Sittings

Members Nyikal and Baya praised the importance of regulating the boda‑boda and tuk‑tuk sector but argued that existing laws such as the NTSA Act and Traffic Act already cover the matters, warning against duplicate legislation. They highlighted severe safety issues and poor enforcement, calling for stronger implementation and oversight rather than new bills. Both urged the committee to address enforcement gaps and consider withdrawing the proposed Bill. Members debated a proposed amendment aimed at regulating patient referrals and improving emergency healthcare services, citing numerous cases of improper transfers, delays, and financial burdens on families. While they criticised the Ministry of Health and some medical practitioners for inefficiency and personal interests, they expressed strong support for the amendment as a necessary corrective measure. Members highlighted serious shortcomings in Kenya's health referral system, including inadequate public facilities, unregulated overseas referrals, and profit‑driven caesarean sections. They called for clear guidelines, stronger enforcement of existing referral rules, and the establishment of sub‑county referral units under NHIF. The debate combined criticism of current practices with constructive proposals to improve coordination and accountability.

The debate focused on the government’s ongoing and planned blue‑economy initiatives, detailing multiple fisheries and aquaculture projects such as the Liwatoni Ultra‑Modern Hub, Kabonyo Aquaculture Centre, and the Kenya Marine Fisheries Socio‑Economic Development Project. Speakers highlighted infrastructure upgrades—including new landing sites, fish ports, and value‑addition facilities—as well as capacity‑building measures like training centres and marine surveillance programmes, many of which are structured as public‑private partnerships. Senators highlighted long‑standing failures to issue land title deeds in ASAL counties, the pending titling of the Mochongoi Settlement Scheme, and delayed compensation for evictees in Laikipia and Chogoria. The Cabinet Secretary assured that community lands are being gazetted and that payments are being processed, but offered only general timelines and cited procedural limits on detailed answers. The exchange reflected both criticism of past neglect and government pledges to address the issues. The Senate examined the rules governing Cabinet Secretaries' responses to questions, stressing the requirement to file written answers and read them verbatim. Senators then asked supplementary questions about continued banditry and livestock theft in Samburu and neighboring counties, leading the CS to report recovery figures and propose arming and training local officials. The dialogue combined procedural clarification with criticism of ongoing security shortcomings.

Members raised concerns about the government’s cheap‑housing plan, questioning the feasibility of funding it through additional taxes on already low‑income Kenyans. Other questions focused on the handling of fuel subsidies, the classification of ASAL programmes, the distribution of relief food in urban areas, and the state of junior secondary education. The Speaker directed the Prime Cabinet Secretary to respond, highlighting procedural tension but maintaining a constructive debate flow. Hon. Rachael Nyamai highlighted the plight of women and children left vulnerable by road construction projects, urging documentation of fathers and greater governmental support. Hon. Peter Kaluma questioned Kenya’s haste in ratifying Hague child‑protection conventions, demanding scrutiny of their compatibility with domestic law and pointing out inconsistencies in how other states approach such treaties. The Deputy Speaker managed procedural interruptions while the debate continued. The afternoon sitting opened with quorum and the laying of several papers, including a report on the UNCAC parliamentary dialogue and a nomination for the National Police Service Commission, which was approved. Procedural matters dominated as members sought to move motions, address questions to the Prime Cabinet Secretary, and consider ratifying the Hague Conventions under the Departmental Committee on Social Protection.

Hon. Naomi Waqo condemned the exploitation and deaths linked to Pastor Paul, expressing grief for the victims. Hon. James Nyikal highlighted mental‑health vulnerabilities, security lapses and the need for stronger regulation and monitoring of churches. Hon. Kassim Tandaza added concerns about religious misuse and called for greater accountability and investigation of the Shakahola tragedy. Members expressed deep concern over reports of abusive and extremist practices in some churches, urging the government to establish regulatory mechanisms and oversight bodies. They referenced constitutional provisions on freedom of religion, child protection, and national security to argue for intervention, while also calling out political hypocrisy and the need for responsible religious leadership. Members unanimously supported a statement urging the government to act urgently on the Sudan war, emphasizing the need to evacuate Kenyan nationals and ensure their safety. Several MPs called on the Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs and the Defence Ministry to accelerate evacuation efforts and for Kenya to assume a leading mediation role in the conflict. The debate highlighted concerns about regional stability and the humanitarian impact on Kenyans abroad.

Senators, led by Olekina, contested claims that money earmarked for counties was diverted to the Hustler Fund and called for the Division of Revenue Bill to be examined, while the Deputy Speaker warned against unparliamentary language such as “shame.” Multiple points of order were raised concerning standing orders, the legitimacy of statements made by Senator Cherarkey, and the procedural handling of a finance committee report on county allocations. The exchange highlighted tension over factual accuracy, procedural compliance, and parliamentary decorum. Senators moved to adjourn the Senate to discuss the urgent national issue of mass graves linked to Pastor Paul Mackenzie's followers in Shakahola, Kilifi County. The debate centered on distinguishing the phenomenon as a cult rather than a religion, condemning the leader, and urging security agencies and the President to act decisively. Additional remarks touched on past financial allocations and procedural order in the chamber. Senators highlighted the chronic problem of pending bills in counties, citing years‑long unpaid debts to suppliers, women, youth and persons with disabilities, and urged the Finance and Budget Committee to investigate all 47 counties. They defended the boda boda sector’s contribution to GDP and called for its protection, while a separate request sought clarification on which committee should handle landing‑rights issues for Mombasa International Airport. The Deputy Speaker directed the matters to the appropriate committees and noted procedural points.

Members of the National Assembly debated the approval of Bishop David Oginde as Chairperson of the Ethics and Anti‑Corruption Commission, highlighting his qualifications, leadership experience and moral standing. The speakers stressed the urgent need to combat corruption, warned against politicising the commission, and called for integrity and proper governance within the EACC. Broad support was expressed, alongside criticism of the current culture of impunity and political interference. Members highlighted pervasive sexual harassment and gender‑based violence affecting women in workplaces, farms, and even Parliament, citing specific incidents and the impact of social‑media abuse. They called for clearer definitions, faster justice, and cultural change to protect women’s rights and ensure merit‑based advancement. The debate combined criticism of current practices with proposals for reform. The afternoon sitting focused on procedural business, including the House Business Committee's scheduling of upcoming debates and the consideration of motions to appoint an external audit firm for the Auditor-General and Dr. David Oginde as Chairperson of the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission. Members recognized visiting students and expressed support for the nominations, emphasizing the need for moral leadership in the fight against corruption.

Sen. Tabitha Keroche raised concerns about dental health coverage and the need for reverse‑osmosis water systems in Naivasha, criticizing a fellow senator’s remarks. The session then welcomed a Zambian parliamentary delegation, highlighted CPST training, agricultural cooperation, and encouraged student participation, with members expressing overall support for these initiatives. Sen. Kibwana urged immediate action to improve health and safety standards in schools following the Mukumu Girls High School tragedy, calling for coordinated inspections, hygiene measures, and resource support. He also outlined KEWOSA’s agenda to advance women’s political participation, water security, food security, and gender‑sensitive policies through legislation, capacity building and partnerships. The statements emphasized collaboration across government, civil society and communities to implement these reforms. Senators welcomed a delegation of 180 students and teachers from Kirinyaga County on an education tour, praised the Centre for Parliamentary Studies training for county officials, and addressed a request for a statement on the employment status of 700 inspectorate officers recruited under the Nairobi Metropolitan Services. The session also featured procedural interventions, including a point of order and instructions on electronic voting, reflecting both collegial appreciation and routine parliamentary tension.

Senators raised serious concerns about alleged fraudulent acquisition of prime land in Buxton, accusing the process of undermining low‑cost housing schemes and depriving Mombasa County of revenue. They called for investigations by the Standing Committees on Tourism, Trade and Industrialization, Roads and Transportation, and National Security, Defence and Foreign Relations, and demanded urgent reports on the deaths during demonstrations in Chuka and border areas. The debate was marked by criticism of the handling of land deals and calls for parliamentary oversight. Senators welcomed a group of Kericho High School students, encouraging them to pursue public service and emphasizing the use of Kiswahili in national discourse. The chamber then shifted to a discussion on the "Buy Kenya Build Kenya" agenda, with members critiquing the Agriculture Minister's alleged land acquisition in Zambia and urging greater investment in local industry and value‑addition. The debate combined positive youth outreach with pointed criticism of current economic policies. Senators debated referring a statement on Mombasa and the Buxton Estate to the Roads, Transportation and Housing Committee while also raising concerns about police use of lethal force during protests. A separate point of order highlighted a dispute over dress‑code rules and the right to wear religious attire, with a senator urging greater respect for all faiths. The Deputy Speaker managed procedural rulings and committee assignments amid the discussions.

The Committee, led by Hon. Kibet Komingoi, rejected the NTSA Amendment Bill, arguing that existing legislation already covers the issues and that the problem lies in poor implementation and enforcement. Hon. Rachael Nyamai supported the Bill, highlighting the need for comprehensive regulation of the bodaboda sector, including rider licensing, registration, safety measures, and protection against financial exploitation and crime. The debate reflected both criticism of current enforcement gaps and constructive proposals for improved oversight. Members debated a motion to regulate the betting and gaming industry, citing concerns over youth addiction, family breakdown, and the sector’s economic impact. An amendment was moved to strengthen language and assign clearer responsibility to the Ministry of Interior and the Betting Control and Licensing Board, with support and a seconding from other members. Hon. Simon King’ara highlighted the significant economic contribution of the bodaboda and tuktuk sectors while warning of rising accidents and illicit use, urging the government to introduce licensing, number‑plate identification and vocational training. Hon. Julius Mawathe backed the National Transport and Safety Authority Amendment Bill, calling for stricter helmet enforcement, rider licensing and a financing scheme to support youth operators. The debate centered on balancing safety regulation with the sector’s livelihood role.

The session opened with procedural business, the introduction of a Tanzanian defence college delegation and a special motion to appoint a chairperson for the Kenya Fish Marketing Authority. The substantive debate centered on a question to the Cabinet Secretary for Environment about forest management, the ban on maize cultivation in commercial plantations (PELIS), and the legal framework governing community participation and forest conservation. The minister provided detailed statistics on forest areas and explained the role of the Kenya Forest Service in regulating non‑residential cultivation. The speaker highlighted Kenya's limited documentation of heat waves and their growing health and livestock impacts, emphasizing the need for greater public awareness and robust early‑warning systems. Recent KMD research identified specific temperature thresholds for Nairobi, Kisumu and Mombasa and called for expanded monitoring, adaptation measures and technologies to mitigate the climate‑change‑heat‑drought nexus, especially in ASAL regions. The speaker outlined the massive backlog of unpaid contractor bills—over Ksh90 billion—and explained how limited budgeting has stalled road projects, prompting negotiations with contractors and requests for concessional financing. He highlighted steps being taken, such as accessing the Annuity Fund, leveraging World Bank and African Development Bank support, and prioritising only funded or emergency projects to revive stalled works. Specific project updates, like the delayed Rongo‑University road, were provided to illustrate the broader challenges and remedial actions.

Sen. Tabitha Mutinda moved for the second reading of the Equalization Fund Appropriation Bill, emphasizing its role in delivering basic services to 34 marginalized counties. She highlighted significant funding shortfalls and delays that have stalled many projects, and called for the formation of committees and stronger coordination with the National Treasury, Council of Governors and CRA to ensure timely implementation. The speech combined constructive proposals with criticism of past disbursement inefficiencies. Senators debated a petition urging the construction of a footbridge at Chiromo to improve pedestrian safety, highlighting frequent accidents involving motorists and boda‑boda riders. The discussion expanded to criticize traffic police corruption, malfunctioning traffic lights, and design flaws in the Nairobi Expressway, while calling for stricter enforcement and new legislation to regulate boda‑boda operations. The overall tone combined concern over high road‑fatality rates with constructive proposals for infrastructure and regulatory reforms. Senator Cheruiyot highlighted Kenya’s current economic difficulties, praising the new administration’s efforts to reduce the fiscal deficit and reform the Kenya Revenue Authority, while criticizing past mismanagement. He urged stricter oversight of county finances, noting low compliance with the Public Finance Management Act and calling for recovery plans and a review of the revenue‑sharing formula. He moved to defer the motion on the Division of Revenue Bill due to quorum concerns.

The debate focused on a committee report investigating sexual harassment of female workers in Kericho tea estates, highlighting inadequate reporting mechanisms, slow police investigations, and limited legal penalties. Members called for faster DCI action, stronger enforcement of existing laws, and reforms to police cell arrangements to protect vulnerable individuals. The discussion also broadened to gender‑based violence across workplaces and the need for legislative review of the Sexual Offences Act. The sitting focused on procedural business, including the approval of Dr. David Adang Oginde as Chairperson of the Ethics and Anti‑Corruption Commission and motions noting a food‑security report from the Eastern Africa Parliamentary Alliance. Members also sought leave to discuss urgent school disease outbreaks, while a committee reported on the consideration of statutory instruments. The overall tone was formal and constructive, with limited debate or conflict. Members raised concerns about foreign‑owned companies such as James Finlay, George Williamson Tea and Unilever, accusing them of discriminatory practices and calling for stronger safeguards against sexual harassment and gender‑based violence. The debate also focused on mysterious disease outbreaks in schools, highlighting food‑safety lapses, poor water and sanitation infrastructure, and urging urgent government and county action to protect students and staff. Constructive recommendations were offered alongside sharp criticism of implementation failures.

Senators debated the impact of recent demonstrations on the economy and tax revenue, linking disruptions to lower county disbursements and calling for evidence‑based statements. The discussion shifted to the Division of Revenue Bill, with members urging higher, inflation‑adjusted allocations to counties and additional funding for the judiciary, while highlighting transparency and accountability concerns in the Investments and Special Funds Committee. Senators debated allegations that COVID‑19 funds were used to purchase land in Kakamega County and raised broader concerns about carbon‑trading arrangements, foreign ownership of Kenyan land and lack of transparency in county agreements. The Speaker welcomed a school delegation and Senator Sifuna announced a basketball‑court project for the visiting students, highlighting community engagement alongside the contentious oversight discussions. Senators raised concerns about the deplorable state of city mortuaries and called for urgent improvements, while also demanding clearer guidance on carbon‑credit mechanisms for forest‑dependent communities. The debate turned sharply to allegations of misappropriation of COVID‑19 relief funds, with accusations of land purchases and political misuse prompting heated exchanges and several rulings by the Speaker. Procedural challenges and calls for accountability dominated the session.

Members debated the removal of Hon. Sabina Chege from a parliamentary position, raising concerns about gender representation and the allocation of committee seats within the Azimio coalition. The discussion escalated into accusations of bullying by the ODM party and disputes over coalition consultation, with UDA members challenging the legitimacy of Azimio’s decisions. Procedural interruptions and points of order further highlighted the tension between parties. Members repeatedly called for the protection of Hon. Sabina Chege and broader women’s rights, accusing the majority alliance of dismissing a female director and demanding political respect. The Speaker intervened several times to restore order amid interruptions, laughter and procedural points, reflecting a contentious but partially constructive exchange. Members highlighted the potential of the fish industry within Kenya's blue economy, urging increased investment, infrastructure development, and educational initiatives such as school fish ponds. They expressed support for Hon. Martin Otieno Ogindo's appointment to lead the KFMA while noting challenges like storage, transportation, and feed availability. The overall tone was constructive but acknowledged existing constraints.

Senator Cheruiyot highlighted procedural matters, urging committees to expedite petitions and statements and reminding Senators of the new question‑filing timelines. He moved for the second reading of the Division of Revenue Bill, outlining its constitutional basis for equitable revenue sharing, and emphasized the importance of upcoming security and financial‑integrity training. The Speaker deferred certain statements to allow compliance with standing‑order timelines. Senators Osotsi and Kathuri criticised the limited resources and weak oversight capacity of the Senate, arguing that this hampers effective devolution. They called for stronger funding, timely release of county allocations, and the empowerment of the Controller of Budget, Auditor‑General and EACC, including establishing OAG offices in every county. Additional concerns were raised about the mismanagement of the Equalisation Fund and the inadequate delivery of library and ICT services at the county level. Senators debated the proposed revenue allocation and public debt management, warning against fiscal missteps that could lead Kenya toward bankruptcy and urging transparent, fact‑based budgeting. The discussion also highlighted shortcomings in agricultural support, health‑sector equipment delivery, and the need for devolution to improve service delivery, reflecting both constructive proposals and criticism of current policies.

Senators raised concerns over delayed committee reports on land, environment, labour and social welfare, urging timely delivery and better handling of statements, including those on employment and sexual harassment. The debate also highlighted Kenya’s water crisis, especially in the northern regions, linking drought to poverty and calling for mega‑dam projects and a shift toward agriculture to create sustainable livelihoods. The Speaker indicated that many issues would be referred to the Senate Business Committee for further consideration. Senators expressed frustration over prolonged delays and unimplemented recommendations from the Labour and Social Welfare and Land, Environment and Natural Resources committees, urging timely final reports on former councillors' payments and land acquisition for the Lamu power plant. They also highlighted concerns about sexual harassment cases in tea estates and the need for clearer committee accountability, while acknowledging the importance of ministerial engagement. The debate combined criticism of procedural inertia with calls for constructive action. The session featured a contentious exchange over unparliamentary language, with Senators accusing each other of veering off topic and attacking the Kenya Kwanza government. The Deputy Speaker later shifted to a constructive discussion, praising the new economic and social rights Bill and emphasizing the need for effective institutions to deliver basic services such as water, nutrition, and human rights. The debate highlighted both procedural tensions and substantive policy concerns.

The sitting began with routine procedural business, including the laying of papers and the approval of Hon. Martin Otieno Ogindo as Chairperson of the Kenya Fish and Marketing Authority. The debate then shifted to a serious incident in Tharaka‑Nithi where a protest turned violent, resulting in the death of a local leader and prompting parallel investigations by the police Internal Affairs Unit and the Independent Police Oversight Authority, alongside reinforced security measures. Members debated the security challenges in northern Kenya, with Hon. Farah Maalim urging soft‑power approaches and education for the Pokot community, while others highlighted recent killings and bandit incidents. The Cabinet Secretary for Interior responded with updates on recoveries, a zero‑tolerance policy on extrajudicial killings, and announced reforms including a Presidential Task Force to overhaul the National Police Service. Cabinet Secretary Kithure Kindiki outlined the revival of the Police Equipment Modernisation Programme, including funding for new helicopters, UAVs and other technology to improve security and reduce reliance on the military. He also addressed ancillary issues such as the under‑performance of the Government Printer and shortages of birth‑registration forms, linking these to broader service delivery challenges. The discussion emphasized a phased approach: first silencing gun violence before undertaking long‑term infrastructural and socio‑economic projects in northern Kenya.

Members debated the urgent need to regulate gambling, focusing on media houses’ role in promoting betting and its detrimental impact on youth. They proposed limits on betting amounts and hours, mandatory corporate social responsibility contributions, and greater tax transparency to protect vulnerable populations. Procedural remarks and a welcome to visiting students were also noted. Members voiced strong concerns about the proliferation of betting and gambling, highlighting its social harms such as youth addiction, family breakdown, and tax evasion by media outlets. They called for stricter age limits, clearer regulatory frameworks, and better enforcement by the Kenya Revenue Authority. The debate also stressed the need for an implementation plan to translate the motion into concrete action. Members debated the regulation of gambling, noting that betting firms generate revenue for sports and media but also cause social harms, especially among youth. They called for legislation that captures tax proceeds for the Sports Fund, ensures consumer protection, and involves public participation, while warning of the negative impacts on families and education.

The morning Senate sitting on 12 April 2023 could not attain a quorum despite multiple calls using the Quorum Bell. The Speaker announced the lack of quorum and adjourned the session until the afternoon, referencing Standing Order No.40.

Senators voiced strong criticism over the privatization of state‑owned hotels without parliamentary oversight and highlighted concerns that the Higher Education Loans Board is channeling the majority of its funds to private universities, undermining public institutions. They also sought statements on delayed disbursements to university and TVET students and on the failure to release capitation funds to special schools, calling for greater accountability and public participation. Senators provided updates on the Senate Education Committee’s induction, stakeholder engagements and upcoming county oversight visits, and welcomed a delegation of US Congress members and Save the Children representatives, emphasizing bipartisan cooperation and support for disadvantaged children. The debate also highlighted challenges in public participation, noting an unexpectedly large turnout for a hearing on the Mung Beans Bill in Kitui County. Overall the tone was constructive and collaborative. Sen. Oketch Gicheru advocated registering street children to grant them identity and rights, while warning that privatisation of state entities must reflect the will of the people and be overseen by Parliament. Sen. Mwaruma echoed concerns about the lack of parliamentary involvement and transparency in recent privatisation decisions, demanding criteria and public participation. The Temporary Speaker managed time and procedural matters.

The House considered and adopted the report on two National Government Constituencies Development Fund committees, with members highlighting the failure of Kandara constituency to access allocated funds. A motion was also moved to ratify the Kenya‑United Kingdom defence cooperation agreement, but members raised serious reservations concerning alleged misconduct by the British Army Training Unit Kenya, including environmental damage and a murder case. The debate combined procedural approvals with critical scrutiny of the defence partnership. Members debated the high cost of living, praising the government's subsidy reductions and de‑dollarisation plans while also criticizing executive bloat, travel expenses and delayed salaries. Calls were made for tax compliance, investor incentives and timely payment of civil servant wages to restore confidence. The discussion reflected both optimism about upcoming improvements and concern over current fiscal management. Members from various parties offered heartfelt condolences for the untimely death of Hon. Kulow, praising his humility and service. Several speakers also highlighted the broader issue of road safety, especially the danger posed by motorbike riders, and suggested digital solutions such as camera surveillance. The session reflected both mourning and a call for constructive action.

Senators used the session to offer heartfelt condolences for the late Hon. Hassan Kullow, acknowledging his humility and service. They also highlighted the alarming number of boda‑boda accidents, urging stronger regulation and better pedestrian infrastructure to prevent further fatalities. Additionally, a welcome was extended to a Ugandan parliamentary delegation, emphasizing inter‑parliamentary cooperation. Senators debated the lack of a national civic education framework, urging the Standing Committee on Justice to address it and linking civic education to current youth protests over the cost of living. Several members highlighted how better civic education could empower citizens, reduce unrest, and improve governance, while the Deputy Speaker emphasized procedural efficiency. The Senate session began with procedural quorum calls before the Deputy Speaker announced the death of Hon. Kulow Maalim Hassan, prompting heartfelt condolences from several senators. The meeting also welcomed a visiting delegation from the Parliament of Uganda and highlighted Kenya's role in hosting the East African Parliamentary Institute. The overall tone combined solemn mourning with constructive remarks on regional parliamentary cooperation.

Senators used the afternoon session to welcome students from Lenana School, urging them to see themselves as Kenyan nationals rather than tribal groups and highlighting the school's legacy. Several members encouraged the youths to consider political leadership as a means to influence resource allocation, while also cautioning them to uphold good values and not be swayed by negative political role models. The exchange blended humor, personal anecdotes, and constructive advice about education and civic engagement. Senators debated the tension between protecting forest areas and addressing communities that were given land within those forests without title deeds, urging the committee to act swiftly. They highlighted procedural challenges under the Forest Act, warned against reversing previous government decisions, and called for broader land‑policy reforms to reduce conflict. The discussion combined criticism of current handling with constructive proposals for resolution. Senators debated the proposal to bring Cabinet Secretaries before the Senate for questioning and policy explanation. Sen. Wamatinga strongly supported the move as a step toward transparency, accountability and addressing cost‑of‑living concerns, while Sen. Osotsi warned that any such arrangements must strictly follow constitutional provisions and cautioned against political expediency.

The Senate confirmed quorum, welcomed a delegation from Turkana County and praised devolution efforts, and approved the fifth report of the Procedure and Rules Committee amending the Standing Orders to permit Cabinet Secretaries to appear before the Senate for questions. Detailed procedures, timelines and time limits for submitting questions, scheduling appearances, and handling supplementary questions were outlined. The afternoon Senate sitting devolved into a series of points of order and heated exchanges, with Senators Okiya Omtatah and Dr. Khalwale invoking Article 259 of the Constitution to challenge procedural decisions and accusing the presiding officer of overstepping. The temporary speaker and Speaker Kingi repeatedly intervened to restore order amid accusations of disrespect, shouting, laughter, and claims of intimidation. Senator Oketch Gicheru raised concerns about alleged state‑sponsored destruction of a former president’s property and broader impunity, prompting the Temporary Speaker to repeatedly instruct him to withdraw names and adhere to procedural rules. Other senators, notably Sen. Sifuna, highlighted inconsistencies in applying Senate customs regarding points of order. The exchange reflected heightened tension and a focus on both substantive allegations and parliamentary decorum.

Members of the National Assembly welcomed the Women’s League, praised Kenyan women’s contributions and historic female pioneers, and urged greater female participation in politics. The sitting also acknowledged school groups visiting the chamber, with MPs encouraging students to view parliamentarians as role models. The afternoon sitting opened with a heated exchange over respect and language, prompting the Temporary Speaker to enforce standing orders and drop a pending NG‑CDF nomination motion. The House then moved to a constructive debate, adopting a motion to note Kenya’s reports to the 144th and 145th Inter‑Parliamentary Union assemblies, emphasizing international cooperation and climate‑change advocacy. The session combined moments of tension with collaborative acknowledgment of global parliamentary work. Members discussed the need to constitutionally entrench and increase allocation for the NG‑CDF, while urging careful deliberation. Procedural motions were moved to extend the consideration period for a gender commission nominee and to adopt the NG‑CDF report on constituency committees, with points of order raised during the proceedings.

Senators debated the appropriate route for bringing Cabinet Secretaries before the Senate, stressing the Constitution’s separation of powers and the correct use of standing orders. While Sen. Wambua supported CS appearances, he opposed amending the Constitution via standing orders, prompting Sen. Mungatana and others to argue over Article 259’s interpretation and procedural legitimacy. The exchange featured respectful acknowledgments, procedural objections, and moments of levity, reflecting a mixed but constructive tone. Senators voiced alarm over dubious training certificates issued to Kenyan workers abroad, urging the Committee to verify their credibility and involve security agencies. They also highlighted irregularities in land acquisition for dam projects, stressing non‑compliance with the Land Use Policy and unfair compensation practices, and called for thorough investigations and possible legislative reforms. The debate combined criticism of existing flaws with constructive proposals for oversight. Senators highlighted the need for more police stations while urging the government to improve police welfare, including salaries, housing and incentives for further education, and criticized the handling of recent protests. The debate then shifted to Senate procedural matters, with members urging strict adherence to the 30‑day statutory period for committee reports before second‑reading bills and emphasizing constitutional requirements for public participation. Both strands reflected constructive suggestions alongside criticism of current practices.

The session was marked by procedural disputes over quorum and points of order, with members accusing the Temporary Speaker of bias and even questioning his fitness to preside. Heated exchanges gave way to calls for decorum, urging MPs to support the government and condemn ongoing protests that threaten the economy. While tension dominated the debate, some members appealed for unity and constructive engagement. Members debated recent demonstrations, condemning the loss of life and the economic disruption caused by protests in key business districts. They stressed the need to uphold the law, citing court jurisdiction and curfews, and urged the opposition to reconsider actions amid high cost‑of‑living pressures. The discussion highlighted tensions between constitutional rights to protest and concerns over public safety and economic stability. Members highlighted the widespread sexual harassment and exploitation of women workers on Kericho tea farms, urging investigations, criminal prosecutions and penalties for the implicated multinational companies. They also called for medical assistance, compensation for HIV/AIDS infections, and reforms to make labour officers more approachable and case reporting confidential. The debate combined criticism of the current situation with constructive proposals for legislative and administrative action.

Hon. Jane Kagiri moved a motion urging Kenya Power to lower electricity tariffs, linking high costs to climate impact, industrial competitiveness and household affordability. Hon. Caroli Omondi seconded, condemning alleged state capture and corruption in Power Purchase Agreements, and outlined reforms such as reviewing PPAs, retiring expensive fuel‑fired contracts, strengthening KETRACO’s dispatch role, and attracting a strategic investor for Kenya Power. Members voiced strong criticism of Kenya's power sector, highlighting high electricity tariffs, monopoly practices by KPLC, and costly PPAs with independent power producers. They called for reforms such as allowing KenGen to distribute electricity directly, strengthening EPRA’s independence, and improving access for households and businesses, especially in Trans‑Nzoia. The debate combined pointed grievances with constructive proposals for policy change. Hon. Farah Maalim denounced the elite capture of Kenya's economy, citing the privatization of strategic utilities, land grabs, and conflicts of interest among political leaders. He urged the Parliament to reverse these trends through land reform, greater transparency in IPP contracts, and a return to strong public sector services in health and education.

The session devolved into a heated exchange over alleged disrespect toward Islam, accusations of police brutality and political intimidation, and procedural disputes between senators and the temporary speaker. Senators invoked historical references and warned of "Stockholm syndrome" while demanding neutral arbitration and respect for minority voices. The debate highlighted deep tensions around security forces, religious sensitivity, and parliamentary order. The afternoon Senate sitting was dominated by procedural clashes and heated exchanges, with minority members accusing the majority leader of heckling and walking out, and raising a point of order over the Speaker’s vote on a report. The Temporary Speaker repeatedly intervened to restore order, enforce time limits and cite standing orders, while references were made to planned demonstrations by the Azimio One Kenya Alliance. Senators debated a motion to allow elected and nominated members to directly question Cabinet Secretaries, with some expressing support based on past parliamentary practice while others raised procedural and constitutional objections. The discussion devolved into heated exchanges over language, points of order, and decorum, prompting the temporary speaker to intervene repeatedly to restore order.

Members moved to extend the short recess by a week to allow committees to finalise bills and for MPs to engage with constituents, emphasizing that recess is not a holiday but a shift in work venue. The House then proceeded to discuss the Division of Revenue Bill, outlining the budget‑making cycle, vertical allocation of funds to counties and the role of the Commission on Revenue Allocation. The debate was largely procedural and explanatory, with no overt conflict. Hon. Ndindi Nyoro outlined the Division of Revenue Bill, detailing the Ksh3.6 trillion national budget and the Ksh430 billion earmarked for counties, including conditional grants and industrial park funding. He criticised the Senate’s reliance on projected revenues, urging the use of audited figures and a streamlined formula for disbursement, while highlighting the importance of road maintenance levies and support for county infrastructure projects. The debate combined constructive proposals with pointed criticism of budgeting practices. Hon. Muchangi Karemba argued against Kenya joining a union that would recognize LGBTQ rights, citing religious opposition and trade interests. Hon. Millie Odhiambo defended her senior‑counsel status, highlighted procedural disputes, and shifted focus to the ACP‑EU treaty, her role in the IPU Human Rights Committee, and broader human‑rights concerns for parliamentarians. The temporary speaker intervened to maintain order during the exchanges.

Senators highlighted serious shortcomings in the Last‑Mile Connectivity Project, noting that many transformers and power lines delivered to schools and public facilities remain non‑functional, leaving several counties with very low electricity coverage. They called on Kenya Power and the Ministry of Energy to provide comprehensive status reports and urged the National Assembly to allocate resources for corrective action, especially in northern and central regions. Senators debated a Bill aimed at strengthening TVET institutions, praising its focus on recognising artisan skills and shifting funding responsibilities to county governments. They raised concerns about trainer employment transitions, retirement benefits, and the proportion of funds retained by the national TVET Authority, urging clear transitional provisions and amendments. The discussion was constructive but highlighted significant implementation challenges. Senators Kajwang and Ogola led a supportive discussion on the County Vocational Education and Training Bill, emphasizing its role in enhancing vocational centres, accreditation, and recognition of prior learning to address unemployment and urban skill needs. The Speaker managed procedural matters, limiting speaking time while urging contributors to substantiate their points. Overall, the debate was constructive, focusing on improving vocational education under devolution.

Members praised the NG-CDF Committee for its role in funding education but highlighted persistent delays in fund disbursement, especially affecting bursaries and HELB loans. They called for timely releases, better coordination with school officials, and urgent attention to drought‑related school disruptions in vulnerable constituencies. Members raised concerns over delayed NG‑CDF disbursements, urging the committee and Treasury to expedite bursary payments for schoolchildren and to address fund‑manager overstays. The Treasury indicated forthcoming releases of allocated funds and proposed new board appointments and stricter oversight, while the motion was deferred to the next session. Hon. Opiyo Wandayi urged the National Assembly to reject the proposed Salaries and Remuneration Commission regulations, stressing that all delegated legislation must be approved by Parliament to uphold constitutional oversight. He also highlighted the severe economic challenges facing Kenya, including the sharp depreciation of the shilling and rising cost of living, calling for urgent political action. The speaker framed the rejection as both a defence of parliamentary authority and a response to public hardship.

Sen. Cheruiyot urged the Senate to approve the newly nominated members of the National Climate Change Council, stressing the urgency of robust climate policies for Kenya’s largely arid land. He criticised widespread environmental neglect, especially littering and river pollution, while praising recent initiatives such as the Nairobi River Commission and the Council’s constitutional mandate. The senator called for swift action by the Council and county governors to reverse environmental degradation and protect future generations. Senator Onyonka welcomed young visitors and used the debate to highlight Kenya's environmental challenges, calling for systematic tree‑planting audits, better county‑level coordination and stronger engagement with UNEP. He urged the government to support environmental studies through scholarships and warned that political and tribal disputes hinder effective forest and water‑tower management. The speech combined commendation of past efforts with criticism of current gaps, urging concrete policy action. Sen. Crystal Asige urged the Senate to make climate‑change policy inclusive of persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups, warning that current plans overlook their specific needs. The Temporary Speaker responded by welcoming visiting children, recalling a tragic school stampede, and pledging improvements in education and regional revenue allocation. Sen. Thang’wa concluded by supporting the motion to appoint members to the National Climate Change Council.

Hon. Sarah Korere denounced colonial attitudes and foreign‑imposed norms, urging the Parliament to protect families and Kenyan cultural values. Hon. Gonzi Rai echoed similar concerns, criticizing foreign dress codes, family‑planning mandates and aid dependency while calling for self‑reliance and adherence to religious teachings. Both speakers appealed for legislative measures to safeguard Kenyan traditions and reduce external influence. Members used strong religious and cultural rhetoric to condemn homosexuality, describing it as a fire that will destroy Kenya's social fabric and calling for urgent parliamentary action. They linked the issue to foreign influence and NGOs, urging legislation that upholds traditional values and protects the family unit. Hon. Gonzi Rai condemned practices he deemed contrary to the Constitution and divine law, expressing strong moral outrage. Hon. James Nyikal and other members argued that same‑sex relations and non‑traditional reproductive methods violate nature, culture and the Constitution, invoking religious and scientific reasoning. The Temporary Speaker and other members offered brief acknowledgments amid occasional laughter.

Senators debated a procedural impasse concerning the ruling and order related to the Senate Minority Leader, urging patience and the submission of required tribunal documents to resume normal business. The session also featured a eulogy honoring the late Francis Wangusi for his pivotal role in Kenya’s telecommunications development. The Senate approved three nominees to the National Climate Change Council while rejecting Ms. Umra Omar due to perceived lack of competence and preparation. Members discussed the importance of climate action, tree‑planting initiatives, and the administration of the Climate Change Fund, emphasizing coordination between national and county governments. Procedural remarks highlighted the need for transparency and effective oversight. Senators welcomed a group of Meru students, urging discipline and academic effort, and extended condolences to the family of the late Director General of the Communications Authority, Francis Wangusi, praising his service and urging support for his children. The session also featured a point of order from Sen. Kajwang on adhering to parliamentary tradition by addressing the Chair rather than speaking directly to gallery visitors.

Hon. Ndindi Nyoro outlined the FY 2023/24 budget ceilings, emphasizing allocations for the executive, parliament, judiciary and counties, while highlighting the heavy debt‑service burden and the need for internal borrowing. He stressed the importance of value‑addition, human‑capital development through healthcare and TVET, and urged policies to mitigate prolonged shocks such as drought, inflation and global economic pressures, projecting a 6% growth rate for Kenya. Members highlighted the shift towards a value‑chain‑oriented budget, praising the Kenya Kwanza administration’s focus on sectors such as leather, dairy, textiles, mining and the blue economy. They also lauded increased NG‑CDF allocations for school infrastructure, roads and junior secondary education, while noting past shortcomings in the Big Four agenda and classroom construction. The speakers urged diligent implementation and constituency engagement to ensure the funds translate into tangible economic benefits. Members debated the approval of nominees to the Climate Change Council, emphasizing the council’s critical role in addressing Kenya’s severe drought and broader climate challenges. They praised the expertise of most nominees while rejecting one candidate for insufficient environmental knowledge, and called for adequate resourcing and attention to carbon pricing and environmental legislation.

Senators discussed the government’s subsidised fertilizer programme, urging further devolution to sub‑county levels and calling for the inclusion of seeds and additional counties such as Baringo. The debate also highlighted the importance of agricultural productivity, irrigation projects and the role of education, with a senior senator welcoming school visitors to the Senate. While there was broad support for the initiative, concerns were raised about uneven coverage and the need for stronger extension services. Senators highlighted the logistical challenges farmers face in accessing subsidised fertilizer, urging stronger collaboration between national and county governments to deliver inputs at sub‑county level. They praised the current Kenya Kwanza production‑subsidy programme while sharply criticizing the previous "handshake" administration's alleged mis‑management of food subsidies. The debate concluded with a call for the Committee on Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries to provide detailed answers on programme implementation across all counties. Senators highlighted widespread land fraud and double allocation, focusing on a case involving Ms. Sophia and its impact on housing projects, and called on the Ministry of Lands, the DCI and other bodies to investigate. The Speaker subsequently committed the petition to the Committee on Roads, Transportation and Housing and moved on to procedural business, including the tabling of several Auditor‑General reports. The session mixed substantive criticism with routine parliamentary procedures.

Members highlighted the persistent problem of non‑performing loans and the growing public debt, criticizing the Treasury’s debt strategy, inconsistent debt figures and lack of transparency. They called for a detailed review of guaranteed obligations, alternative financing in local currency, and stricter fiscal discipline, including possible budget cuts. The debate also praised the newly formed Public Debt and Privatisation Committee while urging greater accountability. Members debated the growing burden of undisbursed loans and commitment fees, urging the Treasury to provide detailed reports and cancel non‑disburseable loans. They advocated for stronger loan pre‑conditions, a sinking fund, and a single Treasury account to improve cash flow, while calling for tighter controls on county borrowing and state‑owned entities. Constructive recommendations were offered alongside sharp criticism of current debt‑management practices. Hon. Johana Kipyegon warned that soaring land prices are driving a housing crisis and expanding slums, and presented the Affordable Housing Programme with a request for Ksh6 billion in supplementary funding to deliver 100 units per constituency. The Speaker repeatedly intervened, insisting the statement be read verbatim and limiting any debate, highlighting procedural tension. The exchange underscored the need for government land, local involvement and financing to bridge a deficit of over 2 million homes.

Senators criticised chronic power outages, high electricity tariffs and alleged mismanagement at Kenya Power, linking these issues to reduced investment and public hardship. They called for greater investment in renewable energy, improved infrastructure, and reforms such as portable metering tokens. The debate combined strong criticism with constructive proposals for policy and funding changes. Sen. Githuku highlighted chronic electricity shortages on Faza Island in Lamu County, urging the government to connect the area to the national grid and address the economic impact on fishermen. The remainder of the sitting focused on procedural matters, including statements on village elder remuneration, Kenya’s participation in the Open Government Partnership, and a request for a statement on Narok County earth‑moving equipment tenders. The debate combined concern over service delivery with routine parliamentary business. Senators highlighted the severe impact of recurring power outages on households, businesses and health, urging that Kenya Power be held accountable and compensated for damages. They called for legislative action to allow mini‑grids, county‑level generation and competition to break Kenya Power's monopoly. The debate combined criticism of the current provider with constructive proposals for regulatory reform and alternative energy solutions.

Hon. Ali Raso briefed the House on the upcoming post‑Cotonou EU‑ACP partnership, highlighting its implications for trade, governance and human‑rights cooperation. He also emphasized Kenya’s maritime security challenges, climate‑change impacts on resource‑based conflicts, and concerns about cohesion within the OACPS, especially following South Africa’s withdrawal. The speech was largely informational with calls for unified regional action. Members debated the tension between Western values and African cultural norms, emphasizing that LGBTQ rights are not compatible with Kenya's constitution. The discussion also called for greater African economic integration, including a common currency, and criticized perceived EU interference in regional affairs. While some speakers praised the report and parliamentary cooperation, others highlighted political fear and the need for institutional memory. Hon. Kassait Kamket complained that the Departmental Committee on Environment, Forestry and Mining failed to invite him to discuss a Kenya Forest Service recruitment issue affecting his constituency, expressing frustration at the perceived casual handling. Several members raised procedural points of order concerning the timing and format of committee responses to questions, while Hon. Wanami Wamboka delivered a status statement on the dire financial condition of public universities, prompting clarification on whether it was a committee report or a personal statement. The sitting highlighted both constituency grievances and procedural debates within the House.