Sittings

Senators discussed the need for greater African integration, calling for visa‑free travel, open‑sky policies and reforms to Kenya Airways to boost regional trade and connectivity. The debate also turned to security cooperation in the DRC and Sudan crises and a strong push to implement the NADCO report and appoint Raila Odinga as Kenya’s Prime Minister, while criticizing the recent Djibouti president’s approach. Sen. Oketch Gicheru praised President Ruto’s support for Raila Odinga’s AU chairmanship, invoked Mandela’s diplomatic stance and urged youth to emulate Odinga’s courage while warning against radicalisation and Mau Mau‑style politicisation. Sen. Wakoli called for a strong domestic policy to underpin Kenya’s foreign engagements, cited voting shifts in the AU election and urged Parliament to scrutinise policy effectiveness. Both speakers highlighted the need for African unity, economic opportunity for youth, and coherent policy direction. Senators praised Raila Odinga's courage and pan‑Africanism in Kenya’s bid for the African Union Commission chair, while also critiquing the country’s foreign and domestic policy coherence and questioning the Senate Majority Leader’s handling of the debate. The discussion highlighted the need for stronger domestic policies to guide foreign engagements and reflected mixed sentiments of admiration and criticism.

The Senate afternoon sitting reviewed multiple Auditor‑General reports on Baringo County funds and a Treasury communication on recent government loans. The chamber also moved motions to honor the late Senator William Kipkiror Cheptumo and media personality Mr. Mbotela, expressing condolences and celebrating their contributions. Procedural exchanges between the Deputy Speaker and senators highlighted the formal nature of the session. Senators used the afternoon sitting to offer condolences on the death of Senator William Kipkiror Cheptumo, praising his long‑standing service and unbeaten electoral record. They highlighted his work on national security, police welfare, and the passage of a bill to curb livestock and produce theft, urging the people of Baringo and the North Rift to maintain peace in his honour. The tributes combined solemn mourning with positive reflections on his legislative contributions. Senators Osotsi, Kisang and the Temporary Speaker delivered heartfelt condolences for the late Senator William Cheptumo, recalling his legislative work, committee leadership and personal friendships. They also highlighted recent initiatives such as the banditry‑as‑terrorism motion and a fundraising caucus among members. The session was marked by solemn respect and recognition of his contributions.

Hon. Junet Mohamed praised the President’s lobbying for Raila Odinga’s African Union chairmanship bid and highlighted Odinga’s credentials, but expressed shock and disappointment at Kenya’s loss and at Kenyans celebrating the defeat. He criticised what he called unpatriotic behaviour, urged the government to back future Kenyan candidates for international positions, and called for unity despite the outcome. Members offered an apology for celebratory actions after the election loss and lauded President William Ruto for supporting Raila Odinga, emphasizing national unity and bipartisan cooperation. They called for the creation of a Prime Minister post as recommended by the NADCO report and praised the spirit of a broad‑based government. The debate was largely constructive, focusing on reconciliation and future collaboration. Members of the National Assembly offered heartfelt condolences for the passing of Hon. William Cheptumo and Hon. Malulu Injendi, praising their dedication, humility and contributions to legislation, education and legal affairs. The speakers highlighted personal connections and the impact of the deceased on their constituencies and the Parliament as a whole. The tributes underscored the loss to both their local communities and the nation.

Members raised concerns that leadership and committee chairs dominate speaking time, proposing procedural motions to cap debate durations for all members. The debate also focused on the need to fast‑track audit committee reports to meet constitutional timelines and improve public accountability. Calls were made for stricter adherence to Standing Order 97 and for the House Business Committee to prioritize audit reports. The afternoon sitting opened with a welcome after the recess and a reminder that the 13th Parliament is at its mid‑term, with several government and private members’ bills slated for second reading. Members then delivered heartfelt eulogies for the late journalist Leonard Mambo Mbotela, recalling his pioneering role in Kenyan media, sports commentary and his influence during historic events such as the 1982 coup, while offering condolences to his family. The session concluded with acknowledgments and a brief nod to the upcoming legislative agenda. The session began with a solemn tribute to the late Leonard Mambo Mbotela, highlighting his patriotic contributions. The debate then shifted to procedural concerns, with members urging the Speaker to ensure the pending hardship‑allowance report is tabled and that the Health Committee provides an update on NHIF death‑gratuity payments. Overall, the tone combined respect for the deceased with frustration over delayed implementation of agreed‑upon measures.

Senator Cherarkey praised the contributions of female senators and urged greater civic education and public participation, especially regarding the Finance Bill and proposed road tolls. He highlighted widespread misinformation and procedural shortcomings in budget transparency, calling for mandatory civic education for officials and more genuine community engagement. The session also included procedural motions to defer a bill question and resume a previous debate. Senators criticised the failure of health equipment repairs and the forced payments by counties to the national government, calling the arrangements unconstitutional. They urged the Standing Committee on Health to conduct nationwide inspections, tighten budgets for non‑essential travel, and hold governors accountable for dilapidated facilities and drug shortages. The debate highlighted inadequate funding for the Social Health Authority and the need for stronger oversight of health service delivery. The Senate considered a joint report on the two-thirds gender principle and moved to adopt it. Senators raised concerns about deteriorating health services in Mombasa, the suicide of medical interns highlighting mental‑health issues, the impending dissolution of the Pyrethrum Processing Company and the poor condition of a key road in Embu County. The session combined procedural motions with pointed critiques of service delivery and governance.

Senators expressed strong support for the forest conservation bill, proposing school tree‑planting clubs, a national tree‑planting month, and revisiting the Chiefs Act to tighten control over tree felling. They called for mandatory public participation before permits are granted and highlighted the need to avoid non‑native species such as blue gums that threaten water resources. The debate combined constructive suggestions with concerns about implementation and environmental impacts. The Senate addressed the enforcement of Sen. Gloria Orwoba's suspension following a court stay, with the Deputy Speaker outlining the new suspension period. Subsequent proceedings were largely procedural, with several senators giving notice of motions to adopt reports on the Conflict of Interest Bill, teacher allowance discrimination, maize disease impacts, graft investigations, and alleged fraud in the beverage sector. Senators debated a forest conservation amendment, urging stronger enforcement, tax incentives and a dedicated tree‑planting week to boost Kenya’s forest cover. They highlighted weak current enforcement, proposed incentives for private owners, and expressed broad support for the Bill’s objectives.

The Speaker reminded members of the statutory deadline for the 2025 Budget Policy Statement and Debt Management Strategy, urging the rapid formation of the Budget and Appropriations Committee and the Public Debt and Privatization Committee. Members engaged in procedural exchanges and, notably, Hon. Shakeel Shabbir delivered a tribute to the late Prince Aga Khan, outlining his contributions to Kenya’s education, health, media and tourism sectors. The session combined administrative urgency with a respectful commemoration, reflecting a constructive parliamentary tone. The debate featured Hon. Millie Odhiambo-Mabona repeatedly challenging the Speaker, using cultural metaphors to criticize perceived overreach and demanding a broader, inclusive government. Procedural business was addressed when Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah moved a motion to appoint additional members to the House Business Committee, leading to points of order and interruptions. The session also included a brief expression of support for Raila Odinga’s African Union chairmanship bid. The session was marked by procedural clashes as members disputed the composition of the House Business Committee, with the ODM representative announcing a withdrawal of his party’s members and several MPs walking out. Despite the disorder, members emphasized the need to reconvene the committee to address urgent matters such as school capitation, the Supplementary Appropriations Bill and the reconstitution of other committees. The Speaker reiterated standing orders and called for order before proceeding.

Sen. Tabitha Keroche urged support for local ethanol and beverage production, linking sugarcane processing to Kenya‑made vodka. Sen. Joe Nyutu raised concerns over the low, delayed stipends and inadequate equipment for Community Health Workers, calling for increased funding, timely payments and training. The Senate then moved through procedural motions to appoint additional members to the Procedure and Rules Committee and the Committee on Powers and Privileges. Sen. Khalwale criticised the superficial nature of public participation and warned of extensive county‑level corruption, referencing an EACC report that listed several counties with a 100 % corruption rate. He urged the Senate to adopt the Bill’s provisions on public participation (Clause 8) and civic‑education funding (Clause 9) as a means to improve accountability, while other senators voiced support for the legislation. Senators debated the ownership and operational rights of Mumias Sugar Company and its associated ethanol and power plants, accusing Mr. Rai of fraudulent claims and highlighting a High Court ruling that denied his entry. The discussion emphasized the economic significance of Mumias Sugar to Kakamega, farmer payments, and the need for government backing while condemning past business failures linked to Rai.

Sen. Onyonka highlighted the lack of dedicated oversight funds for Senators and called for rotational Senate committee membership, while also critiquing the current funding mechanisms for MPs, MCAs and women representatives. The Temporary Speaker shifted the discussion to recent political coalition realignments, urging honest constitutional interpretation and warning against partisan convenience. The debate combined constructive proposals with sharp criticism of party politics and governance practices. Senators repeatedly condemned Governor Mutahi Kahiga for insulting the Maasai community, urging respect, unity and condemning divisive politics. The debate also touched on the work of the Senate Business Committee and expressed support for pending legislation such as the Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood) Bill and the Civic Education Bill. Procedural interjections and calls for further deliberation were noted throughout the session. The Senate debated the creation of a Senate Business Committee to foster a more cooperative relationship with the National Assembly, with the Temporary Speaker warning that many bills die in the Assembly and urging remedial action. Members broadly supported the motion, discussed procedural matters such as quorum, division scheduling, and the need for a stable devolution fund, and noted shifting party alignments. The debate combined criticism of current legislative bottlenecks with constructive proposals for improved coordination and oversight.

The Speaker rebuked Hon. Peter Salasya over alleged phone streaming and accusations of dishonesty, while members debated the court ruling that determines the parliamentary majority coalition. Hon. Robert Mbui and others argued that coalition composition should follow the Registrar of Political Parties and warned against frequent party‑switching, emphasizing procedural delays and the need for clarity on majority versus minority status. The exchange was marked by tension over parliamentary authority and conduct. The Speaker reiterated parliamentary rules, especially prohibiting personal attacks on judges, and opened the floor for points of order. Hon. Junet Mohamed used the opportunity to argue that the Majority Party’s leader need not be the ruling party’s executive, warning of a potential constitutional crisis and citing foreign democratic practices. The exchange highlighted procedural enforcement alongside a contentious debate over party leadership and constitutional norms. Members of the National Assembly delivered heartfelt tributes to Ms Anne Wambui Njoroge on her retirement as Director of Hansard and Audio Services, lauding her decades‑long dedication, mentorship of parliamentarians, and role in ensuring accurate parliamentary records. The speeches also touched on the broader issue of women’s representation in senior parliamentary positions, urging greater inclusion. Overall, the debate was celebratory and appreciative of her legacy.

Senators highlighted that recent tax changes and mandatory contributions are pushing civil servants below the constitutional one‑third salary rule, urging a review of the Human Resource Policies. The Senate also resolved to reduce Sen. Gloria Orwoba’s suspension period and addressed the three‑week UHC nurses’ strike over contract terms, unpaid gratuities, and the whereabouts of a supplementary budget, calling for a joint meeting with the Cabinet Secretary. Senators invoked Standing Order 53 to request statements from various committees on a range of governance concerns, including the alleged theft of excise duty stamps, compensation for wildlife‑related injuries, disputed county boundary changes, delayed exam‑related payments, pension arrears, unfair labour practices, and the status of health facilities. The interventions underscored frustration over lack of accountability and service delivery, urging prompt investigations and remedial action. The Senate confirmed quorum and proceeded with procedural business, including a motion to adjourn for discussion of the urgent issue of Kenyan fishermen killed in the Todonyang area. Senators also laid several Auditor‑General reports on Bungoma County finances and acknowledged a visit by Daystar University students. The session concluded with arrangements for a service for the late Senator Cheptumo and routine acknowledgements.

Members unanimously backed the introduction of Clause 27A and Clause 30A, emphasizing tax concessions, research grants and intellectual‑property safeguards to boost youth‑led startups. They highlighted the need for faster IP registration and collaboration with KIPI, while procedural motions were carried to read the clauses a second time. Members debated an amendment to align the Bill with the Data Protection Act, emphasizing protection of personal data, intellectual property and AI‑related misuse for startups and content creators. The House also considered new clauses establishing a multi‑agency startup committee and incentives for incubators and accelerators, with broad support despite routine procedural interruptions. The National Assembly convened a special afternoon sitting after the New Year, with the Speaker confirming quorum and outlining the agenda. Members laid departmental reports and papers on the appointment of cabinet secretaries, public service commission members, ambassadors and other officials, and gave notice of motions based on those findings. Expressions of gratitude for a colleague’s funeral highlighted a cooperative tone amidst the procedural business.

The House debated the approval of three diplomatic appointments, highlighting the qualifications of the nominees and urging the Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs and the Head of Public Service to improve due‑diligence to avoid last‑minute refusals. Members praised the nominees' experience, especially in peace and security for the Haiti mission, while also noting procedural shortcomings. A brief reference was made to the recent Gaza ceasefire as a global diplomatic development. The session saw heated exchanges over regional identity and accusations of sectarian politics, with the Speaker repeatedly warning members to maintain decorum. The debate then moved to the approval of cabinet secretaries, where members praised former governors’ records, discussed ICT connectivity challenges, agricultural sector issues, and warned against corruption and cartel influence. The afternoon sitting featured Hon. Liza Chelule thanking the President and urging support for pyrethrum cultivation in Nakuru, while Hon. Anthony Wainaina praised the newly appointed cabinet secretaries and called for their commitment to food security. Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah stressed that cabinet secretaries serve all Kenyans, warned against extortion, and urged the House to approve the nominees with integrity. The debate combined commendations with calls for accountability and inclusive governance.

Hon. Samuel Chepkong’a advocated for constitutional entrenchment of the NG-CDF, NGAAF and Senate Oversight Fund to safeguard their role in constituency development, affirmative action and legislative oversight. He highlighted past court rulings that declared the CDF Act unconstitutional and argued that a constitutional basis would ensure stability, accountability and value for money. The speech also criticised perceived judicial overreach and contrasted the funds' efficiency with other poorly managed institutions. Members of the National Assembly voiced strong support for amending the Constitution to entrench the NG‑CDF, NGAAF and the Senate Oversight Fund, citing their tangible benefits in education, security and inclusive development. They criticized the court’s ruling that declared the NG‑CDF unconstitutional and urged protection of these funds from political interference. The debate concluded with calls for unity and continued work on the ground for Kenyans’ benefit. Members raised concerns over alleged non‑transparent recruitment by the State Department for Diaspora Affairs and the high cost of farm feeds affecting dairy farmers, while also seeking up‑to‑date data on drug abuse from NACADA. The Speaker facilitated requests for statements and the sharing of documents, highlighting procedural cooperation despite criticism of outdated information.

The Senate conducted several divisions to vote on amendments to a Bill, notably redefining the term “employment contract” for motorcycle riders. Voting was carried out by county delegations using both electronic and manual methods under the guidance of the temporary chairperson. The recorded results show broad support for the proposed clause changes. The afternoon Senate sitting was dominated by procedural motions to move multiple bills—including the Elections (Amendment) (No.2) Bill, the Political Parties (Amendment) (No.2) Bill, and the Houses of Parliament (Bicameral Relations) Bill—to their third readings. The Temporary Speaker managed divisions, quorum bells, and seat resumption, with no substantive debate recorded. The afternoon Senate sitting was largely procedural, with members laying Auditor‑General reports for numerous counties, giving notice of motions to adopt committee reports, and addressing the Mediation Committee’s version of the Conflict of Interest Bill. Key motions covered agricultural challenges such as maize disease and irrigation‑scheme graft, extensive county bursary and education fund audits, and health‑sector oversight for selected counties.

Members highlighted the plight of Kenyan women and children in Lebanon and Saudi Arabia, stressing issues of statelessness, lack of healthcare and education. They urged the formation of a joint Select Committee and the passage of a Diaspora and Migration Bill, while calling for immediate outreach to ministries and affected families during the recess. The Temporary Speaker facilitated brief statements and coordinated the discussion. The Temporary Speaker briefed the House on the Senate’s message regarding the County Allocation of Revenue Bill and the President’s memorandum, outlining the revenue shortfall and the agreed Ksh387 billion equitable share for counties. She explained the constitutional and standing order procedures for considering the Bill and urged members to expedite its passage before the recess. The session was largely procedural with no substantive opposition recorded. Members raised concerns over the severe lack of internet and telephone connectivity in Tarbaj and broader Wajir County, urging the Communications Committee to address the digital gap and set a response deadline. The debate also included a request for a statement on compensation for victims of the 1984 Wagalla Massacre, highlighting ongoing demands for justice and reparations. Procedural exchanges focused on securing timelines for committee reports and ensuring all regions receive adequate communication services.

Members debated several amendments to the Business Laws (Amendment) Bill, including the use of eCitizen data for KEBS, the removal of withholding tax on goods sold digitally, and the introduction of a Ksh 5 million turnover threshold for the significant economic presence tax on non‑residents. The discussion was largely procedural but featured both support for facilitating digital trade and concerns about tax revenue impacts. The House also moved to report the Committee’s consideration of the Bill. The session centered on proposed amendments to the VAT Act, particularly the exemption of fertiliser and related raw materials, with Hon. Muriu seeking to delete a new paragraph and introduce Clause 16A, while Hon. Kimani clarified existing exemptions and withdrew his own amendment. The Temporary Chairman intervened to enforce procedural rules, resulting in the withdrawal of several amendments and the acceptance of the new clause. The debate was largely constructive but featured procedural tension. Members debated a proposed New Clause 16A to the VAT Act that would shift VAT liability to buyers who delay payment for goods and services. While several MPs praised the amendment as a remedy for cash‑flow problems and unpaid government bills, others warned it could be abused, lead to litigation and place undue burden on public entities. The discussion highlighted tensions between easing business operations and protecting fiscal integrity.

The House confirmed quorum, reorganised the Order Paper and debated a motion to exempt several items from Standing Order 43 so that private‑members’ business could be completed before the upcoming recess. The Temporary Speaker later communicated the withdrawal of the Scrap Metal Act amendments from the Business Laws (Amendment) Bill before its consideration in the Committee of the Whole House. Brief remarks also highlighted the upcoming SGR special train and the new tartan turf for the East African Inter‑Parliamentary Games stadium. The House debated the Tax Procedures (Amendment) (No.2) Bill, focusing on raising the tax threshold from Ksh1 million to Ksh5 million to accommodate start‑ups and small‑scale entrepreneurs, with members expressing both support and criticism of previous public‑participation claims. Procedural motions were made to report and agree on the Statutory Instruments (Amendment) Bill and the Tax Procedures Bill, though the questions on both reports were deferred. The sitting concluded with an adjournment until 2.30 p.m. the same day. Members of the National Assembly debated the nomination of Mr Abdi Ahmed Mohamud as CEO of the Ethics and Anti‑Corruption Commission, emphasizing his long service within the EACC, academic qualifications and anti‑corruption experience. They urged swift approval, arguing that his internal promotion ensures continuity and effective fight against corruption, while rejecting claims of regional bias. The discussion highlighted the need for strong institutional leadership and cooperation with other agencies such as the DPP and DCI.

Senators raised concerns over alleged mismanagement at the University of Nairobi, urging the Committee on Education to investigate before the institution deteriorates further. The debate also touched on broader issues such as political accountability, the role of experts and social media, and the emergence of new presidential contenders, while criticizing fake religious institutions. The Senate afternoon sitting opened with quorum confirmation and the laying of the County Public Accounts Committee reports covering numerous county assemblies and executives, followed by a motion to adopt those reports. Senator Tabitha Mutinda then delivered a statement on the 16‑day global campaign against gender‑based violence, highlighting alarming Kenyan statistics and calling for urgent action. The session combined routine procedural business with a substantive focus on combating GBV. The Senate conducted a series of procedural votes on the Houses of Parliament Bicameral Relations Bill (National Assembly Bills No.44 of 2023), including divisions by county delegations and a motion to adopt the Committee of the Whole’s report with amendments. The session was largely administrative, featuring electronic voting, calls for senators to approach the chair, and the final endorsement of the committee’s recommendations.

Senators expressed deep concern over the current state of Kenya’s education system, highlighting gaps in curriculum implementation, inadequate funding, and widespread mismanagement of bursary resources. They called for a comprehensive student census, stronger accountability mechanisms, and cited the Equity Bank "Wings to Fly" programme as a model for effective student support. The debate underscored the need for systemic reforms to ensure equitable access to quality education. Senators moved several amendment motions to various clauses of a Bill (clauses 37, 38, 39, 42, 46 and 47) and laid the County Government Equitable Share Cash Disbursement Schedule, referring it to the Finance and Budget Committee for prompt consideration. The House also introduced the Kenya Health Products and Technologies Regulatory Authority Bill for its first reading and resumed a previously interrupted debate. The proceedings were largely procedural and collaborative. Senators criticised the current capitation of Ksh 1,400 per pupil as insufficient to deliver free quality primary and secondary education and called for a realistic costing of education needs. They urged increased budget allocation, better teacher recruitment and remuneration, and adoption of internationally benchmarked curricula, while highlighting the role of diaspora‑trained professionals and the shortcomings of NG‑CDF bursary administration. The debate also noted procedural progress on the Cotton Industry Bill.

Hon. Silvanus Osoro explained Clause 4’s new tax‑abandonment provision, emphasizing Gazette publication and parliamentary scrutiny as safeguards against abuse. He also outlined Clause 5’s changes to withholding VAT, including a 10 % penalty and a shift from criminal to administrative offences to improve compliance and curb corruption. The debate balanced the benefits of relief for distressed taxpayers with concerns over potential misuse of the new powers. Members debated the Tax Procedures (Amendment) Bill, emphasizing its aim to harmonise tax rules, simplify compliance for Kenyans working abroad, and extend tax amnesty. They highlighted extensive public consultation, clarified procedural ambiguities, and argued the bill will benefit both taxpayers and the Kenya Revenue Authority, urging its passage. Members debated the Tax Procedures (Amendment) Bill, focusing on extending the tax amnesty, introducing a 10% penalty for withholding agents, and standardising electronic tax invoices. Concerns were raised about delayed government payments affecting VAT compliance and the need for clear rules for remote workers’ PINs, while emphasizing the importance of public participation and simplification of tax processes.

Members debated a suite of tax amendments, including making payroll deductions for SHIF, Housing Levy and NSSF tax‑allowable, repealing the Digital Service Tax, and adjusting VAT on air tickets and excise duties on tiles, coal and alcohol. The debate highlighted public participation inputs, praised the committee’s extensive work, and raised concerns about employment effects and cost‑of‑living pressures, while also criticizing some MPs for lack of preparation. Members debated the Tax Laws (Amendment) Bill 2024, with Hon. Mugambi praising the committee’s public consultations and the bill’s aim to broaden the tax base, support the informal sector, and encourage local production while exempting digital services. Hon. Oundo acknowledged the bill’s revenue‑raising intent and some progressive measures such as post‑retirement medical scheme contributions, but warned that public participation was limited and urged careful amendment. The debate highlighted both support for expanding domestic revenue and concerns over inclusivity and potential impacts. Members debated the Tax Laws (Amendment) Bill 2024, focusing on proposals to tax interest on infrastructure bonds, adjust tariffs on imported building materials, and introduce a Significance Presence Tax for digital firms. While some MPs criticized higher taxes as harmful to the economy, others highlighted extensive public participation and argued for reforms that would lower take‑home tax burdens and ensure tax revenues are used for public benefit.

Sen. Cherarkey praised the recent decline in inflation and cost of living, attributing it to the Central Bank’s role and President Ruto’s macro‑economic policies, while urging the bank to strengthen monetary policy, anti‑money‑laundering measures and deposit protection. He also called for higher capital requirements for banks, better regulation of micro‑credit firms, and attention to cryptocurrency and technology to restore public confidence in the financial system. Senators raised concerns about public distrust in the banking system, calling for stronger deposit protection and tighter regulation of micro‑credit firms, while also commending recent improvements in debt‑to‑GDP ratios, foreign‑exchange reserves and the Central Bank’s monetary policy. They highlighted the need for robust oversight of cryptocurrency and praised Kenya’s pioneering mobile‑money platform, M‑Pesa, as a model for digital finance. The debate combined criticism of past banking failures with optimism about ongoing reforms and technological advances. Senators raised several pressing issues, including the need for Kenya‑Somalia bilateral talks to open the Somali market for miraa farmers, the regulation of recruitment agencies and the establishment of diaspora job sanctuaries, and the chronic delays in teachers’ pension payments. They also questioned alleged logging in the Masai Mara, calling for realistic re‑forestation and carbon‑offset measures. The debate combined constructive proposals with criticism of existing delays and inefficiencies.

Members debated amendments to the Auditor‑General Bill aimed at preserving its constitutional status, tightening professional qualifications, and expanding its mandate to assess value for money in public spending. The discussion highlighted the need for independence, clarified the role of the Audit Advisory Board, and adjusted the recruitment process for a Deputy Auditor‑General, while featuring pointed remarks contrasting accountants and lawyers. Speakers urged broad support to align the law with the court’s earlier ruling. Members debated amendments to the National Co‑operatives Bill aimed at curbing fraudulent registrations and improving governance, granting the commissioner clearer authority to investigate duplicate societies. Several technical changes were moved—including wording on corporate bodies, AGM ratification, membership discrimination, and data‑protection compliance—and were largely agreed upon. The tone was constructive but featured occasional tension over procedural handling. The debate focused on the Public Audit (Amendment) Bill 2024, with Hon. Oundo (ODM) highlighting perceived redundancies and potential conflicts in clauses concerning the Auditor‑General’s office, term notifications, and deputy appointments, while urging careful review before the Committee of the Whole House. Hon. Kimani (UDA) expressed support for the Bill’s importance in aligning with court rulings and the Constitution and called for further enrichment of the legislation. The House proceeded to move the Bill to the Committee stage.

The Deputy Speaker confirmed quorum and reordered the agenda before Hon. Makali Mulu moved the Parliamentary Pensions (Amendment) Bill for a second reading. Mulu explained that the bill updates the Pensions Act to reflect constitutional changes, revises definitions such as the age of a child, and introduces a choice for MPs between gratuity and pension upon re‑election. Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah defended the Parliamentary Pensions (Amendment) Bill, emphasizing that the scheme is fully contributory and not funded by public coffers, and warned against media misrepresentation. He urged that the scheme be administered by the Parliamentary Service Commission rather than the Treasury and highlighted the importance of adequate retirement benefits for elderly, widowed, and young parliamentarians. The speech combined constructive advocacy for the bill with criticism of external perceptions and executive handling of pensions. Members debated a Bill to harmonise parliamentary pensions with the Constitution and broader social protection policies, emphasizing that it adds no new public spending but seeks to safeguard retirees, including gender‑neutral benefits for spouses and widowers. Hon. Nyikal highlighted structural updates for the bicameral Parliament and the need for equitable definitions, while Hon. Chepkonga requested shorter speaking slots to allow broader participation. The overall tone was constructive but raised concerns about inclusivity and procedural efficiency.

The Deputy Speaker moved the Startup Bill, outlining a six‑part framework to register, incubate and incentivise start‑ups, aiming to boost youth employment, innovation and economic growth. The speech highlighted Kenya’s strong tech ecosystem, the lack of a regulatory framework, and cited comparable startup legislation in Tunisia and Senegal, while noting procedural delays and the need for House Business Committee action. Members praised Hon. Irene Mayaka and Senator Crystal Asige for introducing the Start‑up Bill, highlighting it as a progressive piece of legislation that will foster innovation, entrepreneurship and private‑public collaboration in Kenya. The debate emphasized the Bill’s provisions for fiscal and non‑fiscal incentives, support for marginalized groups, and clear eligibility criteria for start‑ups, while urging government agencies to implement the framework. Overall, the speakers expressed strong support and optimism for the Bill’s potential impact on youth‑led enterprises. The debate focused on the Start‑Up Bill, with Hon. Ibrahim Saney praising its provisions for tax incentives, credit guarantees, mentorship and a research fund to nurture Kenyan innovators, especially youth and those in remote areas. A brief exchange arose over the use of the term “illiterate” when describing a skilled technician, which was clarified by the Temporary Speaker, and the session was later adjourned due to a lack of quorum.

Members debated amendments to the Public Finance Management (Amendment) (No.4) Bill, notably extending the Budget Policy Statement review period from 14 to 21 days and lengthening the deadline for county fiscal strategy papers. They clarified why two separate amendment bills exist and sought procedural clarity before voting. The Temporary Chairlady managed motions and maintained order throughout the discussion. Members debated amendments to a procurement bill aimed at clarifying thresholds and curbing unfair competition from foreign firms, notably setting a Ksh 1 billion limit. The debate was largely supportive, with calls to ensure only able, capable and competent local firms compete and to improve vetting of foreign contractors. Members first addressed the Public Procurement and Assets Disposal (Amendment) Bill, with the Temporary Speaker noting procedural delays and postponing the question to a later session. The debate then shifted to the Higher Education Loans Board Bill amendment, where MPs highlighted the discriminatory 18‑year age cap, argued for younger students’ access to loans, and called for administrative reforms to improve financing for education. Overall, the discussion was constructive but marked by procedural frustrations.

The afternoon sitting opened with routine procedural business, including the tabling of the Public Relations and Communication Management Bill and an update on public participation for the Tax Laws (Amendment) Bill, followed by a welcome to a Ugandan parliamentary delegation on a benchmarking visit. The focal point was Hon. Gladys Boss’s general statement on the UN Women report, highlighting alarming gender‑based violence and femicide statistics in Kenya and urging comprehensive legal, social and cultural reforms. The debate blended standard parliamentary proceedings with a serious, urgent call to address violence against women. Members debated the Public Finance Management (Amendment) (No. 3) Bill, which seeks to operationalise Article 187 of the Constitution by providing a legal framework for transferring functions and resources between national and county governments. While the motion was broadly supported as a necessary safeguard, concerns were raised about the clarity of transfer periods and the potential for political misuse, citing the Nairobi Metropolitan Services episode. Members debated the Public Finance Management (Amendment) (No. 4) Bill, highlighting its role in improving inter‑governmental asset transfers and introducing accrual accounting to enhance transparency. The discussion emphasized setting a debt‑to‑GDP ceiling of 55 % (with a 5 % buffer) and a five‑year transition period, while also containing some critical remarks about past officials. Overall, the House expressed strong support for the bill’s reforms despite occasional negative commentary.

Hon. Kassim Tandaza raised concerns about overlapping mandates and insufficient funding for the Gender and Equality Commission, urging a restructuring of responsibilities. Hon. Charles Nguna and other members praised the nominees, called for greater public awareness and adequate resources to tackle gender‑based violence and inclusion. The House ultimately deferred the motion for further consideration. Members debated the gender-balanced appointments to commissions, with Hon. Majimbo Kalasinga condemning the lack of women from his constituency and calling for regional and ethnic balance. Hon. Peter Kaluma raised a point of order, citing constitutional requirements for cumulative regional representation, while the Temporary Speaker managed procedural interruptions. The exchange highlighted tensions between gender equity goals and perceived regional inequities. Members praised Hon. Rehema Jaldesa’s nomination as Chair of the National Gender and Equality Commission and highlighted her experience, while repeatedly stressing the chronic under‑funding that hampers the Commission’s effectiveness. The debate also addressed the broader issue of gender‑based violence, calling for stronger community policing and societal change to curb femicide. Speakers called for greater resources and concrete action to achieve gender equity, including the two‑thirds rule and support for all vulnerable groups.

Members raised urgent security concerns in the Chesegon area, noting abandoned homes and unused renovated schools due to ongoing violence. The House then proceeded to procedural matters before adopting the Mediation Committee Report on the Division of Revenue (Amendment) Bill, highlighting the collaborative yet heated negotiations to align revenue allocations with constitutional requirements. The motion sought approval of the mediated revenue figures and emphasized the need for a two‑thirds majority to finalize the County Allocation of Revenue Act. The Speaker confirmed quorum and set out the afternoon agenda, including debate on the President’s Address, the appointment of a PSC member, the Kenya Revenue Authority (Amendment) No.2 Bill and the Coffee Bill in Committee of the Whole House. He criticised several members for neglecting the coffee sector debate and urged greater participation, while members proceeded to lay various departmental committee reports on health, labour, finance and other matters. Members praised the President's recent initiatives on affordable housing, the cancellation of controversial contracts, and commitments to gender equality and anti‑corruption reforms, while also urging concrete action on corruption, extrajudicial killings, and regional development for pastoralist communities. The debate reflected both support for the government's direction and calls for stronger implementation of promised measures.

Hon. Martha Wangari highlighted the alarming rise in gender‑based violence, condemning inadequate government response, lack of DNA testing facilities, lenient bail practices and ineffective gender desks in police stations, urging stronger judicial and economic interventions. Hon. (Dr) John Mutunga then reflected on the President’s address, questioning Kenya’s adherence to constitutional values, national unity, devolution outcomes and equitable resource distribution. Both speakers called for concrete actions to translate policy into tangible benefits for citizens. Hon. George Murugara praised the President's address, highlighting improvements in the judiciary, economy, agriculture and the rollout of Universal Health Care, while also noting challenges such as abductions, extrajudicial killings, taxation concerns and corruption. Hon. Beatrice Elachi echoed the positive outlook but called for action on food security, health insurance registration, and urgent measures against gender‑based violence. The debate combined commendation of progress with calls for stronger enforcement and accountability. Members of the National Assembly praised the President’s State of the Nation Address, highlighting decisions such as cancelling the Adani deal, hiring 20,000 junior secondary teachers, and launching affordable housing and sports academies. At the same time, they raised concerns about implementation, the need for transparent data on diaspora employment, challenges in the sugar sector, lingering corruption and cost‑of‑living issues, and called for better monitoring of promised programmes.

Senators debated the President’s address, humorously correcting a point of order about a standing ovation, and then shifted to a critique of Kenya’s political focus on poverty rather than prosperity. They urged a paradigm shift toward national development, highlighting the need to prioritize key infrastructure corridors such as the Mombasa‑Nairobi and Nairobi‑Malaba roads, and called for politics that transcend tribal interests. Senator Wamatinga highlighted the shortcomings of the SHIF scheme, urging legislative fixes and broader access to affordable health services, especially for remote communities. He called for a united stance against corruption, advocated public‑private partnerships for projects like the High Grand Falls Dam, and stressed the need for equitable education and economic relief for all Kenyans. Senators raised alarm over human rights violations, including extrajudicial killings of Gen Z protesters and the unlawful deportation of Turkish nationals, demanding accountability and adherence to international obligations. At the same time, they praised the President’s recent address for tackling femicide, establishing GBV desks at the grassroots, cancelling the Adani deal, expanding teacher recruitment, reducing fertilizer costs, and advancing universal health care, highlighting both criticism and commendation within the debate.

The sitting began with the Speaker confirming quorum and forwarding a nomination for the Ethics and Anti‑Corruption Commission CEO to the Justice and Legal Affairs Committee for expedited approval. Members then laid the Energy Committee’s report on reducing electricity costs and moved a comprehensive motion to lift the moratorium on new power purchase agreements, subject to conditions on storage, tariff approval, local currency contracts, and auction‑based procurement. The debate was largely procedural and focused on advancing these legislative items. Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah praised the government’s Taifa Care health scheme, affordable housing programme and job‑creating initiatives such as the Hustler Fund and overseas employment opportunities. He highlighted the sharp drop in inflation, the revival of the sugar industry and increased agricultural production, while also urging a clear distinction between lawful arrests and abductions and commending security agencies for swift action. Hon. Junet Mohamed highlighted the need for improved airport infrastructure through transparent public‑private partnerships, while urging greater awareness of the new health financing scheme (SHA) and broader inclusion in the Conflict of Interest Bill. He also called for urgent action on gender‑based violence and stressed the constitutional right to peaceful demonstrations, emphasizing balanced security responses.

Members largely praised the President’s State of the Nation Address, highlighting progress in coffee development, health insurance reforms, and the revival of Sony Sugar. At the same time, they raised concerns about youth unemployment, security threats to women, high licensing barriers for investors, and the need for better education infrastructure and mining regulation. The debate featured Hon. Fatuma Mohammed urging leaders to guide the President, Hon. Julius Mawathe criticizing the Adani deal, health insurance, education funding, unemployment, high electricity costs and the business environment, and Hon. Zamzam Mohammed praising the President for youth employment, Taifa Care, food security, curriculum reforms and increased sugar production. The exchange highlighted starkly different assessments of the government’s performance across economic, health, education and agricultural sectors. Several UDA MPs used the sitting to commend President William Ruto’s recent initiatives, defending him against what they described as misleading media narratives. They highlighted policies such as public‑private partnerships, fertilizer subsidies that lowered maize prices, the Social Health Authority’s reduced premiums, increased teacher recruitment, a stronger shilling and airport expansion. The overall tone was supportive and optimistic about the government’s direction.

President William Ruto responded to public concerns about hardship, unemployment, education and governance, outlining the severe fiscal and external shocks Kenya faced since 2022. He then highlighted recent macro‑economic gains – a stronger shilling, sharply lower inflation, record foreign‑exchange reserves, robust growth and expanded tax revenues – and detailed ongoing interventions such as subsidised fertilizer distribution to boost food security. While celebrating progress, he acknowledged that many Kenyans still struggle to meet basic needs. President William Ruto thanked women leaders, outlined plans for digitising health and tax services to curb fraud, and announced the cancellation of the JKIA expansion procurement over corruption concerns. He emphasized national unity, the formation of a broad‑based cabinet, and the need for patience in economic transformation, while urging institutions to act decisively against corruption. The session concluded with adjournments and a call for a reception. President Ruto outlined significant progress in the Affordable Housing Programme, announcing the launch of 4,888 new units and highlighting its role in job creation and the broader Bottom‑Up Economic Transformation Agenda. He reaffirmed Kenya’s commitment to democratic freedoms, the right to peaceful protest, and warned against criminal unrest, while also addressing concerns over alleged disappearances and condemning any illegal arrests by security forces. The remarks combined optimism about development initiatives with caution on security and civil liberties issues.

The Senate and National Assembly speakers formally convened a joint special sitting to receive the President’s constitutional address, outlining progress on national values, governance, and international obligations. President William Ruto highlighted rapid socio‑economic change, citizen empowerment, and Kenya’s readiness to host the 14th East African Community Inter‑Parliamentary Games. The debate was largely procedural and forward‑looking, with an optimistic tone toward national transformation. President William Ruto addressed citizens' concerns about high living costs, unemployment and education while outlining the government's response to economic challenges. He highlighted macro‑economic improvements such as a stronger shilling and lower inflation, and cited sectoral gains in sugar, coffee and dairy production. The speech combined acknowledgment of ongoing hardships with optimism about the country’s turnaround. President William Ruto highlighted the government’s progress in three priority areas: the recruitment of 56,000 teachers to strengthen education, the launch of universal health coverage through the Social Health Insurance Act and the new Taifa Care system, and the rollout of the Affordable Housing Programme with the sale of 4,888 new units and the creation of 164,000 jobs. He urged Kenyans to register for the health scheme and to apply for housing, emphasizing transparency, equity and the broader economic boost from these initiatives.

Hon. Esther Passaris urged a comprehensive overhaul of Kenya’s education bursary system to deliver truly free basic and secondary education, citing the inadequacy of current schemes, the need for full funding of books, uniforms and facilities, and the social benefits of keeping children in school. She referenced the successful rollout of free primary education in 2003 and called on the Ministry of Education and MPs to allocate sufficient resources, including using NG‑CDF funds to build classrooms. The debate also touched on community health promoters and procedural remarks from the Temporary Speaker. The session focused on procedural business, including the third reading and passage of the Community Health Workers Bill. Members raised a request for a statement on alleged livestock killings by security officers in West Pokot, prompting a promise of a response within two weeks, and also sought clarification on the management of Uhuru Gardens. The debate remained largely orderly with limited confrontation. Members discussed an amendment to regulate eucalyptus planting, emphasizing its adverse effects on water resources, soil health and food security, while supporting its commercial benefits if properly managed. Hon. Charles Nguna, Hon. Clive Gisairo and Hon. Bady Twalib called for clear guidelines, county enforcement and alternative energy sources, urging swift implementation. The Temporary Speaker facilitated the debate and addressed procedural matters.

Members raised concerns that extra levies and high uniform costs are forcing students to drop out, urging the government to stop unlawful charges. The Cabinet Secretary outlined the draft Kenya School Meals Policy, its thematic areas, implementation mechanisms, digital tracking via NEMIS, and current coverage, while noting the absence of a framework for alternative basic education institutions. The exchange combined criticism with detailed policy explanations, reflecting a mixed tone. The afternoon sitting began with procedural disputes before the Cabinet Secretary for Agriculture and Livestock Development was called to answer questions on the use of highly hazardous pesticides in Kenya. Members highlighted previous unanswered concerns and the prevalence of banned chemicals, while the minister detailed actions taken—including new pest‑control regulations, product analyses, increased funding for the Pest Control Products Board, and steps toward a new Pest Control Products Bill. Members questioned the Cabinet Secretary for Education on the readiness of 16,000 classrooms and the construction of laboratories, and clarified that universities are only technically insolvent. The House then welcomed a delegation from China’s National People’s Congress, with several members praising the bilateral relationship. The session concluded with procedural instructions to return to questions.

Senators debated a bill that would regulate public fundraising (harambee) by requiring permits and imposing heavy fines, arguing it would cripple community support for education and health services. Opponents highlighted practical obstacles, the risk of excluding vulnerable families, and widespread misinformation, while noting strong religious and community backlash. The Temporary Speaker noted limited support for the legislation. Sen. Mungatana highlighted the financial hardships faced by former MCAs and other public office holders after leaving office, arguing for a dedicated retirement savings scheme similar to those for MPs, Senators and Presidents. He warned that without robust safeguards, the proposed fund could be vulnerable to mismanagement and corruption, and called on MCAs and umbrella bodies to review and tighten the legislation. The debate combined criticism of existing gaps with constructive proposals for better pension planning and fund oversight. The debate focused on introducing a contributory pension scheme for County Assembly members, with the Temporary Speaker outlining the Bill's structure across five parts and emphasizing its role in providing financial security after retirement. She addressed potential media criticism, clarified that the scheme is not a drain on public funds, and urged fellow Senators to support the legislation. The discussion also highlighted the need for qualified trustees and proper governance of the fund.

The debate focused on the chronic squatter problem in Kilifi County, with the Cabinet Secretary outlining land settlement schemes, funding constraints and legal challenges around land transfer. Senators raised concerns about alleged corruption in the Kilifi Land Control Board and broader issues of land titling, compensation, and disputed administrative boundaries between counties. Procedural interruptions highlighted the tension between seeking solutions and managing political sensitivities. Senators raised long‑standing land ownership disputes along the Tharaka Nithi–Meru county boundary, seeking a status update on title adjudication for several locations. The Cabinet Secretary explained that the process is delayed because the administrative boundary remains contested and emphasized the need for political and community dialogue before titles can be issued. Senators Olekina and Asige questioned the Cabinet Secretary on land identification for the planned 1,320 houses in Narok County and on the incorporation of universal design principles for persons with disabilities in the new housing projects. The Cabinet Secretary responded that land is being identified with county leaders, that higher‑rise units will include lifts and accessible amenities, and that allocation will follow legal quotas to ensure affordability and non‑discrimination for vulnerable groups.