Sittings

The Senate afternoon sitting was largely procedural, covering voting sessions, addressing a technical glitch, and reading multiple orders. Senators moved motions for the Committee of the Whole to report on four bills: the Meteorology Bill, the National Construction Authority (Amendment) Bill, the Cancer Prevention and Control (Amendment) Bill, and the Election Offences (Amendment) Bill. The Senate afternoon sitting was largely procedural, with members moving and seconding motions to report on Committee of the Whole considerations and to advance several bills to a third reading. Bills discussed included the Meteorology Bill, the National Construction Authority Amendment, and the Cancer Prevention and Control Amendment, alongside a motion on the Election Offences Amendment. The Senate afternoon sitting focused on the Public Transport (Motorcycle Regulation) Bill, with Senator Veronica Maina moving multiple amendment proposals, most of which were dropped due to the mover’s absence. Procedural business also included a motion to report progress on the Houses of Parliament (Bicameral Relations) Bill and to reconvene the Committee of the Whole.

Members debated remarks that implied women MPs were being objectified during a trip to Mombasa for the East African Inter‑Parliamentary Games. Several MPs condemned the comments, demanded apologies and stressed that the visit was solely for sports, not personal misconduct. The Temporary Speaker maintained order while various members voiced concerns about gender respect and parliamentary decorum. The session was dominated by a procedural clash between the Temporary Speaker and Hon. Bady Twalib, who faced repeated orders to apologise for remarks that implied improper motives among MPs. After a series of admonishments, Twalib offered an apology and shifted focus to welcoming delegates to Mombasa, emphasizing cooperation, constitutional authority, and economic development. The exchange highlighted tensions over parliamentary decorum and the political handling of a regional initiative. Members highlighted the alarming number of disappearances since 2014 and urged the establishment of a commission of inquiry to investigate and provide closure for affected families. Others praised recent security successes, called for evidence‑based discussion of missing‑person cases, and cautioned against politicising the issue, leading to a heated exchange over accusations of opposition politics. The debate combined constructive proposals with partisan tension.

Members raised concerns about the low utilisation and inefficiencies of state‑owned sugar mills and requested a statement on the government’s rehabilitation plan for Sony and other sugar companies. The Speaker set a two‑week deadline for the response and moved on to other business, after which the Committee on Justice and Legal Affairs gave a detailed update on prison service reforms, including promotions, housing provision and salary harmonisation following the Maraga Taskforce recommendations. Members debated an amendment to Clause 7 of a coffee‑farmers Bill, arguing that the proposed language on large‑scale farmers and co‑operative societies was undefined and could create confusion. While several members urged retaining the original wording to protect both small‑ and large‑scale growers, a brief consultation led to the withdrawal of the amendment and a shift to consider changes in Clause 8. The discussion highlighted tensions between ensuring inclusive representation and maintaining legislative clarity. Members debated the definition of management for the Coffee Board, urging inclusion of experienced farmers and agreeing to recommit clause 8 to reflect this. The House also considered an amendment to clause 11 to replace the specific reference to the Kenya Bureau of Standards with a generic body mandated by national legislation, reflecting concerns about future regulatory changes. Procedural motions were passed with general consensus.

Senator Cheruiyot highlighted the Senate's recruitment and affirmative‑action policies while critiquing the high public‑debt burden and the soaring government wage bill, urging stronger parliamentary oversight of fiscal management. He also called for regulation of harambees and political fundraising to curb money‑in‑politics and improve transparency. The remarks combined constructive proposals with pointed criticism of executive performance. Senators debated the proposed fundraising (harambee) Bill, arguing that the 14‑day permit period – potentially extended to 24 days – and a national register of appeals are impractical and would overburden the Cabinet Secretary. They suggested that local structures such as Nyumba Kumi and existing agencies like the Social Health Authority should handle oversight, and questioned whether the Bill truly addresses issues like money laundering or audit delays. Senators discussed the proposed Bill’s regulation of fundraising, funeral costs and related licences, expressing concern over how it would affect grieving families, especially minors and vulnerable groups. They highlighted cultural practices around funerals, the need for free education, and the broader social impact, urging substantial amendments to avoid penalising the majority. The debate combined empathy for personal losses with criticism of the Bill’s potential unintended consequences.

Senators voiced strong frustration that the Cabinet Secretaries for Health and Tourism & Wildlife failed to appear before the Senate as scheduled, describing the absences as contempt and a damaging trend. They called for censure motions and debated whether to continue Wednesday morning sessions without executive participation, urging higher‑level accountability. The debate highlighted concerns over governance, accountability, and the impact on constituents. Senators voiced strong frustration that several Cabinet Secretaries failed to appear for scheduled Senate questioning, labeling their excuses as flimsy and disrespectful. They urged that the officials be censured and reminded that accountability to the House must outweigh other engagements, such as wildlife monitoring events. The debate highlighted the Senate’s role in overseeing executive conduct and protecting citizens’ interests. Senators expressed frustration with the frequent non‑appearance of Cabinet Secretaries, particularly from the Health Ministry, and called for stronger coordination between the Senate and the Executive. They urged timely responses to parliamentary questions, better scheduling, and a more collaborative approach to serve Kenyan citizens. The debate combined criticism with constructive suggestions for improving accountability and legislative‑executive interaction.

The member proposes amending the Environmental Management and Coordination Act to prohibit planting eucalyptus near rivers, lakes and wetlands, citing its high water consumption and contribution to river drying across many counties. He references international bans, suggests bamboo as an eco‑friendly alternative, and highlights community outreach efforts to raise awareness and support the legislation. Members debated an amendment bill aimed at restricting the planting of exotic trees such as blue gum and eucalyptus in riverbank and riparian zones to protect water catchments. While Hon. Gideon Ochanda highlighted the need for scientific background checks and warned of potential economic disruption for farmers, Hon. Umulkher Harun supported the bill, emphasizing environmental and livestock health benefits and assuring no impact on tea growers. The discussion underscored the tension between environmental protection and livelihood considerations. The session began with procedural matters before focusing on a tragic botched cosmetic surgery that resulted in a death, prompting calls for a statement from the Health Committee chair and a request for a vetted list of qualified cosmetic surgeons. Members highlighted the need for stricter accreditation of clinics and accountability of the KMPDC, while also addressing a separate request on the renewal of the KEBS Standardisation Mark of Quality and a motion to shorten bill publication periods. The debate combined concern over public safety with routine parliamentary business.

The Senate debated procedural shortcomings such as late submission of audit documents and high non‑revenue water, recommending stricter filing deadlines and the adoption of smart‑metering and GIS solutions. A large portion of the sitting focused on detailed amendments to the Elections Act, covering polling‑station designation, electronic result transmission, procurement of election technology, and reforms to recall and dispute mechanisms. Members also called for an independent post‑election evaluation to improve the electoral process. Sen. (Dr.) Khalwale voiced strong support for the Elections (Amendment) Bill while urging procedural tweaks, faster result tabulation and regular review of election laws. He criticised fellow senators for questioning election costs and condemned party‑leader‑controlled nominations, calling for internal party voting, especially for women and persons with disabilities. The debate also touched on counting timelines, corruption risks, and the need for clearer polling‑station procedures. Sen. Cheruiyot presented a series of amendments to the Elections Bill intended to boost transparency and efficiency, such as mandating the IEBC to publish polling stations three months before elections, requiring electronic transmission and live‑streaming of results, and creating an independent firm to evaluate each election. He also called for the repeal of unconstitutional recall provisions and revised court appeal rules to streamline dispute resolution, emphasizing the need to restore public trust in the electoral process.

Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah praised the new Cooperative Bill for giving effect to Article 186 of the Constitution and establishing clear legal frameworks, registration procedures, and oversight bodies for cooperatives at national and county levels. He highlighted pervasive fraud, mismanagement and naming abuses that have plagued cooperatives and SACCOs, arguing that the Bill’s stricter regulations will protect members and restore confidence. The speech combined commendation of the Bill’s intent with criticism of existing abuses in the cooperative sector. The Speaker responded to Hon. Wakili Muriu’s question on the proposed JKIA concession with Adani Holdings, confirming that a court‑issued conservatory order has halted negotiations and any agreement. He outlined the extensive stakeholder engagement undertaken and asserted full compliance with constitutional and PPP legal requirements, noting that relevant information has been disclosed. The exchange was procedural and focused on clarifying the status of the project amid legal suspension. Hon. Oundo championed the Cooperatives Bill, emphasizing the sector’s historic importance and the need to update the 1997 Act, while expressing disappointment with a Supreme Court ruling that downplays mandatory public participation. The debate highlighted governance challenges, registration, remittance delays, and supervision of cooperatives, prompting calls for a dedicated public participation law. The Temporary Speaker and Hon. Kipchumba underscored the need for clarity and procedural safeguards.

Members debated the shortcomings of the Sustainable Health Insurance Fund (SHIF), highlighting inadequate funding, flawed means‑testing, and corruption allegations within NHIF. While criticism was strong, speakers also urged better public education, improved registration processes, and more transparent use of the Primary Care and Emergency Funds. The discussion reflected both frustration with current implementation and calls for constructive reforms. Members mourned the death of a young girl, Diana, after alleged negligence at Longisa County Referral Hospital and demanded investigations and reforms to uphold constitutional health rights. Hon. Musa Sirma announced the release of Ksh5.7 billion from the NG‑CDF and urged timely audits and school infrastructure projects. Hon. Kenneth Tungule sought a pending statement on escalating human‑wildlife conflict in Ganze, calling for urgent government intervention. The sitting focused on procedural amendments to the National Employment Authority Act and several sections of the Energy Act, with members seeking clarification on crude oil regulation and supporting specific changes. Debate intensified around the proposed increase in EPRA's electricity levy, with MPs highlighting the burden on households and its broader impact on living costs and investment. While some members endorsed the amendments, others voiced strong opposition to the levy hike, reflecting divergent views on energy policy.

Senators advocated for a Bill that would grant county assemblies financial independence, arguing it would resolve longstanding conflicts with county executives and improve oversight. They highlighted current issues such as delayed fund releases, resource diversions, and the need for a dedicated County Assembly Fund at the Central Bank, while urging collaboration with the National Assembly to ensure smooth passage. The discussion framed the reform as aligned with broader government efforts to separate powers and strengthen devolved institutions. Sen. Omogeni praised a Nyamira woman elected in Minnesota and urged greater representation for Nyamira in national appointments, while condemning recent violence and governor‑MCA tensions in the county. He advocated for a Bill granting financial independence to county assemblies to improve oversight and deliver basic services, and called for inclusive appointments to constitutional bodies. Senators urged the introduction of a Ward Fund to empower MCAs and highlighted the need for the County Public Finance Laws Amendment Bill to correct design flaws in county financial management. They criticised the current Public Finance Management Act for undermining devolution, citing mis‑procurement and centralised control by governors, and called for autonomous county institutions and bipartisan support from both Houses. The debate combined constructive proposals with sharp criticism of existing legislation and implementation gaps.

Members highlighted persistent harassment of Kenyan fishermen by Ugandan forces on Lake Victoria, stressing the economic hardship and unclear lake boundaries. They praised some diplomatic steps and called for regular joint meetings, policing reforms, and decisive action by the Defence, Intelligence and Foreign Relations Committee. The debate combined frustration over unresolved incidents with constructive suggestions for regional cooperation. Members voiced frustration that the afternoon sitting had not progressed to substantive business, prompting a push to move on to the Kenya Roads Board (Amendment) Bill. The debate then focused on reducing the board’s size to comply with the Mwongozo Code of Governance and updating terminology to align with the Constitution. Procedural remarks and a welcome to visiting students were interspersed throughout the discussion. Members expressed strong support for the National Rating Bill, applauding the creation of the Office of the Chief Government Valuer and the inclusion of county assemblies and the Council of Governors in the valuation process. However, concerns were raised about the legal status of the Council of Governors and the extent of national legislation over county matters. The debate highlighted the need for clear structures to improve land valuation services and reduce disputes at the county level.

The debate focused on the Land Control Amendment Bill, with Hon. Kuria praising the inclusion of private‑sector members on constituency land boards and the new powers to investigate land fraud and protect public‑utility land. He also highlighted the need to digitise title deeds, noting long‑standing delays and procedural absenteeism that have hampered progress. Overall, the discussion was constructive about the bill’s provisions but critical of past implementation failures. Hon. Wanami Wamboka moved a motion to adopt the Public Investments Committee report, condemning stalled university construction projects, costly consultancies and severe under‑staffing in TVET institutions. He urged the Treasury, Ministry of Education and oversight bodies to enforce stricter project approval, equity and staffing policies, while the Temporary Speaker deferred the question for a later date. The afternoon sitting focused on procedural motions to amend several clauses of a Bill, with members proposing deletions, substitutions, and renumbering to align terminology with health product standards and WHO recommendations. A brief dispute arose when Hon. Francis Sigei attempted to raise a tea issue but was ruled out of order, prompting a light‑hearted response. The Temporary Speaker and Chairman managed the amendment process and ensured proper drafting.

Members debated the amendment of Clause 79 concerning inspection of health products and animals at ports of entry, emphasizing the need for pre‑clearance inspections at the point of origin. The discussion focused on appropriate penalties for violations, with proposals ranging from Ksh2 million to Ksh5 million and varying imprisonment terms. While there was consensus on tightening controls, opinions differed on the severity of sanctions. Members debated the Traditional Herbal Medicine Bill, with Hon. Kaluma withdrawing his amendments and highlighting personal experience with herbal remedies, while others debated whether such practices should be termed ‘herbal’ or ‘traditional’ medicine. The House also considered amendments to Clause 60 to establish a National Quality Control Laboratory, discussing the removal of a master’s degree requirement for pharmacists and the financing model for the new authority. Overall, the discussion was collegial but featured differing views on terminology and funding mechanisms. Members debated a motion to establish a national science museum, emphasizing its role in promoting STEM education, preserving scientific research, and showcasing Kenya’s ICT and medical innovations. Several MPs voiced strong support, linking the museum to broader initiatives like Konza Technopolis and the need for discovery centres, while the Temporary Speaker managed procedural scheduling.

Members debated two main issues: Hon. Owen Baya warned committee chairs that persistent absenteeism could lead to removal, emphasizing the need for active participation, and Hon. Yusuf Adan moved to adopt the Select Committee’s employment diversity audit report, highlighting ethnic dominance in several institutions and significant gender‑balance shortfalls. The discussion combined commendation of compliant bodies with criticism of those failing constitutional diversity mandates. The session was dominated by procedural matters, with several motions and a bill deferred due to absent committee chairs and pending reports. Members, notably Hon. Millie Odhiambo‑Mabona, criticised the lack of participation by committee chairs, urging the majority to address the issue. The Temporary Speaker managed the order of business and warned against disorderly conduct. Hon. David Ochieng’ criticised the Senate for neglecting its constitutional role in guiding counties, accusing it of rent‑seeking, misusing an alleged Senate Oversight Fund and failing to enact necessary laws for devolution. The Temporary Speaker rebutted on the fund’s legality and the debate shifted to the inactivity of National Assembly committees, urging stronger oversight and accountability.

Senators debated the shortcomings of Kenya’s data protection framework, calling for technical expertise and greater independence of the regulator, while also raising concerns over threats to a colleague in Isiolo and alleged corruption at the Kenya National Trading Corporation. The session shifted to environmental issues, with a call for large‑scale re‑vegetation of arid lands to combat desertification and climate change. The Deputy Speaker managed the proceedings, urging brevity and procedural order. The Senate afternoon sitting opened with quorum confirmation and the tabling of several Auditor‑General reports on the financial statements of county hospitals. Senator Dullo used his personal statement to raise concerns about threats to his safety, a burglary of his office and to call for accountability, while Senator Asige expressed gratitude for being named a 2024 Time100 Next honoree and advocated for disability inclusion. The session combined routine oversight business with personal appeals and celebratory remarks. Senators raised urgent concerns about data privacy breaches, criticizing Safaricom and calling for regulatory action, while also demanding updates on the rollout of the Social Health Authority and SHIF amid reports of service failures. Allegations of a Kshs6.5 billion misappropriation at the Kenya National Trading Corporation were highlighted, and a call to address technology-facilitated gender‑based violence was made. The debate combined criticism with constructive requests for oversight and policy clarification.

Senators questioned the Cabinet Secretary on the clarity, implementation dates and impact assessment of the non‑essential foreign travel circular, as well as the number of university travel requests approved. The Cabinet Secretary outlined the criteria for essential travel, delegation size limits and noted that costs have been reduced, but admitted that a formal impact assessment and exact savings figures have not yet been completed. Senators repeatedly questioned the Cabinet Secretary about chronic shortages of Junior Secondary School (JSS) teachers, inadequate remuneration and unclear internship pathways, and the absence of a clear JSS policy. They also demanded transparency on teacher deployment data across counties and raised concerns about the reliance on PTA‑appointed teachers in underserved areas. The debate was largely critical but framed as constructive inquiries seeking government action. Senators voiced disappointment over the Cabinet Secretary’s vague response on school electricity and water provision, demanding detailed lists and better coordination with counties. They also highlighted confusion around the Competency‑Based Curriculum and the lack of funding for school infrastructure, while briefly congratulating children sitting the KPSEA exams. The debate combined criticism of current shortcomings with calls for concrete action and accountability.

Senators Mutinda and Muthama advocated for the County Assembly Fund to give MCAs financial autonomy, improve oversight, and reduce dependence on county governors. They highlighted the need for expanded Controller of Budget offices, direct fund transfers, and stronger audit mechanisms through IFMIS and the Auditor General. While praising the Bill's potential, they noted current challenges such as executive interference and inadequate staffing. Senators raised concerns over public safety for 24‑hour taxi operators, called for stronger regulation, and criticised the mismanagement of the Football Kenya Federation, urging transparent elections. They also highlighted agricultural issues such as fertilizer supply and maize pricing, and condemned a spate of gruesome murders, demanding urgent police and security reforms. The debate combined constructive proposals with sharp criticism of existing institutions. The Senate afternoon sitting confirmed quorum, reported on the mediation of the Food and Feed Safety Control Coordination Bill and adopted the Mediation Committee’s report on the National Rating Bill. Several senators then sought statements from standing committees on matters including youth internship opportunities, counterfeit digital products, the safety of female taxi drivers, football federation regulations, and rice imports, with the Speaker allocating time for discussion.

Senators debated how to enhance representation of persons with disabilities and other marginalised groups in county assemblies, urging legislative changes that would allow self‑election and adopt the higher seat allocation prescribed by the County Governments Act. The discussion also critiqued reliance on party leaders, the IEBC’s lower seat count, and linked the issue to broader public participation reforms and clear disability definitions. Senators debated the County Government Election Laws (Amendment) Bill, praising its provisions for clearer quotas for youth, marginalized groups and persons with disabilities while urging parties to nominate competent representatives. The discussion also highlighted internal party discipline issues and procedural points of order, reflecting both support and criticism. Senators debated a bill to establish a dedicated fund that would allow county assemblies to access allocated monies directly, bypassing delays and undue control by county treasuries. The discussion highlighted chronic executive interference, procedural bottlenecks, and the need for stronger oversight capacity, while expressing support for the proposed amendment to the Public Finance Management Act. The speakers urged colleagues to pass the legislation to improve assembly efficiency and constitutional compliance.

The Senate afternoon sitting was largely procedural, with members reporting on the Committee of the Whole's consideration of several bills and moving to agree with those reports. Motions were made and seconded for the Public Transport (Motorcycle Regulation) Bill, Public Finance Management (Amendment) Bill, Intergovernmental Relations (Amendment) Bill, Political Parties (Amendment) (No.2) Bill and Elections (Amendment) (No.2) Bill, each seeking leave to reconvene the following day. The afternoon Senate sitting was dominated by procedural motions to amend the Bill, with senators moving to insert new clauses, repeal sections such as 34A, and modify schedules and other provisions. Several clauses were read, withdrawn or scheduled for division, and brief remarks were made about microphone use and chair consultations. The afternoon Senate session was dominated by procedural business, with senators moving, seconding and reporting on amendments to several bills, including the Principal Act, Public Finance Management (Amendment) Bill, Intergovernmental Relations (Amendment) Bill, and Elections (Amendment) Bill. The Committee of the Whole reported its consideration of these bills and repeatedly sought leave to reconvene the following day.

Senators debated the urgent need to revive Kenya's cotton industry, particularly in Tana River, condemning past closures and the lack of governmental support while urging allocation of funds and removal of partisan politics from related legislation. They called for mediation on the pending Mung Bill and highlighted how supporting cotton alongside tea, coffee, and sugarcane could spur regional economic growth. The discussion combined criticism with hopeful calls for concrete action. Senators debated the Division of Revenue (Amendment) Bill 2024, with Sen. Osotsi alleging systemic bribery in the County Office of the Chief of Staff, a claim that was challenged by Sen. Mandago and the Temporary Speaker who demanded evidence. The discussion also covered a proposed reduction of the national revenue share from Ksh 400 billion to Ksh 387 billion, which opponents argued would weaken devolution. The session was dominated by procedural points of order and disputes over substantiating accusations. Senators debated the rollout of the Competency Based Curriculum, with Sen. Cherarkey urging support for the President’s pledge of new classrooms while highlighting the need for policy input. The exchange was dominated by procedural clashes over points of order, pending communications on the Moi University case, and concerns about a Kakamega senator’s matter, leading the Deputy Speaker to repeatedly intervene.

Senators debated the Kshs346 billion revenue shortfall caused by the withdrawal of the 2024 Finance Bill and considered the mediated version of the Division of Revenue (Amendment) Bill. The mediation committee highlighted principles to ensure counties are not burdened by national revenue gaps and discussed the ongoing dispute over the Road Maintenance Levy Fund. The tone was largely constructive, acknowledging fiscal realities while urging inter‑governmental cooperation. Senators debated the revision of the Division of Revenue Act, highlighting the mediation process that helped reach a consensus on increasing county allocations despite fiscal shortfalls. They criticised pervasive corruption, wasteful spending and weak revenue collection in counties, urging training, accountability and a cultural shift to improve service delivery, especially in health. The discussion balanced criticism with constructive proposals for better devolution outcomes. Senator Okenyuri supported the mediation report to unlock county resources while highlighting pervasive corruption and mismanagement in county revenue collection and spending. She called for training, stricter accountability, better use of existing laws, and emphasized civic education, agriculture subsidies, and health sector priorities as ways to improve service delivery. The speech combined criticism with constructive proposals, reflecting a mixed tone.

The Senate session began with procedural matters, including confirming quorum and welcoming a delegation of teachers and students from Ruby Kraft Adventist School. The Speaker reported messages from the National Assembly concerning the mediation process for the Division of Revenue (Amendment) Bill and the Water (Amendment) Bill, and Senator Khalwale presented the third annual PPP report. The proceedings were largely formal and informational. The afternoon sitting opened with heated procedural disputes, culminating in Senator Khalwale’s removal after refusing to retract alleged statements about a colleague. The focus then shifted to urgent health concerns, with senators condemning severe overcrowding at Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital, inadequate maternity facilities, and broader hospital deficiencies, urging the Health Committee to intervene. A brief interjection also called for resolution of electoral boundary issues. Senators debated the Water Bill, emphasizing the need for an independent Water Tribunal and thanking the committee for handling multiple mediations. The discussion highlighted persistent water access challenges across regions and included procedural exchanges about quorum and chairmanship. Praise was offered to the young chair, while minor tensions arose over comments on committee leadership.

Sen. Okiya Omtatah praised the move to separate sugar from the Agriculture and Food Authority and the creation of catchment areas, seeing them as steps toward a more competitive and farmer‑friendly sector. He warned of unfair miller‑farmer contracts, inadequate funding for the new Sugar Tribunal, excessive taxes, and environmental damage to water catchments, urging stronger regulations and support mechanisms. The debate combined optimism about reforms with criticism of lingering structural and ecological challenges. Senators debated the Sugar Bill, questioning whether the legislation over‑prescribes farmer activities and limits market freedom, and highlighting potential corruption in agencies like the Kenya Sugar Board and AFA. They also referenced procedural issues by comparing the bill’s handling to an impeachment case, urging a shift toward civic education rather than strict legal mandates. The tone mixes respect for colleagues with sharp criticism of the bill’s provisions and legislative processes. Senators debated the Sugar Industry Bill, condemning sugar imports and free‑market policies that have hurt Kenyan farmers and urging stricter regulation, research funding and shorter board terms to restore the sector. They also raised a constitutional discrimination concern and procedural points, while expressing overall support for reforms that would increase transparency and benefit farmers.

Senators voiced frustration over the Ethics and Anti‑Corruption Commission’s inaction on recommendations from the County Public Accounts Committee, while also commending the County Public Investments and Special Funds Committee for its extensive reporting on water companies. The debate highlighted severe non‑revenue water, dilapidated infrastructure and illegal connections in Nairobi, urging the national government to honour its obligations under the Urban Areas and Cities Act to fund critical water and sanitation upgrades. Senators voiced frustration that several Cabinet Secretaries, notably the Energy and Interior ministers, have failed to appear before the Senate to answer urgent questions, citing both procedural neglect and ongoing court cases. They invoked sub‑judice rules to limit debate on matters before the courts while urging greater respect for parliamentary oversight. The discussion also touched on controversial energy contracts and alleged human‑rights abuses linked to the Interior Ministry. The Temporary Speaker announced the postponement of the Cabinet Secretaries for Interior and Energy, deferring a long list of questions to a later sitting. Senators debated the reasons for the absences, referencing the recent Deputy President appointment and criticizing the lack of coordination between the Senate and the executive, while interspersing humor and procedural remarks. The exchange highlighted frustration over procedural delays and a call for better communication with the Cabinet Office.

Senators debated several national issues, urging improvements in healthcare delivery through community health providers and criticizing the over‑reliance on distant referral hospitals, while also calling for better museum infrastructure to preserve Kenya’s cultural heritage. The discussion moved to the Road Maintenance Levy Fund, with calls to scrap duplicate road agencies as unconstitutional, and highlighted concerns over education quality and fake degrees. The Speaker also welcomed a university delegation, adding a courteous note to the otherwise critical debate. Sen. Oketch Gicheru warned that the proposed defunding of counties—particularly cuts to industrial park allocations and Community Health Promoters’ budgets—will cripple service delivery, increase health risks, and stall economic projects, citing drastic reductions in Migori County. He urged the National Assembly to recognise the counter‑productive nature of these cuts and called for the rejection of both the current Bill and the Division of Revenue Act (DORA) Bill. The Temporary Speaker managed procedural matters and invited further debate. Sen. Khalwale highlighted the collapse of sugar out‑grower organisations and the chronic pricing problems facing farmers, urging the new law to create a sugar‑catchment‑area framework that lets growers sell to the highest‑paying mill and share revenues from by‑products. Sen. Cherarkey thanked the mediation committee, noted the amendment changing "sugar zone" to "sugar catchment area", and referenced the continuation of the Housing Levy Fund for affordable housing. The debate combined criticism of past failures with optimism about forthcoming regulatory mechanisms.

Hon. Oundo criticised the dissolved land control boards and the pervasive corruption and inefficiencies in land transactions, citing poor World Bank rankings. He presented a new Bill to replace the boards with constituency‑based Land Control Committees that reflect cultural, gender and youth representation and align with constitutional and land law reforms. The proposal aims to improve dispute resolution and restore public confidence in land administration. Members highlighted extensive mismanagement and corruption at Moi University, calling for audits, proper remittance of funds, and a caretaker committee to restructure the institution. They also raised concerns about political interference, tribalism in appointments, and the effectiveness of proposed funding, while the Temporary Speaker expressed skepticism about the adequacy of the measures. The debate combined criticism with constructive proposals for oversight and reform. Hon. Oundo outlined extensive reforms to the Land Control Act, proposing stricter documentation, public transparency, and a fast‑track appeals process to curb land disputes and protect inheritance rights. He criticised the current bureaucracy and urged colleagues to pass the Bill, emphasizing its potential to professionalise land administration while acknowledging regional implementation challenges.

Members debated the appropriate method to confirm Prof. Kithure Kindiki as Deputy President, with some urging an acclamation vote and others insisting on an electronic vote for a proper record. Technical failures in the electronic system forced the Speaker to cancel that vote and switch to a roll‑call, leading to procedural confusion and loud consultations. The Speaker restored order by appointing tellers and directing the roll‑call vote. Members of the National Assembly paid heartfelt condolences to the family of the late Hon. Beatrice Nkatha Nyaga, highlighting her service and personal qualities, while also noting the recent nomination of Prof. Kithure Kindiki as Deputy President. The session then moved to procedural matters, including a moment of silence and consideration of Senate amendments to the Food and Feed Safety Control Coordination Bill. Members raised a land‑dispute case, urging the County Commissioner to ensure a family’s restoration to their homestead and promising follow‑up. Hon. Guyo sought a statement on the reopening of the Hilo Gold Mine, highlighting community benefits, security concerns and alleged illegal mining that have prolonged the closure. The session also addressed procedural matters, including the President’s nomination to fill the Deputy President vacancy and a point‑of‑order dispute over members’ attire.

The Senate moved to a closed, in‑camera session to consider a motion to impeach Deputy President Rigathi Gachagua after the National Assembly passed a resolution on eleven charges. Senators debated the constitutional basis and the seriousness of the allegations, balancing procedural formality with personal respect for the Deputy President, and prepared to vote on his removal. Senators debated a motion to impeach the Deputy President, citing alleged constitutional violations, tribalism, and misconduct such as undermining the judiciary and improper involvement with KEMSA. Several members urged compassion due to the Deputy President's reported illness and called for a fair hearing, while others emphasized the need to uphold dignity and reject unsubstantiated accusations. The discussion highlighted procedural concerns and deep political divisions. Senators debated the impeachment motion against Deputy President Rigathi Gachagua, with some members alleging misconduct and demanding investigation, while others defended the Senate’s fairness and expressed goodwill toward his health. The session also covered procedural instructions for voting on the eleven charges, including head counts and quorum requirements.

Members debated the Sugar Bill, praising measures such as catchment‑area limits, rotational board representation, levies on imported sugar and funding for research and infrastructure, while flagging persistent problems like poor roads, long‑maturing cane and limited farmer financing. They voiced overall support for the mediated version but acknowledged that further adjustments may be required. Members debated the mediated Sugar Development Levy Bill, with Hon. Wangwe correcting the levy percentage to 15 % and Hon. K’oyoo urging that funds benefit farmers. The discussion turned procedural as Hon. Melly’s attempt to propose amendments was challenged as out of order, while concerns were raised about infrastructure funding, miller contracts and the split catchment area. The tone combined support for the bill’s intent with notable tension over parliamentary procedure and fund allocation. Members debated the contentious issue of zoning in the sugarcane sector, urging that farmers be free to sell to any miller and criticizing restrictive practices by private millers. They also reviewed the re‑establishment of the Sugar Board, the catch‑area electoral rotation, and raised concerns about the lack of transparency and utilisation of the 50 % levy funds.

Senators interrogated Hon. Mwengi Mutuse about the alleged links between the Deputy President, his sons, and a series of companies implicated in shareholding and money‑laundering controversies, raising concerns of oath breaches and political responsibility. The discussion also touched on procedural aspects of impeachment, the relevance of prior cases involving the late Governor Nderitu Gachagua, and the legal thresholds for holding multiple directorships. The Senate hearing examined serious allegations that the Deputy President accumulated Kshs5.2 billion in unexplained assets through properties such as Treetops Hotel, Olive Gardens and Vipingo Beach Resort, with witness Hon. Mwengi Mutuse presenting evidence of possible money‑laundering and abuse of office. Senators interrogated the lack of transparent procurement, missing loan documentation and the Deputy President’s explanations, while counsel for the Deputy President sought clarification. The debate underscored concerns over corruption, procurement integrity and broader security implications. The Senate hearing focused on the termination of a KEMSA tender, with the witness confirming that the cancellation complied with the Procurement Act and Global Fund guidelines. Questions probed the evaluation of bidders, the eventual procurement of nets through Global Fund intervention, and the reported financial impact on KEMSA. The committee noted no loss of public funds despite KEMSA incurring procurement fees.

The National Assembly adopted the mediated version of the Water (Amendment) Bill after the Committee on Mediation resolved several contentious clauses. Key issues addressed included the role of the Water Services Regulatory Board in bulk water purchase agreements, the non‑transferability of national public water works to counties, publication of regulatory standards, and clarification of tariff‑setting powers. The debate was largely procedural and collaborative, with brief moments of disagreement that were settled through consensus. The Deputy Speaker confirmed quorum, reordered the Order Paper and moved a motion to exempt certain items from Standing Order 40(3). A separate motion to alter the calendar for a short recess and an additional sitting on 18 October was debated and seconded to allow completion of priority legislation such as the Sugar Bill, Water (Amendment) Bill and Division of Revenue Bill, as well as numerous private‑member bills. Procedural points of order and a request for a committee chair’s statement were also recorded. Members criticised the exemption granted to Blue Rolling Mills and similar firms, arguing it undermines tax revenue and fuels corruption. They called for swift parliamentary oversight, involving the Ethics and Anti‑Corruption Commission, and urged adherence to proper procedures for private members’ motions. Procedural points were raised to ensure the motion is debated and the mover given a chance to reply.

Members debated the proposal to charge Ksh10 for call drops, criticised telecom operators and banks for failing to improve services or lower interest rates, and highlighted under‑utilisation of the Universal Service Fund. The session then moved to procedural matters before Hon. Martin Owino introduced and advocated for the Community Health Workers Bill, emphasizing its role in strengthening primary health care and aligning with constitutional health rights. The overall tone combined criticism of existing service delivery with constructive support for health sector legislation. Hon. Kuria Kimani urged the adoption of a community‑based system for chronic disease management, citing successful salaried models in Bangladesh and Ethiopia and calling for extensive training, supervision and performance‑based incentives for community health workers. Hon. (Dr) Christine Ombaka praised the Bill, highlighted the critical role of community health workers in health education, maternal care, emergency response and disease prevention, and stressed that current remuneration is inadequate and that better pay and training are needed. Both speakers emphasized strengthening and professionalising community health workers to improve health outcomes. Members praised the Community Health Workers Bill, emphasizing the vital role of CHWs in delivering grassroots health services and the need for proper remuneration and formal recognition. They called for a clear legislative framework to integrate CHWs into the health system, ensure training, and make the positions permanent and pensionable, linking this to broader universal health coverage goals. The debate highlighted both the urgency of supporting CHWs and the challenges of funding and structuring their deployment across counties.

The Senate debated a preliminary objection to Hon. James Orengo, SC, serving as Governor of Siaya County, representing the National Assembly in the impeachment hearing of Deputy President Rigathi Gachagua. Counsel for the Deputy President argued that Article 77 and the Leadership and Integrity Act prohibit a full‑time state officer from any gainful employment, while counsel for the National Assembly claimed no evidence of such employment and cited precedent to differentiate the case. The Senate session examined alleged irregularities in a KEMSA tender, with the witness confirming that none of the 17 bidders met the minimum requirements and that a bid‑bond documentation issue contributed to the termination of the process. The questioning highlighted concerns over inconsistent evaluation criteria, the role of the Global Fund report, and whether political actors were involved. The Senate hearing examined accusations that Deputy President Rigathi Gachagua pressured Kenya Medical Supplies Agency officials to award a Ksh3.7 billion mosquito‑net tender to his proxy, Crystal Limited, using an irregular bid bond. Witness Hon. Mwengi Mutuse presented affidavits and WhatsApp messages allegedly showing direct interference by the Deputy President and his son, while counsel Mr. Peter Wanyama probed the authenticity and relevance of the evidence. The exchange highlighted concerns over procurement integrity and potential abuse of office.

The Senate session opened with an objection to senior advocate James Orengo representing the National Assembly, citing constitutional prohibitions on full‑time state officers acting as private counsel. The Speaker then proceeded to read multiple impeachment charges against Deputy President Rigathi Gachagua, accusing him of divisive ethnic rhetoric, constitutional breaches, and alleged corruption and money‑laundering through family‑linked companies. The debate was largely confrontational, focusing on procedural objections and serious allegations against the Deputy President. The Senate debated an objection to Senior Counsel James Orengo’s participation as counsel, examining whether his role constituted prohibited gainful employment or a conflict of interest under Article 77 of the Constitution and the Leadership and Integrity Act. Counsel Eric Gumbo argued that no evidence of remuneration or prejudice was presented and cited relevant case law to support dismissing the objection. The Speaker pressed for proof of any fee earned, underscoring the need for procedural clarity. The Senate convened a special sitting to hear the impeachment motion against Deputy President Rigathi Gachagua, following a National Assembly resolution. Legal teams for both the Assembly and the Deputy President were introduced, the public was admitted to the gallery under strict rules, and an objection was raised concerning the appearance of counsel for the Assembly. The proceedings were largely procedural but underscored significant political tension.

The sitting began with procedural matters, including the announcement of the Senate’s approval of Mr. David Kibet Kemei as Director‑General of the Competition Authority and the tabling of reports from the Budget and Appropriation Committee and the Mediation Committee on the Water Amendment Bill. A public petition was then presented highlighting serious grievances against the Insurance Regulatory Authority for failing to enforce insurers’ obligations to public transport operators, calling for remedial action. The debate combined routine legislative updates with a sharply critical appeal regarding insurance regulation. Members debated the recent bandit attack in Kacheliba, questioning the lack of concrete information on investigations and the alleged failure to increase security personnel. They criticised the government’s response as vague and potentially misleading, demanding specific timelines and additional resources. The exchange also highlighted procedural tensions over parliamentary language and order. Members raised concerns over unclear acquisition and encroachment of public land following the repeal of Section 97 and the transition to the Land Registration Act, and highlighted the acute shortage of food for schools in Loima under the NACONEK feeding programme. Additional remarks noted that recent fuel price cuts have not translated into lower transport costs for commuters. The session involved procedural requests for statements from relevant departmental committees.

The Deputy Speaker announced a quorum check, had the Quorum Bell rung twice, and confirmed that no quorum was present. Consequently, the Senate was adjourned until later the same day at 2:30 p.m., with the session having risen at 9:22 a.m.

Senators condemned Governor Guyo of Isiolo for repeatedly refusing Senate summons, arguing his non‑compliance undermines devolution oversight and the Constitution. They urged the Senate to take strong action, including involving the Inspector‑General of Police to enforce attendance, and cited international examples to stress the seriousness of the breach. Senators criticised the Governor of Isiolo for repeatedly ignoring Senate committee summons and called for stronger enforcement, including police intervention and possible arrest. They urged the passage of a bill to increase fines and procedural powers for contempt, and discussed using censure motions to deter non‑compliant governors. The debate highlighted tensions between devolution officials and parliamentary oversight mechanisms. Senators criticised the Isiolo governor for repeatedly failing to appear before oversight committees and for alleged misuse of public funds, urging suspension or impeachment. They also debated the limits of contempt of Parliament, the role of the Inspector‑General of Police, and technical glitches affecting Senate proceedings.

Senators debated procedural objections surrounding an impeachment case from Kericho County, insisting that the Senate, not the Speaker, should determine whether the two‑thirds threshold and other legal criteria are met. They cited previous court rulings and Senate precedents (e.g., Sonko, Waititu) to argue against the Speaker taking a jury role, urging adherence to the Constitution and standing orders. Counsel Mr. Katwa Kigen argued that the impeachment motion does not meet the two‑thirds threshold required by Section 33 of the County Governments Act, raising detailed questions about the meaning of ‘at least’ and how fractional votes should be treated, and sought to introduce video evidence. The Speaker repeatedly warned about time limits, questioned the admissibility of an affidavit, and directed other counsel to respond to the preliminary objections, highlighting procedural tensions. The exchange centered on legal interpretation, evidentiary admissibility, and consistency of parliamentary rules across counties. The Senate debated the impeachment of Kericho Governor Eric Kipkoech Mutai, with the County Assembly counsel seeking protection for a young witness alleging sexual exploitation and submitting affidavits, while the governor’s counsel contested the allegations, raised procedural objections, and cited a court order to halt the impeachment. The Speaker managed the proceedings, addressing time limits, document pagination issues, and the request for an extended hearing on preliminary objections.

Senators debated the preliminary objection to the impeachment of the Kericho County Governor, focusing on the required two‑thirds majority and the correct voting numbers. Members urged the Senate to decide the matter by vote rather than judicially interpreting the law, and raised concerns about protecting a key witness under the Witness Protection Act. The Speaker managed procedural interruptions while the debate highlighted procedural and legal disagreements. Senators debated the preliminary objections raised against the impeachment proceedings of a county governor, arguing over the legal continuity of the process, evidentiary requirements, and the applicability of Senate procedural rules such as Rule 30. The discussion highlighted the need for a full substantive hearing and sought clarification from the IEBC on numerical rounding issues. Senators debated the procedural validity of the impeachment threshold in Kericho County, invoking the Tana River case and the County Governments Act to argue for rounding vote counts. They also raised concerns about victim privacy under the Victim Protection Act and the Senate's quasi‑judicial role in the process. The discussion highlighted differing interpretations of legal and procedural requirements before proceeding to substantive hearings.

The debate focused on the Library Services Bill, with Hon. Murugara highlighting the recent commissioning of a community library in Tharaka and the need for devolved library services to improve literacy and preserve cultural heritage. While praising the contributions of USAID, NGOs, and the Kenya National Library Services Board, members also urged county governments to fulfill their commitments and support the bill’s passage. Overall, the discussion was constructive and supportive of expanding library infrastructure across rural Kenya. Members debated the Library Bill, with Hon. Samuel Chepkonga praising the proposal for establishing presidential and public libraries, stressing regulatory frameworks and a dedicated budget line. Hon. Catherine Omanyo highlighted the importance of devolving libraries to rural sub‑counties to improve access, literacy and equity. Both expressed strong support while noting the need for clear guidelines and proper funding. Members discussed the need for improved digitisation, proposing a Kenya Resource Identification Numbers Agency to standardise identifiers for books, music and other resources. They highlighted the importance of promoting a reading culture through book donations and competitions, while expressing support for the Kenya National Library Service Bill and critiquing the devolution of library services to counties. The debate combined constructive proposals with criticism of past policy decisions.