF fee support for the poorest. The House approved a procedural motion to extend the consideration period for two Judicial Service Commission nominees by fourteen days to allow vetting after the recess. In a subsequent point of order, Hon. Jared Okello criticised the National Police Service for withdrawing security from opposition MPs and urged the Speaker, as Chair of the Parliamentary Service Commission, to ensure equal protection. The debate combined cooperative procedural action with partisan concerns over member safety.

Senators supported a petition to refurbish and expand the Kajiado Municipality market, highlighting similar dilapidated market conditions in other counties such as Homa Bay, Kapsabet and Mombasa. They criticised the lack of basic services—water, sanitation, drainage and electricity—and urged county governments to honor allocated funds and complete promised facilities. The debate combined constructive calls for action with frustration over ongoing neglect. Senators raised concerns over logistical challenges on the SGR affecting the miraa trade and highlighted ongoing infrastructure deficits such as the Embu‑Kitui bridge and faulty transformers. Multiple members sought statements from standing committees on issues ranging from the fuel‑subsidy programme and drought‑induced livestock losses to health‑sector staffing and medical insurance for county workers, while the Senate Majority Leader outlined the upcoming business schedule and urged restraint on supplementary questions. The session concluded with procedural motions and a resolution urging the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to address compensation for victims of past US attacks. Senators debated the petition on the Kajiado Municipality Clothes Market, criticizing recurring delays, cost overruns and poor site selection that leave markets under‑utilised, and urging greater public participation and adherence to international standards. Procedural tensions arose when a point of order was raised over a senator’s conduct, and the Speaker directed the petition to the Senate Standing Committee on Devolution and Intergovernmental Relations for further action.

Hon. Joseph Makilap called for improved conditions for doctors, foreign investment in hospitals, tax exemptions for chronic disease patients, and a halt to building unequipped health facilities. Hon. Yusuf Hassan opposed the amendment, arguing that Kenya’s health system suffers from inadequate infrastructure, severe staff shortages, and that the proposed legislation would add bureaucratic layers and fail to address core financing and service delivery issues. The debate focused on how to reform health service delivery, funding, staffing, and regulation in Kenya. Members debated the rollout of the Competency‑Based Curriculum and the new junior secondary school (JSS) framework, noting gaps in policy, distance to schools, and the risk of commercialisation. Hon. Shakeel Shabbir sharply criticised the placement of JSS within primary schools, citing confusion over uniforms, staffing, infrastructure and past failed initiatives, and called for moving JSS to secondary schools. The Temporary Speaker intervened to manage the discussion. Members debated a proposed amendment to the health referral bill, highlighting systemic delays, corruption at the Ministry of Health (referred to as “Mafia House”), and flaws in NHIF payment structures. While Hon. Mathenge opposed the bill in its current form, others, such as Hon. Okuome, stressed the need for swift patient referrals, especially for critical cases abroad, and expressed concern that added bureaucracy could endanger lives. The discussion reflected both criticism of existing practices and a constructive search for reforms.

Senator Mungatana pressed the Cabinet Secretary to honour campaign pledges to upgrade three specific roads in Tana River County, questioning the claim of resource scarcity. The Cabinet Secretary acknowledged funding constraints, citing large pending road bills and limited budget, and proposed using the upcoming equalisation fund and possible partnerships to finance the projects. Both sides highlighted the need for equitable infrastructure development and better coordination with county leaders. The Senate debated a long‑standing land boundary dispute between Meru and Tharaka Nithi counties, with Senator Gataya Mo Fire questioning why the Cabinet Secretary’s report recommendations have not been implemented and seeking clarification on the parties involved. The Cabinet Secretary highlighted past successes in title issuance and urged county leaders to cooperate to accelerate land titling, while the Senator expressed continued frustration over the lack of tangible outcomes. Both sides called for coordinated action to resolve the issue. The Senate confirmed quorum and the Speaker reminded members of proper supplementary questioning procedures before proceeding. Senator Mungatana queried road development in Tana River County, prompting the Cabinet Secretary for Roads, Transport and Public Works to detail national tarmac construction, the county’s share, equalisation fund allocations, and ongoing challenges in marginalised regions, including plans for the LAPSSET corridor. The exchange was largely factual and constructive, acknowledging both progress and gaps in infrastructure delivery.

Members raised concerns about the discontinuation of the school feeding programme, excessive fees for uniforms and lunch, and lack of water and sanitary products in schools, prompting the Cabinet Secretary to outline existing policies and limited funding. The Minister highlighted ongoing cash‑transfer support for feeding in ASAL counties and clarified that uniform purchases and lunch fees should be optional and reasonable. While the dialogue reflected frustration over resource gaps, it also showed some constructive clarification of government actions. The Minister addressed concerns about teacher shortages, delayed salary payments, and inadequate school infrastructure, outlining ongoing recruitment, training, and funding measures. He also discussed the allocation of textbooks, the prohibition of withholding certificates over fees, and plans to rebuild schools damaged by bandit attacks, emphasizing equity and coordination with other ministries. While acknowledging challenges, he pledged continued action and urged members to channel specific issues through appropriate channels. The Temporary Speaker managed procedural order while the Cabinet Secretary for Energy and Petroleum responded to multiple MPs' questions on power delivery, including the Last Mile Connectivity Programme, meter theft, and recent power disconnections in Mombasa and Garissa. He apologized for the disruptions, outlined ongoing collaborations with the Ministry of Health, Kenya Power, and other agencies, and pledged budget allocations and governance reforms to improve service delivery. The debate highlighted both criticism of current shortcomings and commitments to address them.

Senators debated the protracted dispute over the location of Tharaka Nithi County’s headquarters, highlighting political clashes between the governor, speaker and county officials. The discussion sharply criticised the EACC for its lengthy investigations and called for swift action, while also praising the Standing Committee’s field visit and some members’ contributions. Recommendations were urged to resolve headquarters issues and improve devolution oversight. The Senate confirmed quorum and welcomed a Kilifi County delegation before addressing a petition on the Victim Protection Act, noting that the Victim Protection Board remains unincorporated and the Victim Rights Charter has not been implemented despite eight years of salaries paid. Senators condemned the wasteful payroll, called for an audit by the Attorney‑General, and urged timelines for board incorporation and related legislation. The motion was broadly supported, with calls for corrective action. Senators highlighted the escalating violence and humanitarian crisis in Marsabit and other pastoralist counties, attributing it to underdevelopment, resource scarcity, and clan politics. They criticised the perceived neglect and hidden agendas of the government while urging concrete development projects, non‑partisan security, and direct engagement with local leaders to break the cycle of conflict.

Hon. Gideon Mulyungi presented the DFAC’s findings on the NG‑CDF, highlighting late disbursements, poor bookkeeping, non‑compliance with IPSAS and irregularities in project design and fund reallocation. He recommended timely treasury releases, capacity‑building, recruitment of qualified accountants and quantity surveyors, and stricter enforcement of the NG‑CDF Act. The speech combined criticism of current shortcomings with constructive proposals for improvement. Members debated the oversight of the NG‑CDF, highlighting misappropriation of Ksh1.9 million in Likoni and the absence of the constituency MP to explain the issue. The temporary speaker warned against naming members without a substantive motion, while others stressed that MPs are patrons, not accountants, and called for stronger structures for fund accountability. Members praised the NG‑CDF for its contributions to schools and health facilities while highlighting persistent shortcomings such as misappropriation of funds, uneven bursary allocations and lack of project continuity. They called for stronger accountability, harmonisation of bursary kits, capacity building for fund managers and accountants, and greater flexibility in project approvals.

Senators highlighted critical shortages of oxygen in rural hospitals, recounting deaths during the COVID‑19 pandemic and ongoing emergencies, and urged audits, conditional funding and cost regulation to ensure all referral facilities have functional oxygen plants. They also acknowledged recent government actions, such as the President flagging off cylinders with Global Fund support, and called on the committee to report on the status and implementation of these measures. Senators praised Kenya's recent marathon successes, highlighting record‑breaking performances and urging athletes to stay clean and supported. The debate then shifted to the severe crop damage caused by roaming elephants in Embu and Tana River counties, with calls for stronger wildlife management measures, including seasonal culling. Both commendation of sporting achievements and concern over human‑wildlife conflict shaped the session. Senator Cherarkey stressed the Senate’s constitutional power to summon government officials, condemning former governors and the Attorney General for refusing to appear before committees. He urged stricter enforcement of attendance rules, amendment of over‑broad regulations, and respect for the Senate’s role in law‑making and oversight. The speech combined criticism of non‑compliance with a constructive call for upholding the rule of law.

Members discussed the upcoming working recess, urging departmental committee chairs to prioritize budget reviews and remain available for engagements with ministries. The Parliamentary Service Commission presented its recurrent and development expenditure estimates, while the Committee on Regional Integration reported on the Pan‑African Parliament, highlighting gaps such as non‑binding recommendations on peace and stability. Procedural corrections were made to the debate record before proceeding to the formal question. Hon. Wanjiku Muhia presented a report on the Pan‑African Parliament, pointing out gaps such as non‑binding recommendations, leadership stalemates and limited inclusive representation, and urged reforms and clearer terms of reference for Kenya’s delegation. The Temporary Speaker managed procedural motions, and Hon. Silvanus Osoro, on behalf of the Leader of the Majority Party, sought to lay the FY 2023/24 budget estimates. The debate centered on regional integration concerns and standard parliamentary procedure. Members debated the Pan‑African Parliament’s (PAP) leadership rotation and the proposal for universal‑suffrage membership, urging clearer terms of reference and committee involvement. They criticised PAP’s non‑binding resolutions on peace, resource control and trade, calling for stronger authority and the pursuit of African unity, including a single currency. The discussion also highlighted procedural difficulties within parliamentary committees and the role of the East African Legislative Assembly.

Senators debated the misallocation of Kshs5.6 billion earmarked for medical equipment, accusing a colleague of voting against his county's entitlement and urging the Finance Committee to rectify the error. The discussion broadened to the devolution of health financing, with calls for audits, transparency and the transfer of national health funds to county governments to address drug shortages and systemic corruption. Procedural remarks and applause punctuated the exchange. Senators condemned the recent killings in Kilifi linked to extremist pastors and called for urgent action to protect citizens. They urged the formation of an ad‑hoc committee to vet and regulate religious leaders and to develop a legislative framework that curtails abusive practices. The debate combined grief and criticism of radical clergy with constructive proposals for oversight and sanity in religious affairs. Senators warmly welcomed the Zambian delegation, emphasizing cultural similarities, trade potential and the importance of learning from Zambia’s food‑security and infrastructure experiences. They praised Zambia’s democratic elections and suggested deeper agricultural and regional cooperation, while interjecting light‑hearted remarks about public holidays and entertainment. The exchange was largely cordial and constructive.

Members Nyikal and Baya praised the importance of regulating the boda‑boda and tuk‑tuk sector but argued that existing laws such as the NTSA Act and Traffic Act already cover the matters, warning against duplicate legislation. They highlighted severe safety issues and poor enforcement, calling for stronger implementation and oversight rather than new bills. Both urged the committee to address enforcement gaps and consider withdrawing the proposed Bill. Members debated a proposed amendment aimed at regulating patient referrals and improving emergency healthcare services, citing numerous cases of improper transfers, delays, and financial burdens on families. While they criticised the Ministry of Health and some medical practitioners for inefficiency and personal interests, they expressed strong support for the amendment as a necessary corrective measure. Members highlighted serious shortcomings in Kenya's health referral system, including inadequate public facilities, unregulated overseas referrals, and profit‑driven caesarean sections. They called for clear guidelines, stronger enforcement of existing referral rules, and the establishment of sub‑county referral units under NHIF. The debate combined criticism of current practices with constructive proposals to improve coordination and accountability.

The debate focused on the government’s ongoing and planned blue‑economy initiatives, detailing multiple fisheries and aquaculture projects such as the Liwatoni Ultra‑Modern Hub, Kabonyo Aquaculture Centre, and the Kenya Marine Fisheries Socio‑Economic Development Project. Speakers highlighted infrastructure upgrades—including new landing sites, fish ports, and value‑addition facilities—as well as capacity‑building measures like training centres and marine surveillance programmes, many of which are structured as public‑private partnerships. Senators highlighted long‑standing failures to issue land title deeds in ASAL counties, the pending titling of the Mochongoi Settlement Scheme, and delayed compensation for evictees in Laikipia and Chogoria. The Cabinet Secretary assured that community lands are being gazetted and that payments are being processed, but offered only general timelines and cited procedural limits on detailed answers. The exchange reflected both criticism of past neglect and government pledges to address the issues. The Senate examined the rules governing Cabinet Secretaries' responses to questions, stressing the requirement to file written answers and read them verbatim. Senators then asked supplementary questions about continued banditry and livestock theft in Samburu and neighboring counties, leading the CS to report recovery figures and propose arming and training local officials. The dialogue combined procedural clarification with criticism of ongoing security shortcomings.

Members raised concerns about the government’s cheap‑housing plan, questioning the feasibility of funding it through additional taxes on already low‑income Kenyans. Other questions focused on the handling of fuel subsidies, the classification of ASAL programmes, the distribution of relief food in urban areas, and the state of junior secondary education. The Speaker directed the Prime Cabinet Secretary to respond, highlighting procedural tension but maintaining a constructive debate flow. Hon. Rachael Nyamai highlighted the plight of women and children left vulnerable by road construction projects, urging documentation of fathers and greater governmental support. Hon. Peter Kaluma questioned Kenya’s haste in ratifying Hague child‑protection conventions, demanding scrutiny of their compatibility with domestic law and pointing out inconsistencies in how other states approach such treaties. The Deputy Speaker managed procedural interruptions while the debate continued. The afternoon sitting opened with quorum and the laying of several papers, including a report on the UNCAC parliamentary dialogue and a nomination for the National Police Service Commission, which was approved. Procedural matters dominated as members sought to move motions, address questions to the Prime Cabinet Secretary, and consider ratifying the Hague Conventions under the Departmental Committee on Social Protection.

Senators, led by Olekina, contested claims that money earmarked for counties was diverted to the Hustler Fund and called for the Division of Revenue Bill to be examined, while the Deputy Speaker warned against unparliamentary language such as “shame.” Multiple points of order were raised concerning standing orders, the legitimacy of statements made by Senator Cherarkey, and the procedural handling of a finance committee report on county allocations. The exchange highlighted tension over factual accuracy, procedural compliance, and parliamentary decorum. Senators moved to adjourn the Senate to discuss the urgent national issue of mass graves linked to Pastor Paul Mackenzie's followers in Shakahola, Kilifi County. The debate centered on distinguishing the phenomenon as a cult rather than a religion, condemning the leader, and urging security agencies and the President to act decisively. Additional remarks touched on past financial allocations and procedural order in the chamber. Senators highlighted the chronic problem of pending bills in counties, citing years‑long unpaid debts to suppliers, women, youth and persons with disabilities, and urged the Finance and Budget Committee to investigate all 47 counties. They defended the boda boda sector’s contribution to GDP and called for its protection, while a separate request sought clarification on which committee should handle landing‑rights issues for Mombasa International Airport. The Deputy Speaker directed the matters to the appropriate committees and noted procedural points.

Hon. Naomi Waqo condemned the exploitation and deaths linked to Pastor Paul, expressing grief for the victims. Hon. James Nyikal highlighted mental‑health vulnerabilities, security lapses and the need for stronger regulation and monitoring of churches. Hon. Kassim Tandaza added concerns about religious misuse and called for greater accountability and investigation of the Shakahola tragedy. Members expressed deep concern over reports of abusive and extremist practices in some churches, urging the government to establish regulatory mechanisms and oversight bodies. They referenced constitutional provisions on freedom of religion, child protection, and national security to argue for intervention, while also calling out political hypocrisy and the need for responsible religious leadership. Members unanimously supported a statement urging the government to act urgently on the Sudan war, emphasizing the need to evacuate Kenyan nationals and ensure their safety. Several MPs called on the Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs and the Defence Ministry to accelerate evacuation efforts and for Kenya to assume a leading mediation role in the conflict. The debate highlighted concerns about regional stability and the humanitarian impact on Kenyans abroad.

Members of the National Assembly debated the approval of Bishop David Oginde as Chairperson of the Ethics and Anti‑Corruption Commission, highlighting his qualifications, leadership experience and moral standing. The speakers stressed the urgent need to combat corruption, warned against politicising the commission, and called for integrity and proper governance within the EACC. Broad support was expressed, alongside criticism of the current culture of impunity and political interference. Members highlighted pervasive sexual harassment and gender‑based violence affecting women in workplaces, farms, and even Parliament, citing specific incidents and the impact of social‑media abuse. They called for clearer definitions, faster justice, and cultural change to protect women’s rights and ensure merit‑based advancement. The debate combined criticism of current practices with proposals for reform. The afternoon sitting focused on procedural business, including the House Business Committee's scheduling of upcoming debates and the consideration of motions to appoint an external audit firm for the Auditor-General and Dr. David Oginde as Chairperson of the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission. Members recognized visiting students and expressed support for the nominations, emphasizing the need for moral leadership in the fight against corruption.

Sen. Tabitha Keroche raised concerns about dental health coverage and the need for reverse‑osmosis water systems in Naivasha, criticizing a fellow senator’s remarks. The session then welcomed a Zambian parliamentary delegation, highlighted CPST training, agricultural cooperation, and encouraged student participation, with members expressing overall support for these initiatives. Sen. Kibwana urged immediate action to improve health and safety standards in schools following the Mukumu Girls High School tragedy, calling for coordinated inspections, hygiene measures, and resource support. He also outlined KEWOSA’s agenda to advance women’s political participation, water security, food security, and gender‑sensitive policies through legislation, capacity building and partnerships. The statements emphasized collaboration across government, civil society and communities to implement these reforms. Senators welcomed a delegation of 180 students and teachers from Kirinyaga County on an education tour, praised the Centre for Parliamentary Studies training for county officials, and addressed a request for a statement on the employment status of 700 inspectorate officers recruited under the Nairobi Metropolitan Services. The session also featured procedural interventions, including a point of order and instructions on electronic voting, reflecting both collegial appreciation and routine parliamentary tension.

Sen. Tabitha Mutinda moved for the second reading of the Equalization Fund Appropriation Bill, emphasizing its role in delivering basic services to 34 marginalized counties. She highlighted significant funding shortfalls and delays that have stalled many projects, and called for the formation of committees and stronger coordination with the National Treasury, Council of Governors and CRA to ensure timely implementation. The speech combined constructive proposals with criticism of past disbursement inefficiencies. Senators debated a petition urging the construction of a footbridge at Chiromo to improve pedestrian safety, highlighting frequent accidents involving motorists and boda‑boda riders. The discussion expanded to criticize traffic police corruption, malfunctioning traffic lights, and design flaws in the Nairobi Expressway, while calling for stricter enforcement and new legislation to regulate boda‑boda operations. The overall tone combined concern over high road‑fatality rates with constructive proposals for infrastructure and regulatory reforms. Senator Cheruiyot highlighted Kenya’s current economic difficulties, praising the new administration’s efforts to reduce the fiscal deficit and reform the Kenya Revenue Authority, while criticizing past mismanagement. He urged stricter oversight of county finances, noting low compliance with the Public Finance Management Act and calling for recovery plans and a review of the revenue‑sharing formula. He moved to defer the motion on the Division of Revenue Bill due to quorum concerns.

Senators raised serious concerns about alleged fraudulent acquisition of prime land in Buxton, accusing the process of undermining low‑cost housing schemes and depriving Mombasa County of revenue. They called for investigations by the Standing Committees on Tourism, Trade and Industrialization, Roads and Transportation, and National Security, Defence and Foreign Relations, and demanded urgent reports on the deaths during demonstrations in Chuka and border areas. The debate was marked by criticism of the handling of land deals and calls for parliamentary oversight. Senators welcomed a group of Kericho High School students, encouraging them to pursue public service and emphasizing the use of Kiswahili in national discourse. The chamber then shifted to a discussion on the "Buy Kenya Build Kenya" agenda, with members critiquing the Agriculture Minister's alleged land acquisition in Zambia and urging greater investment in local industry and value‑addition. The debate combined positive youth outreach with pointed criticism of current economic policies. Senators debated referring a statement on Mombasa and the Buxton Estate to the Roads, Transportation and Housing Committee while also raising concerns about police use of lethal force during protests. A separate point of order highlighted a dispute over dress‑code rules and the right to wear religious attire, with a senator urging greater respect for all faiths. The Deputy Speaker managed procedural rulings and committee assignments amid the discussions.

The Committee, led by Hon. Kibet Komingoi, rejected the NTSA Amendment Bill, arguing that existing legislation already covers the issues and that the problem lies in poor implementation and enforcement. Hon. Rachael Nyamai supported the Bill, highlighting the need for comprehensive regulation of the bodaboda sector, including rider licensing, registration, safety measures, and protection against financial exploitation and crime. The debate reflected both criticism of current enforcement gaps and constructive proposals for improved oversight. Members debated a motion to regulate the betting and gaming industry, citing concerns over youth addiction, family breakdown, and the sector’s economic impact. An amendment was moved to strengthen language and assign clearer responsibility to the Ministry of Interior and the Betting Control and Licensing Board, with support and a seconding from other members. Hon. Simon King’ara highlighted the significant economic contribution of the bodaboda and tuktuk sectors while warning of rising accidents and illicit use, urging the government to introduce licensing, number‑plate identification and vocational training. Hon. Julius Mawathe backed the National Transport and Safety Authority Amendment Bill, calling for stricter helmet enforcement, rider licensing and a financing scheme to support youth operators. The debate centered on balancing safety regulation with the sector’s livelihood role.

The session opened with procedural business, the introduction of a Tanzanian defence college delegation and a special motion to appoint a chairperson for the Kenya Fish Marketing Authority. The substantive debate centered on a question to the Cabinet Secretary for Environment about forest management, the ban on maize cultivation in commercial plantations (PELIS), and the legal framework governing community participation and forest conservation. The minister provided detailed statistics on forest areas and explained the role of the Kenya Forest Service in regulating non‑residential cultivation. The speaker highlighted Kenya's limited documentation of heat waves and their growing health and livestock impacts, emphasizing the need for greater public awareness and robust early‑warning systems. Recent KMD research identified specific temperature thresholds for Nairobi, Kisumu and Mombasa and called for expanded monitoring, adaptation measures and technologies to mitigate the climate‑change‑heat‑drought nexus, especially in ASAL regions. The speaker outlined the massive backlog of unpaid contractor bills—over Ksh90 billion—and explained how limited budgeting has stalled road projects, prompting negotiations with contractors and requests for concessional financing. He highlighted steps being taken, such as accessing the Annuity Fund, leveraging World Bank and African Development Bank support, and prioritising only funded or emergency projects to revive stalled works. Specific project updates, like the delayed Rongo‑University road, were provided to illustrate the broader challenges and remedial actions.

The debate focused on a committee report investigating sexual harassment of female workers in Kericho tea estates, highlighting inadequate reporting mechanisms, slow police investigations, and limited legal penalties. Members called for faster DCI action, stronger enforcement of existing laws, and reforms to police cell arrangements to protect vulnerable individuals. The discussion also broadened to gender‑based violence across workplaces and the need for legislative review of the Sexual Offences Act. The sitting focused on procedural business, including the approval of Dr. David Adang Oginde as Chairperson of the Ethics and Anti‑Corruption Commission and motions noting a food‑security report from the Eastern Africa Parliamentary Alliance. Members also sought leave to discuss urgent school disease outbreaks, while a committee reported on the consideration of statutory instruments. The overall tone was formal and constructive, with limited debate or conflict. Members raised concerns about foreign‑owned companies such as James Finlay, George Williamson Tea and Unilever, accusing them of discriminatory practices and calling for stronger safeguards against sexual harassment and gender‑based violence. The debate also focused on mysterious disease outbreaks in schools, highlighting food‑safety lapses, poor water and sanitation infrastructure, and urging urgent government and county action to protect students and staff. Constructive recommendations were offered alongside sharp criticism of implementation failures.

Senators debated the impact of recent demonstrations on the economy and tax revenue, linking disruptions to lower county disbursements and calling for evidence‑based statements. The discussion shifted to the Division of Revenue Bill, with members urging higher, inflation‑adjusted allocations to counties and additional funding for the judiciary, while highlighting transparency and accountability concerns in the Investments and Special Funds Committee. Senators debated allegations that COVID‑19 funds were used to purchase land in Kakamega County and raised broader concerns about carbon‑trading arrangements, foreign ownership of Kenyan land and lack of transparency in county agreements. The Speaker welcomed a school delegation and Senator Sifuna announced a basketball‑court project for the visiting students, highlighting community engagement alongside the contentious oversight discussions. Senators raised concerns about the deplorable state of city mortuaries and called for urgent improvements, while also demanding clearer guidance on carbon‑credit mechanisms for forest‑dependent communities. The debate turned sharply to allegations of misappropriation of COVID‑19 relief funds, with accusations of land purchases and political misuse prompting heated exchanges and several rulings by the Speaker. Procedural challenges and calls for accountability dominated the session.

Senator Cheruiyot highlighted procedural matters, urging committees to expedite petitions and statements and reminding Senators of the new question‑filing timelines. He moved for the second reading of the Division of Revenue Bill, outlining its constitutional basis for equitable revenue sharing, and emphasized the importance of upcoming security and financial‑integrity training. The Speaker deferred certain statements to allow compliance with standing‑order timelines. Senators Osotsi and Kathuri criticised the limited resources and weak oversight capacity of the Senate, arguing that this hampers effective devolution. They called for stronger funding, timely release of county allocations, and the empowerment of the Controller of Budget, Auditor‑General and EACC, including establishing OAG offices in every county. Additional concerns were raised about the mismanagement of the Equalisation Fund and the inadequate delivery of library and ICT services at the county level. Senators debated the proposed revenue allocation and public debt management, warning against fiscal missteps that could lead Kenya toward bankruptcy and urging transparent, fact‑based budgeting. The discussion also highlighted shortcomings in agricultural support, health‑sector equipment delivery, and the need for devolution to improve service delivery, reflecting both constructive proposals and criticism of current policies.

Members debated the removal of Hon. Sabina Chege from a parliamentary position, raising concerns about gender representation and the allocation of committee seats within the Azimio coalition. The discussion escalated into accusations of bullying by the ODM party and disputes over coalition consultation, with UDA members challenging the legitimacy of Azimio’s decisions. Procedural interruptions and points of order further highlighted the tension between parties. Members repeatedly called for the protection of Hon. Sabina Chege and broader women’s rights, accusing the majority alliance of dismissing a female director and demanding political respect. The Speaker intervened several times to restore order amid interruptions, laughter and procedural points, reflecting a contentious but partially constructive exchange. Members highlighted the potential of the fish industry within Kenya's blue economy, urging increased investment, infrastructure development, and educational initiatives such as school fish ponds. They expressed support for Hon. Martin Otieno Ogindo's appointment to lead the KFMA while noting challenges like storage, transportation, and feed availability. The overall tone was constructive but acknowledged existing constraints.

The morning Senate sitting on 12 April 2023 could not attain a quorum despite multiple calls using the Quorum Bell. The Speaker announced the lack of quorum and adjourned the session until the afternoon, referencing Standing Order No.40.

Senators raised concerns over delayed committee reports on land, environment, labour and social welfare, urging timely delivery and better handling of statements, including those on employment and sexual harassment. The debate also highlighted Kenya’s water crisis, especially in the northern regions, linking drought to poverty and calling for mega‑dam projects and a shift toward agriculture to create sustainable livelihoods. The Speaker indicated that many issues would be referred to the Senate Business Committee for further consideration. Senators expressed frustration over prolonged delays and unimplemented recommendations from the Labour and Social Welfare and Land, Environment and Natural Resources committees, urging timely final reports on former councillors' payments and land acquisition for the Lamu power plant. They also highlighted concerns about sexual harassment cases in tea estates and the need for clearer committee accountability, while acknowledging the importance of ministerial engagement. The debate combined criticism of procedural inertia with calls for constructive action. The session featured a contentious exchange over unparliamentary language, with Senators accusing each other of veering off topic and attacking the Kenya Kwanza government. The Deputy Speaker later shifted to a constructive discussion, praising the new economic and social rights Bill and emphasizing the need for effective institutions to deliver basic services such as water, nutrition, and human rights. The debate highlighted both procedural tensions and substantive policy concerns.

The sitting began with routine procedural business, including the laying of papers and the approval of Hon. Martin Otieno Ogindo as Chairperson of the Kenya Fish and Marketing Authority. The debate then shifted to a serious incident in Tharaka‑Nithi where a protest turned violent, resulting in the death of a local leader and prompting parallel investigations by the police Internal Affairs Unit and the Independent Police Oversight Authority, alongside reinforced security measures. Members debated the security challenges in northern Kenya, with Hon. Farah Maalim urging soft‑power approaches and education for the Pokot community, while others highlighted recent killings and bandit incidents. The Cabinet Secretary for Interior responded with updates on recoveries, a zero‑tolerance policy on extrajudicial killings, and announced reforms including a Presidential Task Force to overhaul the National Police Service. Cabinet Secretary Kithure Kindiki outlined the revival of the Police Equipment Modernisation Programme, including funding for new helicopters, UAVs and other technology to improve security and reduce reliance on the military. He also addressed ancillary issues such as the under‑performance of the Government Printer and shortages of birth‑registration forms, linking these to broader service delivery challenges. The discussion emphasized a phased approach: first silencing gun violence before undertaking long‑term infrastructural and socio‑economic projects in northern Kenya.

Members debated the urgent need to regulate gambling, focusing on media houses’ role in promoting betting and its detrimental impact on youth. They proposed limits on betting amounts and hours, mandatory corporate social responsibility contributions, and greater tax transparency to protect vulnerable populations. Procedural remarks and a welcome to visiting students were also noted. Members voiced strong concerns about the proliferation of betting and gambling, highlighting its social harms such as youth addiction, family breakdown, and tax evasion by media outlets. They called for stricter age limits, clearer regulatory frameworks, and better enforcement by the Kenya Revenue Authority. The debate also stressed the need for an implementation plan to translate the motion into concrete action. Members debated the regulation of gambling, noting that betting firms generate revenue for sports and media but also cause social harms, especially among youth. They called for legislation that captures tax proceeds for the Sports Fund, ensures consumer protection, and involves public participation, while warning of the negative impacts on families and education.

The House considered and adopted the report on two National Government Constituencies Development Fund committees, with members highlighting the failure of Kandara constituency to access allocated funds. A motion was also moved to ratify the Kenya‑United Kingdom defence cooperation agreement, but members raised serious reservations concerning alleged misconduct by the British Army Training Unit Kenya, including environmental damage and a murder case. The debate combined procedural approvals with critical scrutiny of the defence partnership. Members debated the high cost of living, praising the government's subsidy reductions and de‑dollarisation plans while also criticizing executive bloat, travel expenses and delayed salaries. Calls were made for tax compliance, investor incentives and timely payment of civil servant wages to restore confidence. The discussion reflected both optimism about upcoming improvements and concern over current fiscal management. Members from various parties offered heartfelt condolences for the untimely death of Hon. Kulow, praising his humility and service. Several speakers also highlighted the broader issue of road safety, especially the danger posed by motorbike riders, and suggested digital solutions such as camera surveillance. The session reflected both mourning and a call for constructive action.

Senators voiced strong criticism over the privatization of state‑owned hotels without parliamentary oversight and highlighted concerns that the Higher Education Loans Board is channeling the majority of its funds to private universities, undermining public institutions. They also sought statements on delayed disbursements to university and TVET students and on the failure to release capitation funds to special schools, calling for greater accountability and public participation. Senators provided updates on the Senate Education Committee’s induction, stakeholder engagements and upcoming county oversight visits, and welcomed a delegation of US Congress members and Save the Children representatives, emphasizing bipartisan cooperation and support for disadvantaged children. The debate also highlighted challenges in public participation, noting an unexpectedly large turnout for a hearing on the Mung Beans Bill in Kitui County. Overall the tone was constructive and collaborative. Sen. Oketch Gicheru advocated registering street children to grant them identity and rights, while warning that privatisation of state entities must reflect the will of the people and be overseen by Parliament. Sen. Mwaruma echoed concerns about the lack of parliamentary involvement and transparency in recent privatisation decisions, demanding criteria and public participation. The Temporary Speaker managed time and procedural matters.

Senators used the session to offer heartfelt condolences for the late Hon. Hassan Kullow, acknowledging his humility and service. They also highlighted the alarming number of boda‑boda accidents, urging stronger regulation and better pedestrian infrastructure to prevent further fatalities. Additionally, a welcome was extended to a Ugandan parliamentary delegation, emphasizing inter‑parliamentary cooperation. Senators debated the lack of a national civic education framework, urging the Standing Committee on Justice to address it and linking civic education to current youth protests over the cost of living. Several members highlighted how better civic education could empower citizens, reduce unrest, and improve governance, while the Deputy Speaker emphasized procedural efficiency. The Senate session began with procedural quorum calls before the Deputy Speaker announced the death of Hon. Kulow Maalim Hassan, prompting heartfelt condolences from several senators. The meeting also welcomed a visiting delegation from the Parliament of Uganda and highlighted Kenya's role in hosting the East African Parliamentary Institute. The overall tone combined solemn mourning with constructive remarks on regional parliamentary cooperation.

Senators used the afternoon session to welcome students from Lenana School, urging them to see themselves as Kenyan nationals rather than tribal groups and highlighting the school's legacy. Several members encouraged the youths to consider political leadership as a means to influence resource allocation, while also cautioning them to uphold good values and not be swayed by negative political role models. The exchange blended humor, personal anecdotes, and constructive advice about education and civic engagement. Senators debated the tension between protecting forest areas and addressing communities that were given land within those forests without title deeds, urging the committee to act swiftly. They highlighted procedural challenges under the Forest Act, warned against reversing previous government decisions, and called for broader land‑policy reforms to reduce conflict. The discussion combined criticism of current handling with constructive proposals for resolution. Senators debated the proposal to bring Cabinet Secretaries before the Senate for questioning and policy explanation. Sen. Wamatinga strongly supported the move as a step toward transparency, accountability and addressing cost‑of‑living concerns, while Sen. Osotsi warned that any such arrangements must strictly follow constitutional provisions and cautioned against political expediency.

The Senate confirmed quorum, welcomed a delegation from Turkana County and praised devolution efforts, and approved the fifth report of the Procedure and Rules Committee amending the Standing Orders to permit Cabinet Secretaries to appear before the Senate for questions. Detailed procedures, timelines and time limits for submitting questions, scheduling appearances, and handling supplementary questions were outlined. The afternoon Senate sitting devolved into a series of points of order and heated exchanges, with Senators Okiya Omtatah and Dr. Khalwale invoking Article 259 of the Constitution to challenge procedural decisions and accusing the presiding officer of overstepping. The temporary speaker and Speaker Kingi repeatedly intervened to restore order amid accusations of disrespect, shouting, laughter, and claims of intimidation. Senator Oketch Gicheru raised concerns about alleged state‑sponsored destruction of a former president’s property and broader impunity, prompting the Temporary Speaker to repeatedly instruct him to withdraw names and adhere to procedural rules. Other senators, notably Sen. Sifuna, highlighted inconsistencies in applying Senate customs regarding points of order. The exchange reflected heightened tension and a focus on both substantive allegations and parliamentary decorum.

Senators debated the appropriate route for bringing Cabinet Secretaries before the Senate, stressing the Constitution’s separation of powers and the correct use of standing orders. While Sen. Wambua supported CS appearances, he opposed amending the Constitution via standing orders, prompting Sen. Mungatana and others to argue over Article 259’s interpretation and procedural legitimacy. The exchange featured respectful acknowledgments, procedural objections, and moments of levity, reflecting a mixed but constructive tone. Senators voiced alarm over dubious training certificates issued to Kenyan workers abroad, urging the Committee to verify their credibility and involve security agencies. They also highlighted irregularities in land acquisition for dam projects, stressing non‑compliance with the Land Use Policy and unfair compensation practices, and called for thorough investigations and possible legislative reforms. The debate combined criticism of existing flaws with constructive proposals for oversight. Senators highlighted the need for more police stations while urging the government to improve police welfare, including salaries, housing and incentives for further education, and criticized the handling of recent protests. The debate then shifted to Senate procedural matters, with members urging strict adherence to the 30‑day statutory period for committee reports before second‑reading bills and emphasizing constitutional requirements for public participation. Both strands reflected constructive suggestions alongside criticism of current practices.

Members of the National Assembly welcomed the Women’s League, praised Kenyan women’s contributions and historic female pioneers, and urged greater female participation in politics. The sitting also acknowledged school groups visiting the chamber, with MPs encouraging students to view parliamentarians as role models. The afternoon sitting opened with a heated exchange over respect and language, prompting the Temporary Speaker to enforce standing orders and drop a pending NG‑CDF nomination motion. The House then moved to a constructive debate, adopting a motion to note Kenya’s reports to the 144th and 145th Inter‑Parliamentary Union assemblies, emphasizing international cooperation and climate‑change advocacy. The session combined moments of tension with collaborative acknowledgment of global parliamentary work. Members discussed the need to constitutionally entrench and increase allocation for the NG‑CDF, while urging careful deliberation. Procedural motions were moved to extend the consideration period for a gender commission nominee and to adopt the NG‑CDF report on constituency committees, with points of order raised during the proceedings.

The session was marked by procedural disputes over quorum and points of order, with members accusing the Temporary Speaker of bias and even questioning his fitness to preside. Heated exchanges gave way to calls for decorum, urging MPs to support the government and condemn ongoing protests that threaten the economy. While tension dominated the debate, some members appealed for unity and constructive engagement. Members debated recent demonstrations, condemning the loss of life and the economic disruption caused by protests in key business districts. They stressed the need to uphold the law, citing court jurisdiction and curfews, and urged the opposition to reconsider actions amid high cost‑of‑living pressures. The discussion highlighted tensions between constitutional rights to protest and concerns over public safety and economic stability. Members highlighted the widespread sexual harassment and exploitation of women workers on Kericho tea farms, urging investigations, criminal prosecutions and penalties for the implicated multinational companies. They also called for medical assistance, compensation for HIV/AIDS infections, and reforms to make labour officers more approachable and case reporting confidential. The debate combined criticism of the current situation with constructive proposals for legislative and administrative action.

Hon. Jane Kagiri moved a motion urging Kenya Power to lower electricity tariffs, linking high costs to climate impact, industrial competitiveness and household affordability. Hon. Caroli Omondi seconded, condemning alleged state capture and corruption in Power Purchase Agreements, and outlined reforms such as reviewing PPAs, retiring expensive fuel‑fired contracts, strengthening KETRACO’s dispatch role, and attracting a strategic investor for Kenya Power. Members voiced strong criticism of Kenya's power sector, highlighting high electricity tariffs, monopoly practices by KPLC, and costly PPAs with independent power producers. They called for reforms such as allowing KenGen to distribute electricity directly, strengthening EPRA’s independence, and improving access for households and businesses, especially in Trans‑Nzoia. The debate combined pointed grievances with constructive proposals for policy change. Hon. Farah Maalim denounced the elite capture of Kenya's economy, citing the privatization of strategic utilities, land grabs, and conflicts of interest among political leaders. He urged the Parliament to reverse these trends through land reform, greater transparency in IPP contracts, and a return to strong public sector services in health and education.