Sittings

Senators debated the procedural validity of a resolution from the Isiolo County Assembly to remove its governor, focusing on whether the required two‑thirds majority and proper documentation were satisfied. Witnesses questioned the certification of the County Assembly Hansard and the relevance of court orders, framing the issue as a preliminary objection before any substantive trial can proceed. The discussion highlighted the need to adhere strictly to standing orders, manuals, and constitutional provisions governing impeachment processes. County Assembly counsel argued that the Governor's attempt to halt impeachment proceedings is unlawful, citing Supreme Court and Court of Appeal rulings that lower court orders can be ignored if erroneous. They emphasized the need to allow the Senate to hear the case fully, noting that allegations of forgery must be specifically pleaded and proven. The Speaker scheduled additional time for both sides before the Senate makes a determination on the preliminary objection. The Senate convened a special sitting to begin the impeachment hearing of Isiolo County Governor Hon. Abdi Ibrahim Hassan, outlining procedural steps including a closed‑door preparatory session and granting equal time for the County Assembly and the Governor’s legal teams. Counsel for the Governor raised a preliminary objection questioning the legal nature of the County Assembly’s resolution, seeking to have the alleged impeachment deemed a ‘phantom’ process. The Speaker managed the agenda, granting the requested time allocations and moving the hearing forward.

Senators and witnesses debated whether sufficient evidence existed to prove that a County Assembly sitting took place, requesting video recordings amid claims that the Assembly was vandalised and records stolen during violent disruptions. The Speaker managed procedural objections, allowing the videos to be shown while also addressing the legality of a contested court order and the Governor’s invitation. The discussion highlighted issues of evidence, procedural fairness, and the impact of the violence on legislative records. Senators debated whether a prior sitting had actually occurred and stressed the need to follow constitutional and parliamentary procedures, especially concerning motions and the possible impeachment of a governor. The Speaker and several members highlighted procedural gaps, such as missing minutes and notices, urging strict adherence to established rules. The discussion was largely procedural with some criticism of alleged procedural lapses, reflecting a mixed but formal tone. Senators debated the need to adhere to due process before any removal of the Isiolo County Governor, citing constitutional safeguards and past legal analogies. The Speaker repeatedly stressed procedural compliance, warned against referencing the President in the debate, and maintained order. The discussion highlighted tensions between political motivations and legal requirements.

Hon. Emmanuel Wangwe highlighted the Auditor‑General’s findings that persons with albinism and other persons with disabilities face severe gaps in access to essential skincare items, assistive devices and educational support due to inadequate funding, poor outreach and non‑compliance with budget caps. He criticised the National Council for Persons with Disabilities for mismanaging infrastructure grants, failing to coordinate medical assessments for device distribution, and not ensuring retention in schools, urging the House to address these systemic shortcomings. The sitting opened with light‑hearted exchanges about a misplaced handbag, after which Hon. Kuria Kimani moved a motion to ratify Kenya’s accession to the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, highlighting expected cheaper credit and Kenya’s role in hosting global institutions. The motion was seconded by Hon. Julius Rutto and proceeded to a vote after procedural interjections from the Speaker and members. The debate focused on rice production, farmer support measures and the role of KNTC in creating strategic reserves, while also addressing the President’s reservations on two Bills concerning land commission amendments and cancer prevention. The Speaker managed procedural interruptions, admonished members for lengthy remarks, and directed the referral of the Bills to the relevant committees. Overall, the session combined constructive policy discussion with moments of tension and procedural enforcement.

The Senate met in a special sitting to address the impeachment motion against Isiolo County Governor Hon. Abdi Ibrahim Hassan, reading the charges and debating the procedure. A motion was moved to establish an 11‑member special committee to investigate the removal, and the Senate proceeded to vote electronically on the matter. The Senate debated a motion to establish a special committee to investigate the impeachment of Isiolo County Governor Hon. Abdi Ibrahim Hassan, following a county assembly resolution. The motion was not seconded and was deemed withdrawn, leading the Speaker to outline procedural steps for a possible plenary investigation and set the next sitting date. The discussion highlighted procedural considerations and the need for transparent handling of the impeachment process.

Sen. Olekina praised the recent increase in county funding and affirmed support for the mediated Division of Revenue Bill, while urging greater attention to youth challenges, rural‑urban migration, and the protection of Nairobi National Park. He also criticised reliance on external lenders and highlighted visa‑related frustrations for Kenyan youth, calling for stronger local revenue generation and constitutional empowerment of the Senate and counties. Senators debated the Ksh415 billion allocation to counties, criticizing the joint national‑county funding model for industrial parks and urging full devolution of health services and faster disbursements. The discussion turned contentious when accusations were raised about the Nairobi governor using resources to hire goons, leading to points of order and a demand for evidence. The Speaker intervened to keep the debate focused on the mediated bill and procedural matters. The Senate convened a special afternoon sitting to consider the Mediation Committee's report on the Division of Revenue Bill (National Assembly Bills No.10 of 2025). Senators moved and debated motions to adopt the mediated version of the Bill, outlining the revised fiscal allocations between national and county governments and referencing relevant constitutional articles. The Speaker also listed the Environmental Management and Coordination (Amendment) Bill for first reading.

Members debated a constitutional amendment to entrench the National Government Constituencies Development Fund (NG‑CDF) and the National Government‑Affirmative Action Fund, emphasizing their historical success in depoliticising development and the need for constitutional certainty. While the speakers expressed strong support and cited public backing, they also criticised opponents as uninformed activists and warned of the consequences of rejecting the amendment. The debate highlighted the importance of direct funding to constituencies and the role of Parliament in overseeing development projects. Members of Parliament debated the constitutional entrenchment of the NGCF, NGAAF and the Senate Oversight Fund, highlighting their tangible community benefits such as water tanks and bursaries. While Hon. Osoro urged increased funding and better resources for Senate oversight, Hon. Nyikal defended the funds’ transparent structures and argued they are not personal pocket money for MPs. Both speakers called for the bills to pass, emphasizing development and accountability. The afternoon sitting was largely procedural, but focused on a detailed statement by Hon. Bernard Shinali concerning the theft of Ksh25.5 million from Nakayonjo Farmers’ Cooperative, highlighting inadequate security and lack of insurance. Members sought clarification on cash‑withdrawal guidelines, insurance requirements for cooperatives, and the status of the criminal investigation. The debate reflected concern over mismanagement while maintaining parliamentary decorum.

Hon. Danson Mwashako highlighted the vital role of the NG‑CDF in funding student scholarships and improving school infrastructure, urging that the fund not be allowed to lapse. Hon. Peter Kaluma backed a constitutional amendment to embed the NG‑CDF, NG‑AAF and Senate Oversight Fund in the Constitution, arguing it would secure equitable national‑government funding and remove parliamentary involvement in fund administration. Both speakers called for a decisive vote to protect education financing across Kenya. Hon. Caleb Mule championed the entrenchment of the NG‑CDF, highlighting its impact on schools, bursaries, sports and local infrastructure, while urging a vote to constitutionalise the fund. Hon. Kuria Kimani shifted the debate to recent violent demonstrations, alleging political targeting of his home and others, condemning the unrest and calling for peaceful resolution through the ballot. The session combined constructive advocacy for development funding with sharp criticism of political violence and instability. Members debated the Constitution Amendment Bill that seeks to entrench the National Government Constituencies Development Fund (NG‑CDF), the National Government Allocation Authority Fund (NGAAF) and the Senate Oversight Fund. While Hon. Osero and Hon. Kipchumba voiced strong support, citing the funds' impact and public endorsement, they raised concerns about terminology, overlap with devolved functions, and the appropriateness of a Senate oversight fund. The discussion highlighted the need to clarify roles and improve project continuity as the Bill moves toward a vote.

Members debated the handling of the Supplementary Estimates, with Hon. Makali Mulu being criticised for allegedly missing committee sessions and prioritising other engagements. The discussion turned to procedural matters, including amendments to the First and Second Schedules of the Bill, and reminders about order of precedence in the House. While some members defended the timing of the estimates, others highlighted perceived neglect and called for better participation. Members discussed the re‑allocation of Ksh500 million to the NGAAF, raising the fund to Ksh4 billion for the 2025/26 budget, and debated an amendment to the First Schedule of the Bill. The debate turned contentious, with heated exchanges between Hon. Kaluma and Hon. Makali Mulu over procedural clarity and parliamentary decorum. While some members sought clarification on budget details, others resorted to personal attacks, reflecting a mixed tone. Members debated Supplementary Estimates III, highlighting the need to align expenditures with lower revenue forecasts and urging swift approval before the fiscal year ends. While acknowledging increased funding for security and emergency priorities, concerns were raised about cuts to development, education, and road projects. The discussion was largely procedural, with calls for rapid passage of the motion.

Hon. Kuria Kimani advocated for the passage of the Virtual Assets Bill, highlighting its potential to create up to 25,000 jobs and position Kenya as a leading African hub for blockchain innovation. He stressed the need for a clear regulatory framework to protect consumers after incidents like the Bitstream Circle collapse, outlining licensing requirements, conflict‑of‑interest rules, and enforcement mechanisms. The debate balanced enthusiasm for digital‑asset growth with caution about financial and systemic risks. Members debated the Virtual Asset Service Providers Bill, with Hon. Naomi Waqo praising its potential for financial inclusion, digital innovation and regional leadership. Hon. Esther Passaris used the opportunity to address the upcoming anniversary of the Gen Z uprising, urging peaceful prayer, police restraint and dialogue rather than violence. The debate combined strong support for the legislation with concerns over youth unrest and calls for police reform. The afternoon sitting was dominated by procedural business, with members laying papers and giving notice of motions on the Budget and Appropriations Supplementary Estimates, the Constitution Implementation Oversight Committee report, public debt and privatisation, and the ratification of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development agreement. A notable exchange occurred between the Speaker and Hon. Kassait Kamket, who contested media portrayals of him, resulting in a brief, tense dialogue.

Members highlighted the shortcomings of Kenya’s devolution system, urging reforms and better oversight of county resources. They expressed strong support for the mediated version of the Division of Revenue Bill and called for mediation over litigation between the National Assembly, Senate and County Governors. The debate also stressed the need for greater accountability, civic education and empowerment of county assemblies to ensure allocated funds translate into tangible development. Members praised the County Public Finance Laws (Amendment) Bill for granting county assemblies direct control over their budgets, enabling quicker emergency funding and enhancing accountability. While the majority supported the Bill, concerns were raised about potential over‑empowerment of clerks and the need to curb corrupt governors, with a call for Senate action to block former governors from Senate seats. The debate reflected both optimism about devolution and caution over implementation challenges. Hon. Farah Maalim used his floor time to condemn widespread corruption and mismanagement of devolution funds, especially in rural electrification projects and the NG‑CDF, urging Parliament to enforce stronger accountability measures. He called on legislators to use committee powers to amend laws and stop the misuse of national resources. The remainder of the sitting included brief acknowledgments of student visitors and procedural remarks on a pending motion.

Members debated the Equalisation Fund Appropriation Bill, outlining a Ksh16.8 billion allocation based on audited 2021/22 revenue and highlighting the need to address arrears and regional disparities. While the revenue projections were praised as sufficient to fund the allocations without increasing borrowing, concerns were raised about governors’ discipline and the need for direct central‑bank disbursement to ensure accountability. The discussion also touched on broader goals of job creation and industrialisation. The session focused on procedural motions to amend various clauses of a Bill, with members debating the need for explicit timelines for the issuance of regulations. The Speaker highlighted ongoing work to constitutionalise the NGAAF, NG‑CDF and Senate Oversight Fund, and acknowledged a court‑directed amendment to the Roads Act, while also noting progress on the RMLF disbursement. Members expressed both support for swift legislative action and concern over unrealistic implementation deadlines. Members debated a series of amendments (clauses 33B‑33E) to ensure a smooth transition from the former National Council for Population and Development to the new Kenya National Population Council. The proposals aim to protect employees' tenure, preserve ongoing legal proceedings, and reinterpret existing contracts and directives in favour of the successor council. The House expressed broad support for the amendments, highlighting continuity and legal certainty.

Members highlighted the urgent need for a regulatory framework for artificial intelligence, warning that the rapid pace of AI development outstrips the government's ability to respond. They expressed concern that AI could exacerbate unemployment, especially among teachers and new graduates, and called for recruiting tech‑savvy talent and raising public awareness. The debate combined caution about current gaps with constructive proposals for policy and capacity building. The House debated the Senate amendments to the National Construction Authority (Amendment) Bill, with members supporting the removal of Clause 8 to promote participation of women, youth and persons with disabilities, and ultimately rejecting the Senate proposals. A brief incident of a member moving around during the Temporary Speaker’s address was addressed with an apology. The Committee reported that the Wildlife Conservation and Management (Amendment) Bill was approved without amendments. Members debated Hon. Faith Gitau's motion to upgrade Kenya's national trunk roads to dual carriageways, citing current single‑lane congestion, safety hazards, and the need for footbridges and drainage. They emphasized that improved road infrastructure is essential for economic growth, regional connectivity, and urged public‑private partnerships to fund the expansion. The discussion was broadly supportive, highlighting Kenya's status as a leading African economy and the urgency of modernising transport networks.

The session began with acknowledgments of school visitors and the Bunge la Mwananchi youth group, followed by Hon. Fatuma Mohammed urging the establishment of similar citizen oversight bodies across counties. Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah supported a motion to appoint three nominees, emphasizing gender balance and merit, and then launched a broader discussion on respecting police officers, condemning excesses of force, and calling out political figures for unsubstantiated accusations. The debate combined commendations with criticism, reflecting both constructive and contentious tones. Members expressed deep concern over recent police‑related deaths in Homa Bay, offering condolences and calling for accountability, while also affirming confidence in new police service nominees and upcoming recruitment reforms. The debate then shifted to the Finance Bill 2025, with Hon. Kuria Kimani highlighting tax‑administration reforms, simplification of existing taxes, and alignment with climate and economic stimulus goals. Procedural motions were noted, and the session concluded with a transition of chairmanship. Hon. Kuria Kimani outlined several tax‑policy amendments, supporting targeted incentives for Special Economic Zones, regional investment, and fintech/virtual‑asset development while warning against measures that could deter investment outside Nairobi and Mombasa. He advocated retaining the 15% corporate tax rate for vehicle assembly and affordable housing and preserving zero‑rated status for key manufacturing and green‑energy inputs, linking these to Kenya’s BETA and Vision 2030 goals. The speech balanced endorsement of growth‑stimulating reforms with caution over proposals that might undermine regional equity and sectoral progress.

The Minister outlined a series of reforms aimed at modernising Kenya's pension administration, accelerating the Treasury Single Account integration and adopting zero‑based budgeting to improve fiscal transparency. He then detailed the 2025/2026 budget allocations, emphasizing large investments in agricultural transformation, the blue economy, land reforms, MSME financing and affordable housing. The overall tone was optimistic, highlighting progress and commitment despite limited resources. The Speaker outlined a comprehensive set of budget allocations covering agriculture, industry, security, social protection, youth and women empowerment, and environmental initiatives. While acknowledging persistent challenges such as unemployment and climate change, the speech emphasized increased funding to boost production, improve safety, and support vulnerable populations. The proposals also highlighted greater devolution funding and enhanced parliamentary and judicial resources. The debate focused on additional fiscal allocations to county governments and the Equalisation Fund, alongside the introduction of the County Governments (Revenue Raising Process) Bill to enhance own‑source revenue. The Treasury highlighted tax‑revenue reforms in the Finance Bill 2025, emphasizing administrative simplification, rationalisation of tax expenditures and targeted customs duty adjustments agreed with the EAC to support key sectors such as agriculture, telecommunications and manufacturing.

Senators discussed the Social Protection Bill, emphasizing the need for county‑specific legislation and interoperable registries to deliver cash transfers and support to vulnerable groups such as the elderly, orphans, urban poor, and impoverished students. Personal anecdotes highlighted the positive impact of modest cash assistance on dignity and livelihoods, while urging a broader scope for the Bill’s implementing board. Senators used the afternoon sitting to request statements from various standing committees on a range of pressing issues, from constituency boundary reviews and tea price disparities to county budget adjustments and land rate practices. Additional concerns were raised about vacancies in the National Police Service Commission, the role of technology in procurement transparency, and the conduct of county enforcement officers, highlighting both procedural and substantive challenges facing governance. Senators debated an amendment to the County Allocation of Revenue formula, seeking to ensure that all counties, especially the identified twelve low‑allocation counties, receive a minimum share and invoking Article 203 for affirmative action. The discussion highlighted differing positions on the total pool of funds (Ksh 405‑465 billion) and the need for equitable devolution, while the Speaker managed procedural tensions and urged a vote.

Senators raised procedural concerns after the Mace was covered, questioning the legality and binding nature of a two‑hour session and requesting that witnesses be sworn in. The Speaker clarified that the sitting was a special suspension, not a Committee of the Whole, and that the discussion would feed into the Standing Committee on National Security, Defence and Foreign Relations’s report. Senators condemned the absence of the IPOA Chairman and criticised the body as ineffective in investigating police crimes, while demanding answers from the Inspector General of Police and the DCI about the booking, health status, and CCTV tampering related to the death of a suspect named Albert. They also called on the Cabinet Secretary to uphold constitutional duties and ensure accountability of senior police officers, urging the release of CCTV footage and clarification on the status of arrested officers. Senators examined the death of Albert Ojwang while in police custody, hearing condolences and statements from the National Police Service Commission and the Directorate of Criminal Investigations. The debate focused on the ongoing investigation by the Independent Policing Oversight Authority, potential disciplinary actions against officers, and the need for transparent, accountable processes.

Hon. Owen Baya highlighted severe traffic congestion in Nairobi and the broader Nairobi‑Mombasa corridor, urging accelerated dual carriageway projects and the removal of roundabouts. He linked poor rural road networks to post‑harvest losses, poverty and uneven economic development, calling for equitable budget allocations to upgrade county roads. The debate mixed criticism of current road policies with constructive proposals for infrastructure investment. Hon. Adan Keynan highlighted the chronic neglect of road infrastructure in northern and eastern Kenya, contrasting it with past regional projects and the potential benefits of improved connectivity, especially with Ethiopia. He urged amendments to the current Bill to prioritize minor and rural roads, protect development institutions like KeRRA and NG‑CDF, and ensure equitable infrastructure development across the country. Members highlighted chronic neglect of road and air transport infrastructure in Turkana and other regions, citing poor road conditions, corruption in contract awards, and inadequate design that hampers economic activity and safety. They urged the government to prioritize new transport corridors, improve airstrips, and adopt better road planning to unlock regional potential. The debate combined criticism of past failures with support for the motion to address these issues.

Senators interrogated the Cabinet Secretary for Interior on the scope of his constitutional authority over the police, the prevalence of extrajudicial killings and abductions, and the mechanisms for police accountability. The Minister clarified Article 245(4), emphasizing that only the Director of Public Prosecutions may direct investigations, while outlining steps taken such as the Jukwaa la Usalama forums and prosecutions of kidnapping cases. He reaffirmed a commitment to eradicate police misconduct and improve oversight. Senators highlighted the slow progress of IPOA investigations compared to DCI cases, attributing delays to limited resources and capacity. The Cabinet Secretary acknowledged the need for additional investigators and policy reforms, proposing reviews of legislation, standing orders, and the use of commissions of inquiry. Ongoing challenges such as inadequate police infrastructure and training were also noted. Senators raised concerns over the death of Albert Ojwang’ while in police custody, urging the Independent Police Oversight Authority (IPOA) to conduct a thorough, evidence‑based investigation and calling for accountability regardless of rank. The Inspector General of Police responded, outlining procedural steps taken, including the interdiction of officers, and emphasized adherence to the rule of law. The debate highlighted broader issues of police brutality, abductions, and the need for transparent oversight mechanisms.

Members criticised the lack of implementation of the Treasury Single Account and e‑procurement reforms, accusing bureaucrats of corruption and highlighting the financial loss from subsidised Kenya Airways loans and unpaid commitment fees. They called for concrete timelines, stronger parliamentary oversight, and transparency on loan guarantees and interest differentials. The debate combined constructive proposals with sharp criticism of current practices. Members discussed the Learners with Disabilities Bill, praising recent budget allocations for special‑needs education while raising procedural concerns that delayed the vote. Hon. Caroli Omondi then criticised the Political Parties Fund provisions for excluding independent candidates, calling the measures discriminatory and urging amendments. The debate highlighted both support for inclusive education and contention over electoral financing fairness. Hon. Peter Kaluma praised the Senate‑originated disability bill, drawing on personal experiences of disability to underscore the urgent need for accessible infrastructure, resources and specialised training in schools for learners with disabilities. He highlighted chronic challenges such as water shortages, inadequate funding and vague legislative language, urging constructive amendments to ensure clear, enforceable rights. While expressing strong overall support, he called for clarification of provisions, especially regarding equal treatment and parental responsibilities.

The Senate moved a procedural motion to suspend its proceedings in order to interrogate the Cabinet Secretary for Interior, the Inspector General of Police and oversight bodies about the death of Mr. Albert Ojwang while in police custody. The motion was seconded and debated without opposition, reflecting a cooperative but concerned approach to the issue. The session was then adjourned for the day.

Senators debated a Bill aimed at making Kenya a globally competitive business hub, with Sen. Cheruiyot urging further amendments and praising the reform’s potential for sectors such as tourism, agriculture and BPO. The Speaker then announced a motion to suspend the sitting for up to two hours so that the Cabinet Secretary for Interior, the Inspector General of Police and other officials could be questioned about the death of Albert Ojwang’ while in police custody. The proceedings combined constructive legislative discussion with urgent oversight of police conduct. Senators demanded urgent answers on the custodial death of Albert Ojwang’, urging the Cabinet Secretary for security, the IPOA chair, the NPSC chair and the IGP to explain the circumstances, delays and accountability of the police involved. They highlighted systemic issues of police misconduct, the need for transparent investigations, and called for possible legislative action to prevent future occurrences. The debate combined criticism of law‑enforcement practices with a constructive push for oversight and closure for the victim’s family. Sen. Wambua called for the official implicated in harassment allegations to step down pending investigation, arguing this would provide closure and uphold accountability. The Speaker then moved a procedural motion, which was approved without debate, and the Senate was adjourned until the afternoon session.

Sen. Oketch Gicheru urged that the inter‑county revenue‑sharing formula must protect every county from losing funds, emphasizing a baseline of Ksh 387 billion and highlighting the viability challenges of eleven smaller counties. He advocated a compromise amendment of Ksh 3 billion to ring‑fence development money for those counties, warning that both lower and higher proposals are inadequate or prohibitive, and called for urgent passage before broader fiscal negotiations such as DORA. Senators condemned the death of Albert Ojwang, alleging police involvement and a cover‑up, and demanded swift investigation and accountability. They called for the resignation of the Interior Ministry head and a parliamentary inquiry into extrajudicial killings and broader security failures. The debate highlighted frustration with perceived impunity and the need for stronger oversight. Senators mourned the death of a young teacher, Albert, and accused the police of misconduct and a pattern of custodial deaths. They demanded the resignation of senior security officials, condemned alleged corruption in police funding, and warned that the government’s failure to act fuels unrest. The speakers also called for unity, reforms and a moment of silence in solidarity with the family.

Members debated discrepancies in budget figures presented by the Budget and Appropriations Committee, seeking clarification on units and amendments. Amendments were moved to increase funding for coffee dryers and to address re‑allocation of funds such as the Ksh530 million for sugar reforms. Concerns were also raised about a Ksh600 million reduction in the National Social Safety Net and delays in releasing payments to senior citizens. The debate covered new allocations for primary healthcare (Ksh13 bn) and emergency/critical care funds (Ksh10 bn), as well as an increased budget for UHC workers (Ksh6.1 bn). A proposed amendment to raise the road transport budget by Ksh21.8 bn sparked discussion over the need to table detailed road lists for transparency, while members also queried rail transport spending and access to budget documents, leading to procedural tension. Members debated the supply vote for the Deputy President’s office, with some defending the reduced Ksh3 billion allocation as prudent while others questioned its constitutional basis and lack of clear programme detail. The Chair facilitated points of order and urged focus on national priorities, highlighting concerns over transparency and potential waste of resources.

The Speaker corrected a Ksh300 million variance in the budget figures and praised the pro bono lawyers who secured the Road Maintenance Levy Fund for MPs. Members raised concerns over the escalating national budget, inadequate funding for education—including low capitation grants and poorly paid intern teachers—and the failed Medical Equipment Scheme, while also noting a court injunction affecting the NG‑CDF Bill. The debate combined procedural acknowledgments with sharp criticism of fiscal allocations and service delivery. Members debated the 2025/2026 budget, highlighting concerns that national ministries are encroaching on devolved functions and urging that resources be allocated fairly to counties, especially the historically marginalised Lake and Northern regions. While criticism was voiced over uneven water and health project distribution, the Committee’s report was praised for incorporating infrastructure, energy, agriculture and social services aimed at fiscal consolidation and inclusive growth. The discussion underscored the need for transparent, equitable budgeting to restore public trust. Members praised the new budget for its focus on eliminating wasteful expenditure, supporting the Social Health Authority’s universal health coverage system, and allocating resources for infrastructure, electricity and education in Nairobi’s underserved areas. Hon. Mark Mwenje highlighted specific constituency projects—roads, boreholes, classrooms—and urged continued equity across regions, while also expressing caution over recent rulings and past political marginalisation. The debate combined optimism about the budget’s fairness with concerns about implementation and governance.

Senators debated an amendment to tie county allocations to a poverty index, praising the successful lobbying that secured Kshs2 billion for the 11 counties while questioning the appropriate total fiscal envelope ranging from Kshs405 billion to Kshs450 billion. The discussion highlighted concerns over over‑allocation, lack of clear funding data, and criticism of governors’ conduct, reflecting both constructive and critical tones. Sen. Dr. Khalwale criticised the arbitrary selection of counties for a Kshs 405 million affirmative‑action allocation, arguing it undermines fiscal fairness and urges a focus on national economic growth and own‑source revenue, especially via a blue‑economy cruise initiative on Lake Victoria. He also highlighted mineral wealth, the need for merit‑based hiring, and called for broader, big‑picture resource sharing, while the Temporary Speaker pressed for naming corrupt leaders. The debate mixed criticism of current funding decisions with proposals for regional development and governance reforms. Senators raised concerns over persistent vaccine shortages and the looming loss of donor funding, calling for clearer financing and faster procurement. They highlighted safety lapses in small‑scale mining, criticized the reduction in milk purchases from farmers and reliance on imports, and demanded greater transparency on mineral surveys and strategic mineral designation. The Deputy Speaker echoed these points, urging ministries to appear before the House.

Members discussed the Agriculture and Livestock Extension Services Bill, emphasizing the need to revitalize extension officers, incorporate AI and digital tools, and address health and climate challenges linked to pesticide use. While acknowledging the sector’s decline and resource gaps, they expressed strong support for the bill as a means to boost productivity and youth involvement in farming. Members unanimously praised the Agricultural Extension Services Bill, arguing that a network of extension officers in every ward would boost livestock and crop productivity, improve food security and reduce reliance on imports. They highlighted past successes, the need for modern farming knowledge, and the role of extension officers in climate‑change adaptation and rural development. The debate called for clear coordination between county and national governments to revive these services. Members criticised the current lack of qualified agricultural extension officers and the negative impact of devolution on farmer support, linking it to food‑security risks and incidents such as fake fertiliser imports. They urged swift passage of the Agricultural and Livestock Service Policy Bill to certify extension workers, improve coordination between national and county governments, and strengthen farmer guidance. The debate combined criticism of existing shortcomings with optimism that the Bill will address these gaps.

Senator Mungatana led a heartfelt tribute to the late Professor Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, highlighting his literary achievements, anti‑colonial activism, and advocacy for African languages. The Senate honored his legacy, urged continued revolutionary spirit among the youth, and moved a motion to formally recognize his contributions. The tone was reverent and optimistic about building on his ideals. Senator Fatuma Dullo used a personal statement to condemn Governor Abdi Ibrahim Hassan for making sexist and defamatory remarks during Madaraka Day celebrations, accusing him of misogyny, mismanagement of county funds, and facilitating drug trafficking that endangers youth. She called for accountability, amendment of standing orders to discuss such matters, and highlighted broader health‑system concerns about equipment maintenance and insurance. The Deputy Speaker regulated the debate while other senators voiced support for Dullo’s condemnation. Senators used the afternoon sitting to eulogise Professor Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, praising his literary achievements, anti‑colonial activism and impact on Kenyan culture, while offering condolences to his family and the literary community. The session was intermittently disrupted by procedural matters, including a quorum call and points of order, which were managed by the Deputy and Temporary Speakers.

Senators repeatedly questioned the Cabinet Secretary on prolonged pension processing times, alleged misuse of Article 223 funds, and cases of pension fraud affecting teachers, police and former public servants. They urged the adoption of blockchain and biometric systems to automate and secure the pension pipeline, while the Treasury acknowledged systemic delays and ongoing reforms. The debate highlighted frustration over unpaid arrears and calls for stronger oversight. Senators debated tax reforms, noting the government's reluctance to raise rates and the need to restructure the housing levy while addressing PAYE and corporate tax reductions pending KRA performance. The Speaker highlighted longstanding regional inequities, citing infrastructure gaps such as the Tana River bridge, and pledged major road projects and support for the tea sector. Procedural reminders were given as Senators sought to ask supplementary questions on pension digitisation and other fiscal matters. Senators questioned the lack of transparency around funding for coastal and blue‑economy projects, highlighted illegal fishing practices and the safety risks faced by fishermen, and urged the ministry to provide modern rescue equipment. The Cabinet Secretary responded by outlining allocations for boats, upcoming drone and helicopter initiatives, and ongoing infrastructure projects across coastal counties and inland water bodies.

Hon. Kimani highlighted positive outcomes from recent budget estimates, noting improved agricultural output, food security and housing deliveries, while also stressing the economy’s modest recovery. He warned of a looming Ksh876 billion fiscal deficit and urged careful revenue allocation, calling for greater accountability from county governors and cautioning against inflating devolution funding. The speech called for disciplined mediation with the Senate on the Division of Revenue Bill to avoid worsening the deficit. Members debated the 2024/2025 budget, highlighting shortcomings in land compensation, the Equalisation Fund and public‑participation allocations while condemning corruption and delayed payment of pending bills. They also discussed infrastructure needs such as rural electrification, water supply and examination‑fee support, urging more transparent and equitable budgeting. Some members praised committee stewardship but called for further improvements before final approval. Members debated the shortcomings of universal health care financing, highlighting a detained patient’s case and urging stronger SHIF registration. They also critiqued county government spending and fiscal deficit reporting while praising the Appropriations Committee’s austerity measures and progress on affordable housing and infrastructure.

Members debated Kenya’s accession to the international Fishery Subsidies Agreement, highlighting its potential to curb illegal fishing and protect both deep‑sea and inland fisheries. While Hon. Nyikal endorsed ratification for legal and economic reasons, Hon. Baya criticised the existing licensing regime and warned against imposing foreign rules that could worsen fishermen’s poverty. The discussion called for balanced regulation that supports local fishers and the blue economy. The debate focused on the Political Parties (Amendment) Bill, which seeks to replace the Office of the Registrar of Political Parties with an Independent Political Parties Regulatory Commission to enhance independence and accountability. Hon. Owen Baya highlighted concerns over the misuse of public funds by political parties and stressed the need for stringent reporting, while also outlining the commission’s proposed structure, membership, and qualifications. The discussion referenced NADCO’s recommendations and the legislative process that brought the bill to the National Assembly. Members voiced strong frustration over the perceived mismanagement and corruption of devolved funds by county governors, demanding punitive action and a return of resources such as NG‑CDF, NGAAF and the Road Maintenance Levy. They also called for mediation, an ADR meeting, and urged the House to advance the Division of Revenue Bill to assert legislative control over allocations. The debate combined sharp criticism with proposals for constructive legislative and procedural steps.

Senators debated the inadequate flow of funds to county (gatuzi) governments, highlighting gaps in road and health financing and accusing the national treasury of withholding resources. While criticism of the national budget and calls for greater accountability dominated, there were also appeals for unity and collaborative negotiation to secure devolution‑related allocations. The session featured repeated remarks on the need to adjust intergovernmental transfers and improve service delivery at the county level. Senators debated the allocation of development funds, urging an increase to Ksh5 billion for under‑served counties and emphasizing the need for equitable distribution of resources. They highlighted disparities in infrastructure costs and health service requirements across regions, while also warning against corruption and calling for stronger oversight. Sen. Mandago criticised the fragmented financial management systems and large unaccounted imprest funds in counties, urging integration of IFMIS with national platforms for real‑time oversight. He called for stronger, better‑remunerated county assemblies, minimum qualifications for key committee chairs, and full devolution of resources to county governments, especially in health and agriculture. The speech combined sharp criticism of current practices with constructive proposals for improved accountability.

The National Assembly considered several amendments to the Conflict of Interest Bill and the Anti‑Money Laundering and Combating Terrorism Financing Laws (Amendment) Bill, reporting that the President’s reservations were approved without further changes. Members debated procedural motions, with Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah mocking Hon. Murugara’s failed amendment attempt, highlighting intra‑party tensions. The House subsequently moved to the next business after securing agreement on the committee reports. Members challenged the claim that the Deputy County Commissioner of Trans Mara South had been transferred, questioning the accuracy of statements read by the Chairman and seeking clarification from the Cabinet Secretary. The debate also focused on serious security concerns in Angata Barrikoi, including alleged police‑ordered killings and the effectiveness of IPOA, with calls for investigations and possible redeployment of security forces. Procedural interjections by the Temporary Speaker aimed to keep the discussion focused on specific questions. Hon. Johana Kipyegon raised urgent questions about a series of killings, the whereabouts of implicated police officers, and the status of a Deputy County Commissioner allegedly transferred. Hon. Gabriel Tongoyo responded with assurances of forthcoming updates on the DCC, affirmed the IPOA’s mandate to investigate police excesses, and noted police transfers, while the Temporary Speaker pushed for procedural progress and deferred some questions. The exchange underscored concerns over accountability, security, and parliamentary follow‑up.

Senators used the sitting to raise urgent matters including the murder of a priest and rising banditry, the dire state of early childhood education centres in Wajir County, and fraudulent attacks on retirees' pension payouts. A personal statement by Sen. Tabitha Keroche addressed false health allegations made by a county governor, highlighting political tension and concerns over misuse of public funds. The Speaker facilitated procedural motions, deferring some statements and guiding the debate flow. Senators highlighted numerous stalled projects, including ECDE centres and hospitals in Mombasa and other counties, and criticised the lack of services to communities. They also raised concerns about unfair competition in the dairy sector and alleged large‑scale fraud at Absa Bank, demanding investigations by the Competition Authority, the Senate committee and the DCI. Calls were made for urgent committee action to address these issues. The Senate deferred a motion on the Fourth Basis for allocating national revenue to allow further consultation, and committed a petition concerning the commercialization and alleged obstruction of a new generation Muthea antivenom to the Standing Committee on Health. The session also included a welcoming address to visiting high‑school students and routine procedural business.

Senators discussed patient rights, the need for free treatment for cancer, heart disease and diabetes, and highlighted a recent medical negligence case involving a patient named Annita. They urged the Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentists Council and health institutions to improve standards, ensure second opinions, and uphold the constitutional right to health, while also making procedural remarks about members’ conduct. Senators debated a report on the death of baby Annita Jepkorir, condemning the alleged medical negligence and calling for penalties far stricter than the proposed fines. The discussion focused on who should bear responsibility – the treating doctor, the hospital’s legal department, or the facility itself – and urged the Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentists Council and the Senate Health Committee to ensure robust follow‑up. Senators highlighted serious cases of medical negligence, citing the tragic handling of a child named Annita, and called for stronger oversight, self‑inspection and accountability in hospitals. They also affirmed the competence of Kenyan doctors, urged better remuneration and working conditions, and emphasized patients' constitutional rights to quality, dignified health care.

Hon. Emmanuel Wangwe highlighted serious governance failures at the Kenya Veterinary Board, the National Authority for the Campaigns against Alcohol and Drug Abuse (NACADA) and Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC), calling out missing internal audit units, incomplete board composition and unresolved loan and asset issues. He made a series of remedial recommendations, including establishing audit functions, reprimanding appointing authorities, submitting detailed asset registers and investigating unreturned generators. While noting NACADA’s clean audit opinion, the overall tone was critical of the institutions’ accountability and financial management. The session began with procedural matters to establish a quorum, followed by the Speaker welcoming students from Siviliye Secondary, Kyeni Girls and Tumutumu Girls schools. Members then made a formal request for a statement from the Departmental Committee on Education concerning alleged irregular redundancies at Moi University. Several other requests were noted as deferred. Members highlighted recent committee findings on alleged corruption at Moi University, Kenya Broadcasting Corporation and KEMSA, urging the House to pursue prosecutions and stronger oversight. The Deputy Speaker managed procedural interruptions while members called for swift action by oversight committees to safeguard public funds. The debate combined constructive calls for accountability with evident frustration over perceived impunity.

Senators criticised the National Treasury for repeatedly missing the Disbursement Schedule, causing cash shortfalls, delayed salaries and business failures in counties. They supported a motion to approve a new schedule, urged amendments to the PFM Act and suggested a devolution bond to ensure timely funding. The debate highlighted the need for stronger fiscal mechanisms to improve county service delivery. Senators debated the County Additional Allocation cash‑disbursement schedule, expressing frustration that the National Treasury repeatedly fails to honour previously approved schedules. They urged the Treasury to release the funds in a single tranche and called for legislative amendments to make the schedule binding and to clarify the Treasury’s role under the Public Finance Management Act. Senators raised concerns over the allocation of mining royalties and court fines, arguing that counties like Narok, Nandi and Kakamega are receiving nothing while Nairobi benefits disproportionately. The debate also touched on funding for UHC workers and procedural frustrations, with several interjections about the conduct of the Temporary Speaker and the Standing Committee on Finance and Budget. The discussion was marked by criticism, repeated interruptions, and limited consensus.

Members vehemently condemned former Deputy President Rigathi Gachagua, accusing him of incitement, ethnic balkanisation and obstructing legal processes, and called on the police and the government to act without fear or favour. The debate also addressed procedural matters, noting a lack of quorum before it was restored, and referenced the role of the NCIC in handling related complaints. A motion of adjournment was supported amid the heated exchanges. Members recounted the human toll of the 2007 post‑election violence, highlighting atrocities against women and children and the lingering trauma among displaced communities. They urged political leaders to refrain from incendiary language, call for accountability, and emphasize the role of the National Cohesion and Integration Commission in fostering peace. The debate combined somber reflection with constructive appeals for responsible discourse and victim compensation. The session was dominated by procedural delays, with several committee chairs and members absent, leading to multiple statements being postponed. Members raised concerns about illegal leasing of sugar mills and the formation of cartels, urging the Agriculture and Livestock Committee to address the issue. The House also discussed scheduling a Cabinet Secretary appearance and public consultations on the Finance Bill.

The Senate addressed a procedural dispute over a committee’s mandated visit to Nyamira County Assembly, with the Speaker ordering the resolution be communicated and the visit carried out locally. The debate then turned to the Division of Revenue Bill, where Sen. Cheruiyot launched a forceful critique of county governments for overspending on salaries, lacking long‑term financial plans, and ineffective devolution projects such as CAIPs, urging stronger regulation and accountability. Sen. Cheruiyot advocated for the Cooperative Development Bill, highlighting its role in safeguarding members’ savings, establishing national and county‑level regulatory offices, and creating a tribunal system to resolve disputes. He stressed the need for devolved oversight to prevent fund misappropriation and called for differentiated rules for large and small cooperatives. While supportive of the legislation, he warned against potential abuse and urged careful implementation. Sen. Olekina expressed concerns that the proposed co‑operative bill lacks clear data, integration with existing programmes such as the Women Enterprise Fund, and risks stifling innovation. He called for better inter‑ministerial coordination, a devolved approach to governance, and the use of technology like AI to inform policy. While offering constructive suggestions, he criticised centralised control and the current legislative drafts.

The Speaker announced the vacancy of Senator Gloria Orwoba’s seat following her expulsion from the UDA party and outlined the procedural steps taken under the Constitution and Elections Act. The Senate postponed the Finance and Budget Committee report motion to allow further review and scheduled a briefing breakfast, while also inviting members to the upcoming National Prayer Breakfast and welcoming a delegation of teachers and students from Kijabe Girls High School. Senators raised concerns about harassment of vulnerable groups, the treatment of street vendors and hawkers, and the mismanagement of the Kenya Rugby Union, linking these issues to broader corruption and weak law enforcement. They called for stronger regulation of informal trade, better protection for youth entrepreneurs, and more accountable use of public funds. The debate combined criticism of current practices with proposals for constructive reforms. Senators debated whether Standing Order No.29 should apply to a consultative meeting with the former Prime Minister on the Division Allocation Formula, with the Speaker clarifying that the gathering is not an official Senate sitting. The discussion shifted to a petition and a motion by Senator Nyutu calling for an automated, biometric Certificate of Good Conduct system, amid procedural interruptions and clarification requests.

The Cabinet Secretary for Gender, Culture, the Arts and Heritage explained the shift from a digital loan model to manual lending after high default rates, detailing disbursement figures and steps to restore credit histories for women groups. He also outlined new measures to broaden financial inclusion, including individual loan products, policy revisions, and stakeholder engagement. The response aimed to address past challenges while highlighting ongoing reforms. Senators debated the adequacy of budget allocations for devolution, questioning Treasury figures and urging a Kshs450 billion allocation to ensure meaningful county development. The discussion was marked by criticism of the National Assembly’s handling of audited accounts and the Equalization Fund, while also featuring a warm welcome to a delegation of Tenwek High School teachers and students. Sen. M. Kajwang strongly opposed the National Assembly’s lower allocation for counties, arguing that the Senate’s Kshs465 billion proposal aligns with constitutional requirements and the 10‑point MoU between ODM and UDA. He highlighted procedural flaws in using outdated revenue estimates, the need for adequate funding of health workers, and the transfer of road and service responsibilities to county governments, while also calling out governance lapses in some counties.