Sittings

Counsel Eric Muriuki cross‑examined witness Adrian Arayaru on the accuracy of video translations, cultural oath practices and the role of Njuri Ncheke elders, while the Speaker warned against repetitive questioning. The dialogue highlighted disagreements over whether the video content reflected Meru folklore, the presence of illegal activity, and the proper procedural conduct of the hearing. Senators interrogated witnesses about the authority of the Njuri Ncheke and serious allegations that the Meru County Governor and his relatives misappropriated county funds. The witnesses denied the claims, citing IFMIS records and affirming the validity of affidavits, while the Speaker managed the procedural flow of the hearing. The debate centered on accountability and the credibility of the accusations. The Senate cross‑examined MCA Hon. Nicholas Kinyua Josphat about the translation of language used in proceedings, whether his signature on a verification form was given voluntarily, and alleged coercion through phone calls and possible inducements such as a Maasai Mara trip. The counsel pressed the witness on inconsistencies, while the witness asserted the signing was involuntary and could not be withdrawn.

The Cabinet Secretary reported significant progress in dismantling the Sondu violence, detailing upcoming charges, peace‑building initiatives and a policy to transfer police officers away from long‑term postings. MPs pressed for compensation for victims, measures to curb festive‑season crime and assistance for displaced families, while the minister assured heightened security and restorative‑justice programmes. The exchange highlighted both constructive commitments and ongoing concerns about victim support and security operations. The afternoon sitting focused on the Assisted Reproductive Technology Bill, with members highlighting its importance for providing a legal framework for assisted reproduction. Procedural exchanges between the Temporary Speaker and members, including clarifications on standing orders and speaking rights, featured throughout the debate. The discussion was largely constructive, though marked by occasional procedural confusion. The sitting began with quorum issues and procedural reminders before moving to statements from departmental committees, notably on education and sports. Members debated the response to a request concerning the 2027 Africa Cup of Nations bid, outlining Kenya’s involvement and stadium requirements. Throughout, there were interruptions and remarks about absent members, reflecting both constructive debate and procedural frustration.

The Speaker, Hon. Kingi, employed a Russian historical allegory to denounce the Meru Governor’s alleged misconduct and defiant attitude, presenting a motion citing 39 alleged constitutional violations and forged documents. He urged the Senate to impeach the governor, warning that acquittal would perpetuate crisis in Meru. The speech framed the governor as a meek façade masking a disregard for the law. Senator Mari Maranya outlined the Senate’s mandate to investigate alleged misconduct by the Meru County Governor and argued for impeachment, citing nepotistic appointments, misappropriation of county resources, and the mishandling of a cancer‑treatment project. He emphasized that the standard of proof for impeachment is lower than criminal cases and urged the Senate to act in the public interest over the Governor’s private interests. The Senate hearing focused on accusations that Meru County Governor Kawira Mwangaza misused and possibly forged work tickets, with the accuser highlighting repeated ticket numbers and irregular dates. The Governor’s counsel responded by stressing the constitutional two‑tier removal process, the Senate’s quasi‑judicial role, and Supreme Court definitions of gross misconduct. The exchange underscored procedural rigor and political tension surrounding the impeachment attempt.

Hon. Mutuse raised concerns about roadblocks and fragmented border checks that hinder trade along the Northern Corridor, urging harmonisation of police and KRA inspections and supporting the committee report on border reforms. Hon. Makilap backed the committee, stressing the need to secure porous borders, curb smuggling of firearms and goods, and establish one‑stop border shops to boost revenue and regional trade, while procedural remarks about dress code were also noted. Members Kiunjuri, Ruku and Mutunga backed a petition exposing the hardship of squatters displaced from forest lands and denied compensation, linking the issue to food security and gender vulnerability. They called on the Ministry of Lands, the National Land Commission and relevant committees to intervene, investigate the nature of squatting, and provide redress. The petition was referred to the Public Petitions Committee for a report within 60 days. Members broadly endorsed the sessional paper on the Kenya National Population Policy, highlighting the need for better planning, youth education, and employment to harness the country’s youthful demographic. Discussions also raised concerns about mental‑health services, rural‑urban resource shifts, and the visibility of persons with disabilities in future policy drafts. The tone was constructive but included critical suggestions for improvement.

The Senate afternoon sitting was marked by procedural clashes between Senators Keroche and Oketch Gicheru, after which Senator Khalwale raised concerns about the soaring county and national wage bills and alleged wasteful spending, including a controversial gold‑throne reference. The debate then shifted to Senator Abass’s strong advocacy for granting city status to Eldoret, highlighting its economic potential and infrastructure needs. The session combined criticism of fiscal management with constructive discussion on urban development. Senators debated a bill imposing harsh penalties on cattle rustlers, financiers and illegal livestock transporters, emphasizing the need to curb organized theft. They highlighted the devastating social and economic impact on pastoral families, especially children, and called for infrastructure, education and development to address the root causes of insecurity. The discussion combined strong condemnation of criminal activity with constructive proposals for long‑term solutions. Sen. Crystal Asige highlighted the persistent injustices of livestock theft and land grabbing, commending the new Bill for giving farmers and investors a voice and urging swift legal mechanisms such as 72‑hour release of seized animals. She advocated for modern branding, RFID/chip tracking and better permit and tax arrangements for nomadic herders, especially during droughts, while warning against any misuse that could encourage animal cruelty.

Senator Cherarkey introduced the Prevention of Livestock and Produce Theft Bill, highlighting the severe impact of cattle rustling on Kenya's economy and rural livelihoods. He advocated for measures such as mandatory branding, a national livestock database, and coordinated security efforts, while stressing the need for broader development in the affected northern regions. The speech combined criticism of current insecurity with constructive proposals for legislative and infrastructural reforms. The Senate session opened with procedural formalities and the Speaker introduced the County Assemblies Legislation Tracker to enhance transparency and oversight. Senators welcomed a delegation of Starehe Boys Centre students and highlighted the importance of the Open Government Partnership, noting challenges in counties like Kisii and Meru. The House then proceeded to lay multiple Auditor‑General reports on the financial statements of several county hospitals for the 2022 fiscal year. Senators raised concerns over government bailouts of inefficient parastatals, urging accountability for corruption before any debt waivers. The discussion shifted to Telkom Kenya, with senators warning against foreign control of the ICT backbone and calling for a thorough committee inquiry into telecom contracts and data storage practices.

The Senate questioned the Cabinet Secretary for Health on the accessibility of health services for persons with disabilities, prompting a detailed briefing on the Universal Health Coverage rollout and disability‑inclusive initiatives. The Minister highlighted progress such as increased ramps, wheelchairs and training, while also acknowledging gaps, notably the low proportion of disability‑friendly maternity beds. The discussion underscored ongoing assessments, county‑level interventions, and plans for an assistive‑technology centre of excellence. Senator Cherarkey condemned the use of administration police by micro‑finance lenders to repossess movable assets, urging the cabinet to curb such practices and to renegotiate non‑performing loan laws. He simultaneously defended the Hustler Fund and the boda‑boda sector as vital to livelihoods and economic growth, urging citizens to utilise the fund. The debate highlighted tensions between borrower protection and credit access. Senators debated the hardships faced by youth motorcycle operators due to aggressive lending practices and called for legal amendments to enable loan renegotiation. They also criticised the current taxation regime and questioned the government’s delivery on promises related to the Credit Reference Bureau and the Hustler Fund, while a procedural clash arose over alleged misinformation. The discussion combined constructive policy proposals with sharp political criticism.

Senators debated whether to handle the Meru County governor impeachment through a special committee or in plenary, with most members supporting the committee as a fairer, more focused forum. Opponents argued for plenary proceedings and called for a review of standing orders to streamline future cases. The exchange highlighted concerns over constitutional compliance, procedural fairness, and legislative efficiency. The afternoon Senate sitting descended into personal attacks, notably between Sen. Munyi Mundigi and Sen. Faki, prompting the Speaker to restore order. The core debate focused on the appropriate procedure—committee versus plenary—to handle the second impeachment of the Meru County governor, with Senators voicing procedural concerns and the risk of litigation. Interjections and remarks about other members further heightened the tension. Senators debated whether investigations should be conducted in plenary or through committees, arguing the merits of each method for examining witnesses and ensuring procedural fairness. Points of order were raised about the ability of visually impaired judges to assess testimony and about the clarity of the motion, while the Speaker maintained order amid occasional laughter. The discussion highlighted procedural preferences, institutional memory, and the Senate’s quasi‑judicial role.

The Deputy Speaker introduced a Bill to amend the NG‑CDF Act 2015, aiming to resolve constitutional challenges raised in a pending petition by restricting funding to projects within the exclusive functions of the national government and improving oversight mechanisms. The amendments propose changes to board appointment procedures, allocation formulas, and the composition and terms of constituency and NG‑CDF committees. The debate emphasized aligning the Act with the Constitution and public finance principles while streamlining governance structures. The Deputy Speaker moved the NG‑CDF Amendment Bill, proposing to repeal the Constituency Oversight Committee, align the fund with the Constitution, and integrate it into national government service delivery units. Hon. Robert Mbui seconded the motion, highlighting the fund’s historical successes, the need to prevent court challenges, and the inclusion of new priorities such as climate‑change mitigation, education bursaries and digital hubs. The debate was largely constructive, emphasizing reform and continuity of the NG‑CDF’s development role. Members debated amendments to the NG‑CDF Act to permit recurrent spending for ICT hubs and a climate‑change fund, ensure a minimum allocation to each constituency, and introduce competitive recruitment for the board. They highlighted the potential of ICT hubs to create jobs and address climate challenges, while also addressing procedural matters such as reducing debate time.

Hon. Suzanne Kiamba and Hon. Ann Wamuratha highlighted the forced demolitions in Mavoko, expressing empathy for affected families and demanding compensation while condemning perceived government negligence and rogue officials. They referenced a precedent in Tana River where land was allocated to locals, urging similar action for Mavoko residents and calling for investigations into the role of county and national agencies. The debate combined criticism with calls for constructive resolution. Hon. Mark Mwenje and Hon. Esther Passaris highlighted the plight of residents affected by forced demolitions and faulty title deeds in Mavoko and Nairobi, blaming government agencies and the land registry for the injustices. They called for regularisation of land, compensation for displaced families, and a multisectoral, grassroots‑focused approach, urging implementation of the Ndung’u Report and better judicial handling of land disputes. Members discussed the Assisted Reproductive Technology Bill, highlighting its potential to address infertility through regulated surrogacy and embryo use. While several speakers praised the Bill as progressive and supportive of families, they also raised ethical questions about embryo disposal, definition of conception, and protection of surrogate mothers. The debate emphasized the need for careful regulation to balance benefits with moral considerations.

Members debated teacher recruitment and security in the North Eastern region and measures to protect KCSE exam integrity, including a proposed Ksh3.8 billion budget for examiners. The House also considered an amendment to a 2015 bill, with broad support but a brief dispute over remarks concerning the Teachers Service Commission’s independence. The afternoon sitting was marked by procedural disputes, including challenges over the proper laying of papers and points of order, before Hon. Omar Mwinyi raised serious concerns about the deplorable conditions, illegal evictions and alleged misconduct in National Housing Corporation estates in Changamwe. The Temporary Speaker referred the matter to the Departmental Committee on Housing, Urban Planning and Public Works, with a commitment to provide a comprehensive response within 21 days after the recess. Members voiced strong concerns about the current examination management system, accusing the Cabinet Secretary of inadequate responses and highlighting risks of cheating due to flawed paper distribution. They also raised regional challenges, such as teacher shortages in North Eastern Kenya and logistical hurdles in collecting exam containers, urging urgent clarification and action from the education authorities.

Members debated amendments to the Kenya Drugs Authority Bill, proposing to rename it the Kenya Health Products and Technologies Regulatory Authority and to update terminology to align with WHO standards. A key point of contention was whether the Bill adequately defines “scheduled substances,” with some members urging clarification. The Speaker directed that all approved amendments be considered in the Committee of the Whole House. Members debated an amendment to Clause 5 of the Kenya Drugs Authority Bill that would allow the Authority’s board to determine the location of its headquarters by resolution, rather than fixing it in Nairobi. Most speakers argued for retaining Nairobi as the permanent headquarters and limiting the amendment to the establishment of branches elsewhere, citing cost and administrative stability, while a few supported the flexibility as a devolution measure. The Temporary Chair clarified that the amendment does not alter the headquarters provision, only the placement of additional branches. Members debated technical amendments to Clause 7, focusing on wording about conviction status and salaried employment to clarify MP disqualification criteria. The discussion turned procedural as several members raised concerns about late‑submitted amendments and sought guidance from the Temporary Chairlady on how to handle them efficiently. While some members supported the committee’s proposals, others warned against procedural chaos and unnecessary criticism of the House’s processes.

The Senate afternoon sitting opened with procedural checks and the laying of the Standing Committee on Finance and Budget’s report on the Equalization Fund Appropriation Bill. Senators then praised the historic summit of Mt. Manaslu by Kenyan mountaineers, and highlighted World Sight Day, urging greater eye‑care policies and workplace vision health to boost productivity. Senators used Standing Order No.53 to request statements from various standing committees on a range of issues, including the livestock sector, public service recruitment, library services, teacher welfare, scholarship harmonisation, road construction, university campus viability, musicians' union registration, death benefits, and illegal land grabbing. The Deputy Speaker facilitated the procedural flow, noting occasional frustration and procedural noise. Senators debated the Care and Protection of Children Bill, focusing on the definition of a child and the cultural complexities surrounding under‑age marriage. A point of order was raised by Sen. Orwoba accusing Sen. Khalwale of misleading the House, leading to a heated exchange over legal definitions, responsibility of perpetrators, and the need for culturally sensitive yet constitutionally compliant legislation. Procedural interruptions and technical issues also featured in the discussion.

Members welcomed university visitors and marked Mashujaa Day before moving to consider the Report of the Decentralized Funds Accounts. The debate highlighted serious concerns about the NG‑CDF’s use of emergency funds, incomplete projects, and lack of ownership documents for land and assets, while also acknowledging the fund’s positive impact on local communities. The House adopted recommendations to improve oversight, ensure timely project completion and proper documentation. Members praised the Committee’s NG‑CDF audit reports while noting many are outdated and urging more current data. They called for projects to be completed within the current parliamentary term and stressed the need for better coordination with the Auditor‑General, adoption of IPSAS, and proper handling of bursary cheques. Hon. Kuria Kimani praised NG‑CDF‑funded school renovations, the rollout of science laboratories and ICT hubs in Molo, urging the House to adopt the report. Hon. (Dr) Makali Mulu commended the NG‑CDF’s impact but warned about unfinished projects when MPs change, calling for stricter board oversight. The session also included procedural remarks on quorum and standing orders.

Members condemned long‑standing abuses by insurance companies, citing opaque terms, delayed payouts and exploitative practices that have left many Kenyans without compensation. The debate highlighted recent legislative amendments aimed at imposing stricter penalties, improving regulator oversight and ensuring re‑insurance backing, while also calling out rogue lawyers who misappropriate claim funds. Overall, the speakers expressed frustration with the status quo but optimism that the new reforms will enhance consumer protection. Hon. Millie Odhiambo‑Mabona urged the passage of a Bill to create a legal framework for assisted reproduction, highlighting the personal and societal challenges faced by childless couples, including stigma and high costs. She recounted testimonies from fellow MPs and constituents, calling for affordable access, insurance coverage, and clear parentage registration. The speech combined emotional appeal with constructive policy recommendations. Hon. Amos Maina advocated for the amendment Bill that would digitise land records and issue title deeds to public institutions, markets and slum settlements to curb land grabbing and improve planning. He cited examples of encroachment on schools, market congestion, and idle land held by Kenya Railways, urging a progressive policy for regular land allocation. The speaker highlighted the need for transparent, technology‑driven land management to protect long‑term residents and support investment.

The Senate morning sitting on 18 October 2023 began with the Speaker checking for quorum. As no quorum was present, the session was adjourned according to Standing Order No.40 (2).

Senators debated petitions alleging historic leaseholds and land dispossession affecting the Kisii and Maasai communities, criticizing long‑term leases granted to institutions and foreigners and urging the Committee on Land to investigate title deeds and lease expirations. They highlighted similar acquisition controversies elsewhere and called on the National Land Commission to clarify acreage, enforce lease terminations, and return land where original purposes have lapsed. Senators debated the Equalization Appropriation Bill, with some members urging support to address marginalisation and fund infrastructure in under‑served counties, while others highlighted that Kiambu County risks losing Ksh 1.6 billion due to administrative lapses. The discussion featured accusations of misleading statements and political friction over past votes on revenue allocation, but also a shared call for transparent oversight of the funds. Senators debated the correct procedure for substantiating a motion on boundary clashes in Vihiga County, with Sen. Osotsi’s allegations being challenged as insufficient evidence. Points of order were raised by Sen. Cheruiyot and others, prompting the Speaker and senior senators to clarify the House’s rules on evidence submission and the Speaker’s authority to rule on such matters.

Hon. (Dr) Robert Pukose moved the Kenya Drugs Authority Bill, highlighting its alignment with WHO best practices, enhanced regulation, and support for local manufacturing and universal health coverage. Hon. Patrick Ntwiga seconded, stressing the need for stringent drug regulation, improved quality control, and economic benefits from reaching higher regulatory maturity. The debate focused on the bill’s potential to safeguard public health and boost the pharmaceutical sector. Members repeatedly highlighted the high number of fatalities on Kenyan roads, citing the Nithi Bridge and recent accidents as urgent concerns. They called for concrete measures such as speed cameras, stricter driver licensing, regular vehicle inspections, and improved road maintenance, especially ahead of the festive season. The debate combined criticism of current enforcement with constructive proposals for the NTSA and Ministry of Transport. Members of the National Assembly voiced strong support for the Kenya Drugs Authority Bill, emphasizing its capacity to tighten regulation of medicines, medical devices, and related trade while curbing profiteering and unsafe practices. They highlighted structural reforms such as separating regulation from the Pharmacy and Poisons Board, creating scientific advisory committees, and fostering local drug manufacturing for jobs and export. The debate was constructive, focusing on implementation details and professional delineation.

Members debated the need to expand Kenya’s airport infrastructure, improve facilities and management, and lamented missed opportunities such as the Qatar agreement. They endorsed a regional aviation safety agreement to enable coordinated accident investigations across East Africa and highlighted the importance of leveraging Kenyan expertise while addressing broader economic and integration challenges. Members debated the appropriateness of parliamentary recommendations on regulating private‑sector activities, focusing on the Cytonn High Yields Solutions Platform and alleged investor losses. Several MPs called for a DCI investigation and stronger safeguards for investors, while procedural issues regarding the Statutory Instruments (Amendment) Bill were addressed with light‑hearted exchanges. The National Assembly debated and moved to adopt the Committee report recommending Kenya ratify the East African Community Multilateral Agreement on Aircraft Accidents and Incident Investigations. Members emphasized the agreement’s alignment with existing aviation laws, its role in enhancing safety, regional cooperation and attracting investment, and noted that public participation procedures had been followed. The motion was formally moved and seconded, indicating broad parliamentary support.

The Senate debated the legality of Senator Orwoba's suspension, reviewing the Committee of Powers and Privileges' report and the High Court petition filed by the senator. Speakers referenced previous judicial review cases to argue that courts can intervene when parliamentary actions breach constitutional limits, while affirming Parliament’s primary authority over internal matters. The discussion highlighted the tension between parliamentary privilege and judicial oversight. Senator Cherarkey praised Eldoret’s agricultural strengths, especially maize and milk production, and urged the government to upgrade Eldoret International Airport and grant city status to boost trade and tourism. He also highlighted the region’s sports legacy, water‑resource projects and the need for corporate social responsibility to surrounding communities, calling for coordinated action from national and county authorities. Senators commended the Standing Committee on Devolution for its thorough public participation and lauded Eldoret’s strategic location, abundant agricultural resources, reliable water supply, and regional healthcare facilities. They highlighted the town’s industrial history, ongoing infrastructure upgrades such as the airport runway extension, and growing hospitality sector, urging that Eldoret be granted city status to attract further investment.

Members discussed the Primary Health Care Bill, emphasizing the need to link community health promoters with health facilities, improve funding mechanisms, and establish robust audit and revenue management systems. While there was strong support for the bill’s potential to standardise care and reduce costs, concerns were raised about existing infrastructure gaps and the need for adequate resources. The debate highlighted the importance of a coordinated primary healthcare network and standardized county-level health financing. Members debated the Health Facilities Improvement Bill, highlighting chronic under‑funding, poor infrastructure and mismanagement in county health services while endorsing the Bill as a means to ring‑fence funds and strengthen universal health coverage. They stressed the need for clear financial controls to avoid corruption as responsibilities shift to facility management teams. Overall, the discussion was constructive but underscored significant challenges. Members debated the Facilities Improvement Financing Bill, highlighting that current funding mechanisms leave public health facilities under‑resourced and calling for ring‑fenced revenues and clearer disbursement of NHIF payments. They also urged the Bill to include private and mission hospitals, improve management structures, and address pharmaceutical supply and facility efficiency to advance universal health care.

The Senate afternoon sitting on 12 October 2023 focused on procedural business, including seconding motions and voting on a series of amendments to the County Governments Additional Allocations Bill. The House recorded a unanimous 35‑aye vote and also moved to read the Social Health Insurance Bill a third time. During the afternoon sitting on 12 October 2023 the Senate considered four bills – the Social Health Insurance Bill, the County Governments Additional Allocations Bill, the Equalization Fund (Administration) Bill and the Learners with Disabilities Bill. Committee reports were presented, most bills were approved (some with amendments), motions were moved and seconded, and each bill was scheduled for a third reading with divisions to be taken at the end. The Senate afternoon sitting focused on procedural amendments to the Digital Health Bill, including changes to clauses that would involve the Senate, county governments, and the Council of County Governors in health data oversight and regulation. Senators raised typographical errors, moved to insert collaborative language, and sought a committee report on the bill without further amendments. The debate was largely procedural and collaborative, with no overt conflict.

The Temporary Speaker briefed the Senate on the stalled stadium project, outlining its current frozen status pending a special audit, the total cost, and plans to complete it under the sports infrastructure masterplan while emphasizing value for money and the bottom‑up economic transformation agenda. Sen. Cheruiyot raised a procedural issue, urging that supplementary questions be limited to those directly related to the original queries to ensure orderly debate. The Cabinet Secretary for Interior explained that vacancies among chiefs and assistant chiefs arise from attrition, promotions, resignations and election‑related delays, making nationwide data hard to capture, but pledged to fill all positions within the current financial year. Senators sought clarification on specific appointment timelines for sub‑location chiefs in Kakamega, while the temporary speaker managed the order of questions and procedural rules. The Cabinet Secretary outlined new police reform measures requiring officers who have served more than three years at a station to be transferred within 60 days, with salary penalties for non‑compliance, and emphasized limited political involvement in chief appointments. The debate also recounted a recent Al Qaeda‑linked attack on the US Embassy, reviewed past terror incidents, and highlighted ongoing counter‑terrorism initiatives.

Hon. Samuel Atandi criticised the state of Kenya’s sugar industry, alleging that most sugar is imported, that political patronage fuels the sector’s problems and that the House is captured, especially regarding the recent waiver of sugar debts. Hon. John Kiarie contested Atandi’s factual claims, insisting the debt waiver was a parliamentary decision and urging adherence to standing orders. The Temporary Speaker intervened repeatedly to maintain order and demand factual accuracy. Members highlighted the chronic problems plaguing Kenya's sugar sector, including the collapse of government‑run mills, excessive imports and the resulting poverty among cane farmers. They called for stricter regulation of sugar imports, enforcement of existing agricultural laws, and a transparent privatisation process to revive factories and protect farmer interests. Members expressed concern over the rising drug and substance abuse problem, especially among youth, and criticised the scarcity of government‑run rehabilitation centres in regions like western Kenya. They urged the government to take a leading role in establishing and managing more centres while emphasizing prevention programmes. The motion to expand rehabilitation facilities received broad support across parties.

Senators debated the Digital Health Bill, highlighting how electronic medical records can improve patient care, prevent disease, and bring Kenya in line with advanced health systems abroad. They stressed the shortcomings of paper‑based records and urged rapid passage of the legislation. The discussion was largely supportive, with brief procedural interruptions but no substantive opposition. Senators debated the Social Health Insurance Bill, questioning the lack of clarity on contribution tariffs, package tiers and the fate of existing NHIF staff, while urging inclusion of the elderly and school‑going children. At the same time, they praised the proposed emergency, chronic and critical illness fund as a vital safeguard for Kenyans. The discussion combined criticism with strong support for key protective provisions. The Senate examined a petition on the Changara Water Pan project, exposing alleged irregularities, stalled construction and safety concerns, while also laying reports on unlawful salary deductions of female teachers and the Care and Protection of Child Parents Bill. The chamber then debated a data‑duplication bill intended to improve digital record‑keeping and service delivery, with procedural interruptions noted. Overall, the session combined criticism of governance failures with constructive legislative discussion.

Members praised the Majority Leader’s vigilance on the Miscellaneous Amendments Bill while warning that parts of the bill could breach the Constitution and the Mwongozo Code, urging committees to scrutinise it closely. The debate also highlighted the significance of expanding the Court of Appeal to address judicial backlogs and moved to adopt the mediated Public Finance Management Amendment Bill. Overall, the session combined commendation, constructive criticism, and procedural motions. Members debated several technical amendments to the Leadership and Integrity Act and the Teachers Service Commission Act, with most speakers supporting the changes to improve drafting clarity and align terminology with the Constitution. Concerns were raised about the need for stronger oversight of bodies like the EACC and DCI to prevent corruption. The session proceeded procedurally, with amendments accepted after brief explanations. The afternoon sitting dealt primarily with amendment motions to replace references to the "National Assembly" with "Parliament" in several statutes to align them with Article 254(1) of the Constitution. Members also debated the appropriate reporting period for commissions, concluding that a three‑month timeframe was preferable to six months. The temporary chairman guided the procedural flow and ensured clarity on the amendments.

Senators debated the allocation of mineral-derived funds to counties, highlighting perceived inequities such as the small Kshs100 grant to Kirinyaga and larger sums to other regions. They expressed frustration over distribution mechanisms while also thanking the President for recent appointments and acknowledging the substantial Kshs438.6 billion development fund. Procedural interruptions, including a phone ringing, added a lighter tone to the session. Senators debated a motion to confer city status on Eldoret, interspersed with humorous exchanges about relevance and personal remarks. The discussion emphasized the need for more Kenyan cities, better urban planning, population thresholds, and sustainable, green development. The Deputy Speaker also acknowledged a visiting delegation from Uasin Gishu County. The session focused on recent violent clashes in Aldai/Vihiga and broader security challenges in northern Kenya, with senators highlighting casualties, displaced families, and the presence of armed forces. While procedural tensions arose, several members called for coordinated action, investment in agriculture, and national unity to address the insecurity. The debate combined expressions of frustration with constructive appeals for solutions.

Members debated amendments to the Bill concerning the designation of rateable areas and the extension of valuation rolls. Hon. Oundo warned that the current wording could tax small leasehold agricultural holdings, while Hon. Osoro and others argued the provisions already address those concerns. Procedural motions led to the withdrawal or agreement of several clauses. Members raised petitions urging regulation of domestic money lenders and credit service providers, highlighting the exploitation of borrowers by "shylocks". A significant portion of the debate focused on the Teachers Service Commission's alleged mistreatment of teachers, forced union affiliations, and unlawful deductions, with calls for urgent investigation and remedial legislation. The session also included recognition of student visitors and procedural remarks by the Temporary Speaker. Hon. Gathoni Wamuchomba highlighted the lack of progress on a policy to standardise and produce school uniforms, warning of a looming crisis as costs rise. Opposition members criticised the absence of committee chairs and demanded a response within two weeks, while the temporary speaker managed procedural matters and introduced statements on education reform and the KeRRA report.

Senators Tobiko, Ogola and Khalwale criticised the practice of political parties nominating outsiders to county assemblies, arguing it undermines local representation and devolution. They supported a petition urging that nominations be restricted to residents of the respective counties and called for reforms, including possible constitutional amendments, to curb patronage and nepotism. The debate highlighted concerns over equity, abuse of nominations and the need for more transparent, locally‑rooted representation. Senators debated the criteria for nominating members to county assemblies, criticizing the placement of non‑local candidates and urging a balance between local representation and competence. Procedural interjections followed, and Sen. Nyamu used the platform to highlight Kenya's alarming breast cancer statistics and call for greater awareness and support. Senators debated the high cost of maize and urged the government to subsidise both fertilizer and fuel, as well as to guarantee minimum returns for farmers through the National Cereals and Produce Board. They also raised concerns about seed shortages, called for an investigation into sarcoma, and expressed strong opposition to homosexuality, criticizing perceived government inaction. The tone combined constructive policy suggestions with sharp criticism of officials and controversial social commentary.

Members raised concerns that the rapid expansion of Kenya Medical Training Colleges has outpaced the availability of qualified lecturers and students, urging the Cabinet Secretary to prioritise quality over quantity. The Cabinet Secretary responded by emphasizing the need for a balanced patient‑to‑trainee ratio, proposing to equip existing colleges rather than open new ones, and highlighted ongoing initiatives for disability mainstreaming and sign‑language training. The exchange reflected both criticism of current capacity and constructive discussion of policy measures. Hon. David Gikaria advocated for the Procurement and Disposal Bill, which amends the National Construction Authority Act to reserve 30% of government procurement for women, youth and persons with disabilities and to exempt qualifying start‑ups from levy fees. He highlighted how reduced company registration costs and targeted support can create jobs, curb crime, and lessen dependence on food relief, urging colleagues to back the legislation. The speech framed the bill as a catalyst for economic inclusion and social stability. Members debated the effectiveness of the Access to Government Procurement Opportunities (AGPO) certification, highlighting a sharp decline in registered contractors and concerns over abuse of the scheme by some operators. While acknowledging the need to support youth, women and persons with disabilities, they called for stricter need‑assessment, better oversight and reforms to prevent exploitation and ensure genuine beneficiaries receive assistance.

Sen. Thang’wa supported the County Government Additional Allocations Bill, emphasizing Kiambu County’s Kshs1.2 billion share and urging prompt, transparent use of funds for fertilizer subsidies and agricultural projects. He criticised governors for mismanagement and procurement delays, calling for stronger oversight, including more proactive CPAC involvement, and highlighted issues around court‑fine allocations and World Bank‑funded initiatives. Senators questioned the Defence Minister on Kenya's border security infrastructure, the reimbursement received from UN/AU peacekeeping missions, and the rationale for deploying troops to Haiti, noting a decline in Kenya's peacekeeping ranking and the need for the newly passed Peace Fund. The Minister provided figures on reimbursements, outlined plans to use the Peace Fund for modernising forces, and redirected some queries to other ministries, receiving both commendations and challenges from the Senate. Senators raised security concerns in Turkana and adjacent counties, urging the deployment of KDF as a buffer zone against Pokot attacks and cross‑border cattle rustling, while the Defence Minister highlighted existing forward operating bases and diplomatic cooperation with neighbouring states, rejecting the idea of community‑based buffer zones. The exchange also addressed dual‑citizenship issues, the presence of KDF at border posts, and the need for clearer coordination between security forces and local communities.

Hon. John Makali moved a motion highlighting the surge in drug and substance abuse among Kenyan youth, particularly in the Western region, and called for expanded rehabilitation centres. Hon. Dorothy Muthoni seconded, stressing the constitutional right to health and advocating a public‑health‑oriented strategy, community surveillance, and livelihood programmes to curb the menace. Other members echoed concerns and urged county‑level action to protect vulnerable youngsters. Members highlighted persistent challenges in delivering quality basic education, focusing on erratic school‑feeding programmes, inadequate infrastructure for the new CBC curriculum, and insufficient capitation funding. While they urged the government to increase and timely release funds, they also criticised delays and misallocation of NG‑CDF resources. The debate called for coordinated policy action to ensure all children, especially in ASALs, can access and remain in school. The debate centred on Hon. Peter Masara’s demand for an apology after the Leader of the Majority Party suggested he was of unsound mind. Members raised points of order concerning parliamentary decorum, the accuracy of the record, and whether the remark could be expunged, while the Deputy Speaker managed procedural motions. The exchange highlighted inter‑party tension and concerns over personal attacks in the House.

Members expressed strong support for the Statute Law (Miscellaneous Amendments) Bill, highlighting reforms to the Anti‑Corruption and Economic Crimes Act, the Evidence Act, and the Judicature Act. They emphasized the need to curb corruption, modernise evidence rules for digital media, and expand the Court of Appeal to improve access to justice, while also noting procedural improvements such as reducing board sizes. The overall tone was constructive but underscored persistent challenges in governance and the judiciary. Hon. Kangogo Bowen seconded the Statute Law (Miscellaneous Amendments) Bill, flagging confusion between the EACC and DCI, the need for clearer mandates, and calling for more magistrate and appellate courts to reduce case backlogs. Hon. Samuel Atandi praised the anti‑corruption intent of the bill but criticised the proposal to give EACC investigative powers without first professionalising the agency, urging reforms to both the EACC and DCI. The Deputy and Temporary Speakers managed the procedural flow of the debate. Members raised concerns that promised sanitary pads for school‑going girls have not been delivered, citing evidence of continued water‑fetching by pupils. A separate point of order highlighted the inadequacy of allocated funds for international travel of committee members. The Deputy Speaker directed the matters to the appropriate departmental committees and noted procedural constraints.

Senators reflected on recent Senate Mashinani visits to Turkana, noting learning opportunities and the need for broader engagement, while also raising concerns about a perceived ‘stranger’ in the chamber. The Speaker clarified that Senator Orwoba’s presence is due to a court‑issued restraining order, prompting discussion on parliamentary privilege and the limits of judicial intervention. Senators presented two petitions: one seeking Senate intervention over alleged irregular land allocations and evictions affecting original Pumwani residents, and another demanding investigation into historic colonial injustices suffered by the Akamba community in Ngelani, Machakos, including cattle confiscation and forced labor. The Speaker facilitated the proceedings, and senators called for thorough documentation and redress, expressing frustration at past inaction while urging constructive follow‑up. Senators reflected on the recent Senate Mashinani in Turkana County, praising the hospitality and the opportunity to engage with local communities while also noting logistical shortcomings. Several members suggested refocusing future Mashinani activities on committee‑level engagements rather than plenary sessions and highlighted specific challenges such as inadequate vocational training facilities. The debate concluded with recommendations to increase the frequency of these county visits to improve oversight and service delivery.

Senator Cheruiyot presented the Senate's upcoming business, highlighted progress on key legislation such as the Facilities Improvement Financing Bill, and praised the recent Senate Mashinani outreach in Turkana County. He urged timely committee reporting, emphasized the need for cabinet engagement during Question Time, and called attention to the specific challenges faced by arid and semi‑arid regions, including fertilizer subsidies and energy supply. Senators debated and amended the health bill, focusing on inserting Clause 9A to mandate public participation in selecting community health promoters and amending Clause 23 to require consultation with county governments. Several amendments were withdrawn in favor of committee proposals, votes were taken, and the session was adjourned pending further readings. Senators debated several amendments to the health‑related bill, focusing on Clause 13’s introductory wording, Clause 9’s language reference, and Clause 10’s data‑protection provision. The temporary chair clarified procedural steps, consolidated overlapping proposals, and withdrew some amendments, resulting in a largely procedural but occasionally contentious exchange.

The House considered and moved to adopt reports from the Ad hoc Committee on Worldcoin and the Public Debt and Privatisation Committee. Members raised motions urging regulation of artificial intelligence and policies to ensure inclusive digital access as Kenya advances its Digital Master Plan. A request was also made for a statement on the recent abductions of two businessmen from Bura and Garsen constituencies. Members expressed confusion over a motion to amend Articles 50(a) and 56 of the Chicago Convention, noting they had not been given sufficient details. Several members moved to adjourn the debate under Standing Orders, and the Temporary Speaker deferred the question, resulting in procedural interruptions. The session highlighted concerns about transparency of motion content and adherence to parliamentary procedure. The session featured procedural exchanges, including the withdrawal of a statement and several points of order, before focusing on the allocation of funds for rural road maintenance and criticism of the Commission on Revenue Allocation’s role. Hon. George Kariuki highlighted improvements in road infrastructure and urged protection of these resources, while the House moved to adopt reports and ratify the East African Community aircraft accident investigation agreement and amendments to the Chicago Convention. The debate concluded with motions being proposed, seconded, and deferred as per parliamentary procedure.

The Senate conducted a manual roll‑call division resulting in unanimous approval of the motion, then rearranged the order of business to accommodate the Committee of the Whole. Senators debated amendments to Clause 4 and Clause 5 of a bill, with some proposals withdrawn after consultation with the chair and leadership. Procedural points of order were raised to ensure clarity in voting and amendment handling. Sen. Ogola highlighted the shortage of skilled doctors in counties, arguing that funds must follow unbundled health functions and that uniform pay for community health promoters is needed to attract staff. She supported the health bill but called for amendments to address funding retention at the national level and the misallocation of non‑health personnel in county facilities. Other senators added remarks on representation and the importance of rural health workers, while the Speaker intervened to keep the debate focused. The Senate debated several amendments to the Facilities Improvement Financing Bill, focusing on Clause 9’s wording about policy and regulatory direction, Clause 8 insertions, and clarifications in Clause 11 regarding county medical superintendents. Senators debated whether the national government or the Cabinet Secretary should provide policy guidance and sought to streamline the language to avoid voting confusion. Procedural motions and requests to drop or consolidate amendments dominated the discussion.

The Senate resumed a previously interrupted debate, agreeing on a maximum ten‑minute limit for contributions. Sen. Mungatana expressed support for the Primary Health Care Bill but warned that its provisions grant excessive authority to the national Health Cabinet Secretary, risking fund withholding and duplicative bureaucracy at county level. He urged removal of certain national‑level advisory roles to protect county interests. Senators debated a primary healthcare bill intended to devolve services to villages, with Sen. Murgor endorsing its potential to improve maternal and child care. Sen. Onyonka raised several concerns, including excessive governance layers, centralisation of authority over counties, oversight mechanisms, and practical issues such as committee size and residency requirements, calling for amendments. The discussion reflected both support and significant criticism of the bill’s provisions. The Deputy Speaker reported on the compensation status for landowners affected by KETRACO transmission lines, noting the proportion of payments made and remaining deficits. He also outlined Kajiado County’s energy initiatives—including wind, solar, and geothermal projects—and described CSR activities and the Block 14T oil and gas exploration by the National Oil Corporation. The briefing highlighted both progress and outstanding financial gaps.

The Speaker pressed the Treasury Cabinet Secretary on whether the government has taken custody of the 10,000‑acre Miwani public land, to which the minister deferred a detailed response. The debate then shifted to the long‑standing delay in paying pensions to retired teachers, with members expressing frustration and demanding a concrete timetable, while the minister cited payment figures and resource constraints. Both issues highlighted parliamentary oversight of Treasury actions and lingering grievances over public asset management and teacher benefits. Members debated procedural disputes over amendments to a health bill, questioning the committee chair's authority to select which amendments appear on the Order Paper and accusing opponents of filibustering. The discussion highlighted concerns about public participation, the legality of cherry‑picking amendments, and a call to move forward for the benefit of Kenyans. Members debated several amendments to the Bill, including changes to Clause 6 on the social health fund’s insurance principle and Clause 8 to involve the private health sector on the board. Opposition was voiced over the amendment’s prudence, while others highlighted the need for private sector input and clarified procedural questions about amendment speed and CEO qualifications. The session featured routine procedural motions, a point of order, and brief interjections, reflecting a largely constructive but contested discussion.

Members of Parliament criticised the introduction of university regulations without proper parliamentary scrutiny, urging that such delegated legislation be annulled and returned for proper committee review and public participation. They praised the Committee on Delegated Legislation for highlighting procedural flaws and warned against bypassing the House in future policy making. The debate underscored the need for adherence to constitutional provisions and inclusive consultation in the education sector. Members debated the proposed reduction of the 32 % allocation of the Road Maintenance Levy Fund to KeRRA, arguing it would harm rural road development. The majority supported the Committee’s report, calling the recommendations too mild and urging stronger action to protect or increase the funding. They also criticised county interference and called for parliamentary oversight of the DG of KeRRA. Members voiced strong opposition to the withdrawal of KeRRA’s mandate and warned against non‑constitutional bodies making decisions on road infrastructure without parliamentary representation. They called for stricter accountability, protection of Parliament’s independence, and adherence to the legal hierarchy in transport matters. The debate highlighted concerns over funding, allocations and the rule of law in road management.