Sittings

Hon. Maisori Kemero praised recent educational achievements and the existing fertilizer subsidy, but argued that Kenya should invest in domestic fertilizer factories to create jobs and reduce foreign exchange outflows. Hon. Zamzam Mohammed echoed this, highlighting health and environmental risks from imported fertilizers, the need for local production to improve food safety, cut costs and provide youth employment, and urged the government to act on the motion. Both speakers called on the Executive and Trade Department to facilitate investment and legislation for a home‑grown fertilizer industry. Members urged the establishment of a domestic fertilizer manufacturing plant to boost food security, lower input costs for farmers, and create jobs for youth. They criticised past failed initiatives, high subsidy costs and bureaucratic barriers, calling for budget allocations and streamlined regulations to make local production viable. The debate linked fertilizer self‑sufficiency to broader economic stability and reduced dependence on volatile global supply chains. The sitting featured a heated exchange over the relevance of remarks between Hon. Amisi and Hon. Baya, with the Temporary Speaker intervening to maintain order. The substantive debate focused on boosting domestic fertilizer production, attracting investors, and enhancing food security through agricultural manufacturing. Members also called for small‑scale fertilizer factories and better seed provision to support farmers.

Hon. Ruweida Mohamed highlighted the lack of rescue support for fishermen in Lamu and urged the government to develop safety measures, while Hon. Paul Nabuin raised concerns about arrests, disappearances and the absence of demarcation for fishing zones on Lake Turkana. The Minister responded with proposals to decentralise the Government Chemist laboratory, increase funding and staffing for forensic services, expand Coast Guard resources, and collaborate with county governments and the Ministry of Mining, Blue Economy and Maritime Affairs to establish clear fishing zones and improve cross‑border resource management. The Cabinet Secretary for Interior discussed reorganising the National Police Reservists (NPRs) with clear service schemes, uniform, and training, while addressing misbehaviour and resource constraints. He also highlighted the need for prioritising security in bandit‑prone areas, modernising the police with equipment and drones, and harmonising village council and elder structures to improve local governance. The debate focused on escalating security challenges, including attacks on National Police Reservists and shortages of police and administrative vehicles, prompting discussion of a leasing programme and budget allocations. Members also raised concerns over ongoing investigations into violent incidents and the need to operationalise newly gazetted administrative units with proper funding and infrastructure. While the tone highlighted serious problems, it also outlined concrete steps and collaborative efforts to improve security and service delivery.

The Senate debated the strict application of Standing Order No.55(3), with the Speaker insisting that only statements meeting the criteria be processed and warning against fear‑based approvals. Senators questioned the Secretariat’s handling of statements, sought clarification on procedural rules (including Standing Order No.53) and raised concerns about the appropriate committee referral for issues such as the Kenya National Police DT SACCO. The exchange revealed procedural tension and a call for clearer guidance while maintaining a largely procedural focus. Senators criticised the handling of a free‑service doctor’s death at Kenyatta National Hospital and condemned recruitment agencies exploiting Kenyan job‑seekers, calling for a crackdown and the dismissal of the Labour and Social Protection minister. The debate also moved a motion to consider the amended Persons with Disabilities Bill, highlighting legislative progress on disability rights. Overall, the session combined sharp criticism with procedural discussion of inclusive legislation. Senators raised concerns over exploitation of Kenyan diaspora workers, especially in the Middle East, and criticised the Cabinet Secretary for Labour’s lack of response to reported incidents. Parallel debates highlighted systemic failures in providing clean water, inclusive services for persons with disabilities, and affordable health care, while also acknowledging a visiting delegation from Makueni County Assembly. The overall tone combined strong criticism of government shortcomings with occasional positive remarks about inter‑governmental cooperation.

The debate featured calls for an expanded executive structure and constitutional amendments, alongside strong criticism of county-level corruption, alleged femicide, and inadequate service delivery in Nandi County. Senators also discussed the Statutory Instruments (Amendment) Bill, highlighting the need for timely and lawful regulations to implement existing laws. While there was support for the broader government agenda, the overall tone reflected both constructive reform proposals and sharp disapproval of current governance failures. Senators debated the Statutory Instruments (Amendment) Bill, emphasizing the need for clear timelines and penalties for delayed regulations to prevent business disruption. The discussion referenced the NADCO report, highlighting the importance of dialogue, the two‑thirds gender rule, and reforms to the IEBC, while calling for stronger fines and greater inclusivity. Senators highlighted a severe governance crisis in Nyamira County, where two parallel county assemblies, speakers, and clerks are operating, threatening devolution and budget legality. They criticised the governor and county executives for alleged impunity and called on the Senate Committee on Devolution and Intergovernmental Relations to investigate, report, and provide guidance. The debate combined sharp criticism with constructive proposals for oversight and resolution.

Hon. Ali Raso outlined the persistent insecurity across the North Rift counties, focusing on banditry, cattle rustling and communal disputes in Samburu and Turkana, and criticised the limited security presence and infrastructure. He presented the committee’s recommendations – evicting illegal settlers, redeploying security forces, investing in roads and communication, fostering community‑led peace initiatives and establishing new administrative and military posts – as a roadmap to restore peace and development. Members debated the effectiveness of Operation Maliza Uhalifu in the North Rift, citing recent bandit attacks and loss of livestock and accusing security forces of inadequate, short‑term pursuits. While some MPs criticized the lack of systematic raids and coordination between APCs and local police, others defended the President's initiatives and urged a focus on education to address underlying issues. The discussion highlighted frustration over insecurity alongside calls for constructive solutions. The session focused on adopting departmental committee reports on defence and budget monitoring, and moving a motion to approve nominees for the 63 NG‑CDF constituency committees. Members also discussed scheduling the Interior Cabinet Secretary’s appearance and procedural matters such as motions and secondments.

Senators debated the allocation and use of Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RMLF) monies, with Sen. Kinyua urging that Laikipia receive its share for road improvements and warning against mis‑use of funds. Sen. Omogeni highlighted concerns over transparency of donor‑funded projects, farmer training programmes and urged county‑level oversight visits to ensure money reaches intended beneficiaries. Sen. Khalwale condemned the stalemate over the Kshs50.5 billion devolution fund, accusing MPs and governors of personal interest and urging them to unite for the nation’s benefit. He presented three allocation schedules covering county headquarters, industrial parks, health promoters and court‑fine revenues, and announced a special audit of the latter. The senator called for swift passage of the motion to release the funds despite political disagreements. The Senate adopted the Select Committee reports on county public investments and approved the financial statements for numerous municipalities. In the same sitting, Sen. Dullo highlighted a recent shooting of an MCA in Isiolo, urging swift security action and prompting a brief exchange on the Senate’s role in national security and procedural rules. The debate combined routine approval work with heightened concern over insecurity and procedural clarification.

Senators moved to adopt the County Public Accounts and fiduciary risk reports for FY2023/2024, commending the Senate for meeting constitutional timelines while criticizing several counties for failing to respond to audit inquiries. The debate emphasized the need for stronger accountability mechanisms, summons for non‑compliant counties, and capacity‑building support for county assemblies. Procedural reminders were also issued during the session. Senators debated how to allocate limited time to five accountability motions concerning county governments, seeking consensus on speaking limits and procedural handling. The Deputy Speaker stressed fairness and a structured schedule, while members raised concerns about adequate discussion time, quorum, and the impact of a recent court ruling. The discussion highlighted tension between efficiency and thorough scrutiny of county reports. Senators highlighted alleged corruption and mismanagement in Nandi County, calling on county assemblies to enhance oversight and autonomy, while also welcoming a delegation of Samburu County students to the Senate. The debate underscored the Senate’s responsibility to monitor public funds and address pending legislation, mixing criticism with constructive engagement.

Sen. Ogola used the floor to correct misinformation about Raila Odinga’s stance on abductions, condemn abductions as criminal, and call for respect of personal reputations. She also opposed the removal of mathematics as a compulsory subject, urged timely disbursement of school capitation funds, highlighted the acute blood shortage, and advocated for further devolution of administrative units to improve service delivery. The speech combined constructive proposals with criticism of current policies and misinformation. Senators used the afternoon sitting to highlight urgent crises: delayed HELB payments leaving students in hardship, alleged mismanagement of KUSCCO eroding confidence in the SACCO sector, and a rapid rise in Kenya's public debt threatening fiscal stability. The Speaker oversaw procedural business, rearranging the order paper, managing electronic voting, and handling points of order disputes. These debates underscored both substantive policy concerns and routine parliamentary operations. The Senate session opened with Senator Gloria Orwoba delivering a formal apology for a breach of parliamentary privilege and being readmitted to the chamber. A procedural motion was passed to appoint Sen. Lelegwe as chair due to the absence of senior officers, and Senator Ojienda raised statements on media freedom, the financial viability of Posta, and the adequacy of administrative units in Kisumu County.

Senators questioned the Defence Ministry over alleged corrupt practices in military recruitment, where families pay bribes to secure positions for their children, and sought clarification on the Ministry’s actions to curb this. The Cabinet Secretary defended the Kenya Defence Forces’ humanitarian engagements, legal basis for deployments, and urged continued oversight, while also addressing media inaccuracies and regional security concerns. Senators raised concerns over unresolved compensation for two families and sought clarification on the status and funding of several dam projects, highlighting cost overruns due to height increases and weak foundations. The discussion focused on the financing mechanism of the Thwake Dam, specifically the African Development Bank concessional loan and its Appropriation‑in‑Aid (A‑in‑A) structure, with the Cabinet Secretary providing explanations. Procedural remarks about question timing and representation also featured in the sitting. The Cabinet Secretary for Water, Sanitation and Irrigation responded to Senate queries on land acquisition, compensation mechanisms and the Thwake Dam project, outlining the standard procedures involving the National Land Commission and noting that the dam is near completion but has experienced a slowdown due to technical settlement phases. He acknowledged longstanding compensation backlogs and clarified that funding comes from both the African Development Bank and the Kenyan government, while Senators pressed for details on funding ratios and unresolved compensation cases.

Senators raised concerns over inadequate use of NG‑CDF funds for disaster relief, under‑reported county development spending, rising health crises such as kala‑azar, and poor waste‑management infrastructure. They called for referrals to relevant committees, audits of fund allocations, and a coordinated House discussion to address security, health, and environmental challenges. Senators highlighted Kenya’s mounting public debt, contrasting it with lower debt‑to‑GDP ratios in other African nations and urging a shift toward debt‑free status. They criticised the lack of transparency and unequal distribution of borrowed funds across counties, proposing a working committee, a debt register and stricter criteria for fund utilisation. The debate combined criticism with constructive recommendations for improved fiscal management. Sen. Oburu highlighted the drawbacks of relying heavily on loans and stressed the need for alternative financing through private sector participation and transparent Public‑Private Partnerships (PPPs). He warned that project delays caused by inadequate community consultation increase interest costs and burden taxpayers, while urging better debt record‑keeping and digitalisation. Sen. Oketch Gicheru added that a clear Mid‑Term Debt Management Strategy is essential before setting budget revenue targets.

The session was dominated by a dispute between Sen. Gloria Orwoba and the Speaker over a prescribed apology that Orwoba claimed could incriminate her in an ongoing court case, with the Speaker insisting she either read it as ordered or leave the chamber. The debate then moved to routine procedural business, allowing other senators to submit statements on infrastructure concerns, notably the unfinished Korongo Road in Nairobi and the under‑performing Port of Kisumu. The overall tone combined tension from the apology controversy with neutral, issue‑focused discussions on development projects. The Senate debated the implementation of the Urban Areas and Cities Act, with members urging the full transfer of core functions and budgets to municipal boards and stressing the need for board independence. Concerns were also raised about the livestock vaccination programme in Tana River, including its funding sources, budget allocations, and effectiveness. Overall, the discussion combined supportive calls for devolution with criticism of current gaps and procedural uncertainties. Senators raised concerns over the planned mass livestock vaccination, questioning the lack of information on target diseases, benefits to pastoralist communities and the involvement of foreign partners. The debate also shifted to the mismanagement of the National Health Insurance Fund and the SHA/SHIF schemes, highlighting alleged corruption, opaque tendering and inadequate public participation. Calls were made for greater transparency, scientific guidance and accountability from the government.

Members praised the recent appointment of committee chairs, highlighting the increased regional representation and expressing optimism about a renewed, inclusive spirit in the National Assembly. At the same time, concerns were raised about the Assembly’s perceived underperformance, jurisdictional overlaps with the Senate, and the need for stronger oversight and implementation mechanisms. Speakers called for diligent service, clearer committee authority, and unity to restore public confidence. Members raised concerns over a disputed burial at Rangenyo, urging the Inspector-General of Police to enforce the court's stop order and prevent loss of life. The House discussed the reconstitution of select committees, highlighting compliance with standing orders while noting shortcomings in regional and ethnic balance for some vice‑chair positions. Additional remarks covered the allocation of resources to the forensic laboratory to strengthen complex investigations. Members raised concerns about rising road accidents on the A1 corridor and called for pedestrian pathways, sought clarification on the decommissioning of the Kiwanja Ndege airstrip land in Kanduyi, and urged the removal of costly national identity card fees, while the Speaker directed the appropriate committees and noted the President’s recent announcement of free IDs.

Members debated the allocation of additional funds, urging that money earmarked for teachers be used to improve pensions, promote long‑serving staff and hire older teachers before they become unemployable. The House also approved a Ksh150 million increase for the Auditor‑General’s budget and discussed the need for greater visibility and funding of commissions, including the Commission on Administrative Justice and gender‑focused bodies. While most speakers expressed support, concerns were raised about past neglect and equitable distribution of resources. Hon. Kuria Kimani moved a series of amendments (New Clauses 1B‑1H) to the Public Finance Management Act, each reducing the statutory deadline for public entities to submit financial statements from three months to two months and mandating accounting officers to act on Parliament’s recommendations from Auditor‑General reports. All motions were procedurally presented, second‑read and agreed to during the afternoon sitting. The National Assembly debated a series of amendment clauses (4A‑4E) to the Public Finance Management Act, each reducing prescribed timeframes from three months to two months and were read a second time and agreed. The Temporary Chairman announced that clauses 4F‑4I were dropped on constitutional grounds, and a consequential amendment to Clause 2 was adopted. A motion was also moved for the committee to report on the PFMA (Amendment) (No.2) Bill with its approvals.

Members debated several budget amendments, with most supporting increased allocations for pending bills, infrastructure, mineral exploitation and the petroleum department. A notable minority opposed cuts to the County Woman Representatives’ budget, arguing it harms gender‑focused affirmative action. Despite the dissent, the amendments were largely approved. Members debated the allocation of funds for electricity connectivity, with concerns that increased spending on power transmission reduced the overall energy budget. Additional discussions focused on under‑funded programmes such as the Livestock Marketing and Products Board, fish landing site bills, and a proposed amendment to increase funding for crop development and sugar sector reforms. While some members offered constructive amendments, others criticised the distribution of resources. Members debated a proposed reduction in the gender‑related budget, arguing it would disadvantage both the girl and boy child and urging that the allocation be maintained or increased. The debate highlighted procedural constraints under Article 114, the distinction between the supplementary and main budgets, and clarification that NGAAF funding is not being cut. Several MPs opposed the amendment while others explained the fiscal rationale.

Sen. Ali Roba presented the committee's recommendations on allocating Kshs13.9 billion from the RMLF, increasing county payrolls and adjusting revenue sharing, while praising stakeholder engagement. Sen. (Dr.) Khalwale sharply criticised the Budget Policy Statement, alleging Kshs29.77 billion of misallocated funds, health‑sector cuts and budgeted corruption, and moved to censure the Cabinet Secretary for Finance. The debate centered on county funding, road authority restructuring, and accusations of fiscal mismanagement. Senators highlighted the importance of a transparent, accountable budget and criticised gaps such as the exclusion of pastoralist communities and the misallocation of health funds to counties. They called for increased funding and automation of oversight bodies like the Auditor‑General and Controller of Budget, while also raising concerns about county debt to Kenya Power and the backlog of pending bills. The debate combined constructive recommendations with pointed criticism of current fiscal management. Senators criticised the abandonment and lack of transparency of several large‑scale infrastructure projects, notably the Standard Gauge Railway extensions and the Lake Turkana Wind Power scheme, urging the executive to provide detailed accounts and ensure community benefits. They also called for clearer public‑private partnership arrangements and advocated for modernising transport with electric trains and extending the SGR to underserved regions. The debate combined strong criticism with constructive proposals for accountability and future development.

Hon. George Murugara urged the Treasury to allocate resources more equitably to marginalised regions, stressing the need for improved water, energy, road infrastructure and greater access to judicial services. Hon. (Dr) Makali Mulu praised the Liaison Committee’s work but warned that supplementary estimates often erode the development budget and that public‑participation funds are being misused, calling for stricter adherence to constitutional and PFMA guidelines. Both speakers combined criticism with constructive recommendations for a fairer budgeting process. The speaker defended the need for the second Supplementary Estimates under the Public Finance Management Act while highlighting the deteriorating state of Kenya’s major universities and calling for urgent investment to restore them. He also warned that pending bills and a hostile business environment are stifling economic growth, urging the government to prioritize entrepreneurs, regional equalisation and proper budgetary processes. The remarks combined criticism of current management with constructive appeals for reform. Members debated the Supplementary Estimates II for FY 2024/25, highlighting new allocations to the road sector, agriculture (fertiliser, sugar, milk) and security, and praising the government's efforts to promote equity and economic recovery. While there was strong support for the added funding and its expected impact on regional development and food security, some members referenced past budget‑making shortcomings and noted remaining deficits, especially in police insurance. The overall tone combined optimism about the allocations with cautious reminders of fiscal challenges.

The Speaker outlined the government’s tea reforms, highlighting quality‑control standards, traceability measures and penalties to prevent mixing of grades. He reported substantial gains for smallholder farmers, increased export earnings and market diversification into orthodox and specialty teas, alongside improved corporate governance in tea factories. The remarks emphasized continued reforms to boost competitiveness and farmer returns. The Senate session centered on the Lower Kuja Irrigation Development Project, with the Cabinet Secretary for Water, Sanitation and Irrigation detailing the project's background, land acquisition, compensation to affected persons, and outstanding payments. He outlined the amounts paid, the remaining balance, and the guidance received from the National Land Commission, noting that compensation is expected to be completed by August 2025. The discussion was procedural and focused on project implementation and financial settlement. Senators congratulated the Cabinet Secretary for Agriculture while pressing for concrete actions on research, especially macadamia seedling development tailored to regional conditions. They criticised the absence of a coherent agricultural policy and the perceived neglect of the Agricultural and Food Authority, urging the CS to present a sessional paper for parliamentary consideration. The CS defended the AFA's continued relevance and highlighted ongoing efforts to consolidate and add value to the sector.

The debate presented the FY 2025/26 budget ceilings for numerous commissions and ministries, then moved to policy resolutions urging the Treasury to prioritize near‑completion projects, address unfunded priorities, and report on zero‑based budgeting and pension digitisation. Hon. Gladys Boss called for greater transparency in aid appropriations, donor‑funded water projects, and the administration of petroleum funds. Members raised concerns over the new funding model for higher education and the need for clear TVET promotion guidelines, urging departments to meet set deadlines. The House also moved to adopt the Liaison Committee report on the Second Supplementary Estimates, with procedural votes recorded. Members broadly supported the 2025/2026 Budget Statement, highlighting its potential to create industrial parks, boost youth employment and drive GDP growth. At the same time, they raised concerns about unequal infrastructure, such as impassable roads, lack of electricity, water and market access for wheat in constituencies like Narok North, urging equitable resource allocation. Personal acknowledgments of presidential projects and school alumni were also noted.

Senators discussed the Joint Committee’s recommendations from the National Dialogue Committee, focusing on constitutional amendments, the entrenchment of special funds and the two‑thirds agenda, and the need for public participation. They also debated term limits for women MPs and persons with disabilities and warned against using reforms to serve partisan interests. The motion was seconded with broad support but highlighted concerns about political motives. The Speaker welcomed visiting university leaders and urged them to engage in public politics. The subsequent exchange focused on clarifying the constitutional requirements for amendments, especially the need for referendums under Articles 255 and 256, with references to Indian and Australian practices. Senators also touched on the proposed tenure of the Senate and the broader role of the upper house. Senators debated a Bill aimed at expanding county libraries, including electronic resources and internet connectivity, with strong support for improving access to information and preserving cultural heritage. Concerns were raised about the financial burden of establishing new boards and the potential for patronage, as well as the need to integrate language development and AI tools. Procedural interruptions occurred before the debate resumed, highlighting both enthusiasm and fiscal caution.

Members highlighted that Ksh33 billion in grants, loans and salary arrears for health workers and climate‑agriculture programmes are being held at the national level, delaying essential services in rural counties. They criticised bureaucratic delays and devolution disputes, urging immediate release of the funds to counties for primary healthcare, community health workers and resilience projects. Suggestions included simplifying structures so money follows the workers and passing the Bill without further political bargaining. Members praised devolution and backed the County Governments Additional Allocations Bill, highlighting its potential to unlock Ksh42 billion for health workers, community health programmes and economic development projects such as CAIPs and livestock commercialization. At the same time they warned that funds must be used prudently, with greater transparency and reduced reliance on donor support, urging counties to generate their own revenue and ensure accountability. Members debated the County Governments Additional Allocations Bill, urging swift passage to release conditional and unconditional grants for health workers, CHPs, water‑sanitation projects and agricultural programmes. While expressing strong support for the bill’s potential to address critical county needs, they criticised county governments for poor transparency, mismanagement and alleged theft of funds, calling on governors to use the allocations prudently.

Members debated amendments to the Public Audit Act, proposing the repeal of Section 12 (acting Auditor‑General) and Section 18 (secondment of staff) after a High Court ruling deemed them unconstitutional. The discussion highlighted the need to safeguard the Auditor‑General’s independence and sought clarification on the scope of the changes and the use of short‑term consultants. Members debated the repeal of Section 42 of the Public Audit Act to empower the Auditor‑General to question government policy and audit security agencies. The majority voiced strong support, arguing it would enhance oversight, improve service delivery and correct misconceptions that the amendment would curtail the Auditor‑General’s role. Procedural motions were then moved to report on the Public Audit (Amendment) Bill and its approval. The House reported that the Committee of the Whole approved amendments to the County Governments Revenue Raising Process Bill and the Public Audit Amendment Bill, with members lauding the changes that bolster the Auditor‑General’s oversight. Several MPs praised the Departmental Committee on Finance and National Planning for its work and urged stronger public‑resource governance, while procedural motions to put the question were deferred to the next sitting.

Sen. Kibwana highlighted achievements in women’s empowerment, including legislative reforms and KEWOSA’s mentorship, while noting persistent gender‑rule and GBV challenges. He also congratulated Kenyan musician Bien‑Aimé Baraza on his regional award, urging government support for the arts. Other senators used the sitting to request statements on health‑service suspensions under the Social Health Authority and on difficulties faced by Inua Jamii beneficiaries, reflecting procedural concerns. The Senate session began with the Speaker confirming quorum and welcoming a delegation of students, teachers and interns, emphasizing the educational purpose of their visit. Senators then laid a series of Auditor‑General reports on Nyeri County’s financial statements and related environmental regulation documents. The proceedings were largely procedural and cordial. Sen. Cheruiyot welcomed a school delegation and highlighted the Senate’s legislative, representative and oversight functions, urging stronger collaboration with county assemblies. The debate then shifted to Sen. (Dr.) Khalwale’s critique of the Social Health Authority’s funding model, warning that inadequate financing is leading to patient arrests and calling for a more robust, multi‑source financing approach. The Deputy Speaker managed procedural timing throughout the session.

Members debated the 2025 Medium Term Debt Strategy, highlighting Kenya’s high debt‑to‑GDP ratio and fiscal deficit while noting recent declines. They urged the Treasury to automate debt service withdrawals, integrate the debt management system with IFMIS, and strengthen the Treasury Single Account to improve transparency and control. The motion received broad support and was seconded for adoption. The House debated a discrepancy between the fiscal framework and the budget paper, which was clarified as a classification issue of the Social Health Insurance Fund and praised the Finance and National Planning Committee for identifying the error. The session then shifted to Hon. Wanjiku Muhia’s motion on the delayed absorption and unequal contractual terms of health workers under the Universal Health Coverage programme, with the Speaker allocating time for the motion after procedural confirmations. The debate combined technical clarification, commendation of parliamentary scrutiny, and criticism of government implementation of health worker contracts. Members debated the reconstitution of parliamentary committees, highlighting challenges in balancing political affiliation, gender and regional representation while urging swift election of chairpersons. The discussion included an amendment to replace a member on the Committee on Regional Integration and addressed procedural concerns about vacancies and member interests. Overall, the tone combined constructive procedural focus with mild frustration over the complexity of the process.

Hon. Mary Njoroge advocated for amending the education law to establish Sub-County Education Boards, arguing that this will streamline reporting, reduce backlogs, and improve oversight of schools. She emphasized inclusive composition, gender balance, minimum qualifications, and modest allowances, highlighting expected gains in efficiency, reduced bureaucracy, and greater community involvement. Members debated the inequitable allocation of teacher slots in Tharaka counties and called for empowered sub‑county education boards to address local staffing and resource issues. Hon. Beatrice Elachi highlighted systemic problems in the Ministry of Education, especially regarding the new Competency‑Based Curriculum, and urged reforms to improve oversight, funding transparency, and fee structures. The discussion combined criticism of current practices with proposals for structural changes to ensure equity and accountability. Hon. Adan Keynan criticised the current Competency Based Curriculum and bureaucratic reforms, while lauding recent teacher recruitment efforts in Northern Kenya and thanking President Ruto. The debate then shifted to Hon. Mugambi Rindikiri’s support for a new Education Board Bill aimed at improving coordination among the TSC, Ministry of Education and other stakeholders, enhancing resource allocation, and addressing equity and inclusivity in hardship areas. Overall, members expressed both dissatisfaction with existing challenges and optimism about the proposed institutional reforms.

Senator Olekina highlighted serious shortcomings in Kenya's seed certification system, accusing KEPHIS of delays and possible corruption that jeopardise farmers’ livelihoods. He proposed amending the Seed and Plant Variety Act, strengthening standards through KEB, and expanding extension services and insurance to support local producers and reduce reliance on imports. The debate combined criticism of existing institutions with constructive policy suggestions. Senators highlighted the chronic lack of electricity in northern counties such as Mandera, condemning Kenya Power’s monopoly and the failure of promised infrastructure while urging the President and Ministry of Energy to accelerate grid extension and zero‑rate solar panels. They referenced community protests, the need for accountability of county officials, and broader development promises like the Mandera‑Isiolo road. The debate combined criticism with constructive policy suggestions. Senators highlighted the devastating impact of the maize lethal necrosis disease on farmers in Bomet and Tana River, condemning inadequate support from county and national authorities. They urged the government to provide loans, waive existing debts, introduce crop insurance, and enforce institutional accountability. The chamber endorsed the Agriculture Committee report urging swift implementation of these recommendations.

The Senate session opened with quorum and the laying of numerous Auditor General reports on county financial statements, after which Senators questioned the Cabinet Secretary for Labour and Social Protection. The CS provided a summary of Kenya’s bilateral labour migration agreements, monitoring mechanisms, and recent reforms aimed at safeguarding migrant workers’ rights and ensuring fair recruitment practices. The debate was largely procedural and informational, emphasizing compliance with international labour standards. Senators raised serious concerns about the death of a Kenyan woman in Saudi Arabia, accusing the Cabinet Secretary of providing misleading information and demanding consular assistance and compensation for repatriation. The debate also covered broader issues of labour migration, including the role of recruitment agencies, the need for medical screening funding, and the government's financial strategies for supporting migrants abroad. The Senate examined USAID’s off‑budget assistance of roughly US$405 million for FY 2024/25, detailing allocations to education, governance, food security and other sectors and highlighting the role of implementing partners. Senators urged the Finance and Budget Committee’s involvement and agreed that three committees will report on interim measures to bridge gaps caused by the US aid freeze within 60 days.

Members debated the NADCO Report’s recommendations, focusing on how to implement the two‑thirds gender rule—favoring a top‑up via party lists—and critiquing proposals that could replicate the failed BBI. Hon. Caroli Omondi and others called for reforms to the Political Parties Act to prevent party‑driven removal of elected MPs and advocated a cross‑bench for independents, while procedural disputes over floor‑crossing were highlighted. The discussion combined constructive suggestions with sharp criticism of perceived illegalities and procedural breaches. Members raised concerns over the constitutional right to peaceful picketing and urged the House to act on citizen petitions. Several MPs requested statements on critical service delivery issues, including vacant chief positions in Nyaribari Masaba, delayed approval of junior secondary schools in Isiolo, and unmet teacher salary enhancements in Nyamira. The Deputy and Temporary Speakers managed procedural motions while acknowledging the pending matters. The sitting opened with Hon. Osoro welcoming university students and urging them to pursue their studies, followed by a brief point‑of‑order and expressions of sympathy for a colleague’s interment. The bulk of the debate focused on the delayed hardship‑allowance report, with Hon. Okello criticizing the government’s inaction and urging the House to compel its release and gazettement. The tone shifted from cordial encouragement to frustrated calls for accountability.

Senators highlighted the urgent need for comprehensive medical insurance and timely pension payments for teachers, while also drawing attention to the plight of widows and the prevalence of sexual harassment. They raised concerns about drug abuse among youth and the chronic failure of KEMSA to deliver medicines to hospitals, calling for investigations and concrete policy action. The debate combined supportive statements with strong criticism of existing gaps in social protection and health service delivery. Senators debated a motion to establish a dedicated professional board for the hospitality sector, arguing that current regulation by the Kenya Tourism Board lacks industry expertise. They highlighted the economic importance of hospitality, incidents of discrimination, and the need for self‑regulation, licensing, and training standards. The speakers expressed broad support and urged the Senate to advance the proposal. Senators used the afternoon sitting to table several statements highlighting systemic challenges, including the lack of transparency in education bursary allocations, delays in payments by the Social Health Insurance Fund, and reports of sexual harassment within the labour sector. Additional concerns were raised about rising security threats and procedural order in the chamber. The debate combined constructive calls for accountability with evident frustration over existing shortcomings.

Hon. Ali Raso urged the passage of a police welfare Bill, emphasizing accountability, better equipment, psychosocial support and improved remuneration for officers who face hazardous conditions and trauma. Hon. Fatuma Masito echoed these concerns, highlighting low pay, mental‑health challenges and the need for comprehensive support to maintain the dignity and effectiveness of Kenya’s police. Both speakers called on Parliament to adopt the legislation to professionalise and protect the police force. Members expressed condolences for the victims of the recent attack on Turkana fishermen and condemned the ongoing insecurity in northern Kenya. They urged the government to bolster security on Lake Turkana with more patrol boats, officers and National Police Reserve units, and called for support for affected families. The debate combined criticism of past inaction with constructive proposals for improved protection. Members praised the National Police Service Commission (Amendment) Bill for introducing psychosocial units to support police officers’ mental health and wellbeing, while highlighting persistent issues such as low salaries, inadequate housing and insufficient training for harsh environments. They urged the establishment of well‑equipped centres across counties and suggested extending similar support to other public sectors. The debate was largely supportive of the Bill’s potential to improve police welfare and reduce mental‑health‑related incidents.

Senators raised concerns about KEMSA's drug procurement and distribution, highlighting unpaid county bills, lack of inventory monitoring, and the need for a transparent audit of the health supply chain. The debate also touched on judiciary disciplinary matters, urging swift action to preserve public confidence in the courts. Senators debated shortcomings in Kenya's health procurement system, particularly KEMSA's credit‑based drug purchases and lack of tracking, and evaluated a proposed enterprise‑resource‑planning marketplace to improve drug delivery and accountability. They also raised urgent public‑health concerns about the emerging Kala‑azar disease and called for stronger control measures. The discussion combined criticism of existing structures with enthusiasm for innovative solutions. The Senate Committee highlighted severe shortages of health staff and equipment in Taita‑Taveta and Kilifi counties, alongside escalating human‑wildlife conflicts that threaten food security. It criticised the fragmented and delayed processes for designating hardship areas and paying related allowances, and recommended a unified statutory framework to standardise hardship classifications across public service. The debate also noted procedural lags in house‑allowance advisories for newly gazetted municipalities.

The Deputy Speaker instructed the Serjeant-at-Arms to ring the quorum bell twice to meet the required attendance, after which the House was formally adjourned at 9:50 a.m. until the afternoon sitting at 2:30 p.m. No substantive policy debate took place, only procedural actions were recorded.

Members unanimously supported the Gold Processing Bill, emphasizing the need for a structured, regulated approach to mining that would curb informal practices, protect miners' health, and prevent scams. They highlighted the bill's potential to create jobs, generate revenue, and stimulate broader mineral development such as limestone, iron ore, and coal. Calls were also made for comprehensive legislation covering other minerals to boost the national economy. Members debated the reconstitution of parliamentary committees and the role of the Liaison Committee in handling budget, BPS and supplementary appropriations after the previous Budget and Appropriations Committee lapsed. Concerns were raised about NG‑CDF percentage allocations and a reduction in KeRRA funds, prompting the Speaker to direct further action and assure adherence to constitutional timelines. The exchange combined procedural clarification with expressed dissatisfaction over fund management. Members highlighted the health hazards and environmental damage caused by unregulated artisanal gold mining and urged the establishment of a Gold Processing Corporation to bring order, protect miners and capture revenue. The debate was largely supportive of the Gold Processing Bill, while also raising concerns about licensing, cartels, compensation for affected workers, and the need for broader mineral legislation.

Senators voiced strong concerns about alleged corruption and mismanagement at the National Institute of Health Facilities and the performance of the State Health Agency, criticizing the Cabinet Secretary's inadequate responses. They called for detailed committee scrutiny, especially on rare disease treatment, private hospital debt disputes, and the handling of patient medication availability. The debate combined criticism with constructive proposals for oversight and better inter‑governmental coordination. The Health Cabinet Secretary outlined disbursements of Kshs1.3 billion for primary health care and Kshs5.1 billion to providers, and described steps to reconcile NHIF claims and integrate fragmented programmes. Senators questioned the mitigation measures for patients in the remote area of Bamba following the suspension of RUPHA and KAPH services, and raised procedural and language concerns. The debate combined constructive updates on funding with criticism and procedural tension. Senators pressed the Cabinet Secretary for Health on the mounting NHIF debt that is preventing civil servants from receiving treatment in private facilities, and on gaps in human resources and service delivery at lower‑level hospitals. The Cabinet Secretary framed Universal Health Coverage as a long‑term journey, outlining plans to settle the NHIF debt, improve health financing, and increase doctor availability through rotations and county collaboration. The exchange combined criticism of current shortcomings with assurances of ongoing reforms.

Members highlighted the persistently low insurance penetration in Kenya and the negative public perception of insurers, attributing these issues to inadequate regulation, poor claim handling and insufficient professional standards. They endorsed the Insurance Professionals Bill, arguing that establishing an Institute, a registration committee and an examinations board will raise training standards, improve accountability and ultimately increase consumer confidence. The speakers urged swift passage of the Bill to address these systemic challenges. Members highlighted widespread fraud and lack of consumer protection in Kenya's insurance sector, noting that many victims receive no compensation and have no clear avenue for redress. They advocated for the Insurance Practitioners Act, which would create a regulatory institute, define insurance practitioners, and align standards with international norms. The debate combined criticism of the current system with optimism about the proposed reforms. Members debated a Bill to establish a regulatory board for the insurance sector, aiming to set professional standards, enforce qualifications, and introduce continuous professional development. While the majority praised the move as overdue and beneficial for consumer protection and global integration, concerns were raised about the transition for existing practitioners and potential overlap with existing institutions. The discussion also touched on the need for similar standardisation in banking and procurement sectors.

The Senate debated the Mediation Committee report on the Conflict of Interest Bill, focusing on provisions such as conflict‑of‑interest disclosures, dual employment, and the suspension of officials under investigation. Members highlighted redundancy with existing laws and criticized recommendations that allow civil servants to engage in private business, linking it to systemic procurement corruption. The discussion was deferred pending quorum, reflecting both constructive procedural work and strong criticism of perceived policy flaws. Senator Oketch warned that ongoing corruption and the practice of civil servants doing business with the government threaten Kenya’s stability, citing historic reforms and the Ndegwa Commission findings. He criticised the misuse of tax revenues and the failure of accountability bodies, while urging the fast‑tracking of a Bill to curb conflicts of interest and restore public trust. The speech blends strong criticism with a constructive call for legislative reform. The Senate afternoon sitting focused on adopting several standing‑committee reports covering education hardship allowances, an LPG explosion inquiry, devolution security concerns and market conditions. Senators also debated the landmark High Court ruling decriminalising attempted suicide, urging further mental‑health reforms, and raised issues on road safety during a cycling championship and the impact of imported wheat on local farmers. Procedural motions dominated the session with brief interventions and acknowledgments.

Members debated the Culture Bill, with Hon. Omboko Milemba warning that current penalties for theft of cultural artefacts are too lenient and urging broader protection for archaeological sites and stronger enforcement. Hon. Adan Keynan highlighted the Bill’s potential to preserve endangered languages, safeguard sacred sites, boost cultural tourism, and strengthen national identity through the creation of a National Cultural Heritage Council. Both speakers called for amendments to ensure the legislation fully protects Kenya’s diverse heritage. The debate focused on the Culture Bill, with Hon. Millie Odhiambo‑Mabona emphasizing the need to link culture to tourism while strengthening provisions against harmful practices such as FGM and child marriage, and highlighting the historic role of women in Luo culture. Hon. Johana Kipyegon reinforced the importance of protecting cultural artefacts, restoring colonial‑looted heritage, and promoting a cultural day for parliamentarians, expressing overall support for the Bill. Members expressed alarm that sites like the Bomas of Kenya have become commercialised and that traditional practices are eroding, urging the revival of cultural institutions and a robust legislative framework. The debate highlighted concerns over cultural appropriation, the marginalisation of indigenous languages in the digital age, and called for amendments to the pending culture bill to broaden its scope beyond artefacts.

The Senate afternoon sitting opened with procedural formalities and a warm welcome to a delegation from the African Colloquium of Legal Counsel, followed by friendly remarks from Senators Sifuna and Kinyua about hospitality and medical education. The debate shifted to a contentious exchange when Senator Omtatah was asked to substantiate a claim that the Janjaweed had an office in Nairobi, prompting discussion on evidentiary standards and the use of digital URLs for verification. Senators Olekina and Seki raised urgent concerns about gender‑based violence in Kajiado, citing recent rapes and the release of a suspect on bail, and called for legal reforms and stronger security action. They also highlighted the protracted Maasai‑Kuria land and boundary dispute that fuels cattle raiding, urging clear demarcation, appropriate compensation, and revisions to land‑sale laws. The debate combined criticism of current responses with constructive proposals for parliamentary and governmental intervention. The afternoon sitting opened with a heated exchange between Senators Thang’wa, Sifuna and the Deputy Speaker over unsubstantiated partisan accusations, leading to a demand for evidence and an eventual apology. The focus then shifted to Senator Nyutu’s remarks on the mental health challenges, long hours and inadequate remuneration of medical interns, urging the Senate Health Committee to investigate and recommend reforms.

Members discussed the proposed Social Work Bill, highlighting its role in consolidating Kenya Vision 2030 goals, professionalising social work, and improving service delivery through regulation and training. The debate emphasized the need to curb unqualified practice, align the sector with other regulated professions, and draw lessons from similar legislation abroad. Overall, the tone was supportive and constructive despite routine procedural interjections. Members expressed overall support for the Social Work Professionals Bill, while raising concerns about examination requirements, fee affordability and recognition of experienced workers without formal qualifications. The debate then shifted to the introduction of the Gold Processing Bill, which seeks to establish a regulatory framework, a dedicated corporation and align Kenya’s gold processing with international standards. Both bills were framed as steps toward professionalisation and sectoral improvement. Members debated a Bill to recognise and protect social workers, with most expressing support and highlighting the need for a regulatory body and sustainable funding. Concerns were raised about the Bill’s definition of “social work” and its limited sectoral scope, prompting calls for amendments. The overall tone was constructive but noted areas for clarification.

Hon Adan Keynan criticised the poor implementation of the NG‑CDF and devolution mechanisms, arguing that billions of shillings remain idle and that jurisdictional conflicts between MPs and county governors hinder development. He called for a unified, legally‑sound amendment to redirect funds directly to constituency projects and urged greater accountability and concrete infrastructure outcomes for marginalized areas. Members debated the use of the Equalisation Fund, highlighting that allocated monies for projects in marginalized areas such as Mangai, Lamu and other remote regions have not been transparently accounted for, leading to frustration and accusations of mismanagement. While criticism of corruption and uneven development dominated the discussion, speakers also expressed hope that the proposed legislation will ensure fair distribution and improve infrastructure like roads, water, and electricity. Members debated the role of the Equalisation Fund in addressing long‑standing marginalisation after devolution, emphasizing the need for transparent allocation formulas and strong oversight to prevent corruption. While expressing support for the Bill and urging lean administration, they also highlighted gaps in health services, especially cancer care, and broader infrastructure deficits. The discussion called for cooperation between the National Assembly, Senate and CRA to ensure equitable development across all counties.

Senators debated the need to separate the country's official foreign‑policy stance from individual leaders' positions, while highlighting shortcomings in health, education and national cohesion. They invoked constitutional freedoms to defend criticism of the government and discussed the polarising impact of Raila Odinga’s political fortunes. Calls were made for a more inclusive, united discourse rather than divisive rhetoric. Sen. Cheruiyot praised Raila Odinga’s diplomatic performance and commended President William Ruto for supporting the opposition candidate, while warning against tribal politics and negative rhetoric that could spill into other national arenas. He also defended Kenya’s role in regional stability, refugee protection and urged adherence to Senate procedures when evaluating foreign policy matters. The speech combined commendation with criticism of certain parliamentary behaviours and external perceptions of Kenya. Senators debated Kenya's regional diplomatic conduct, noting how past border‑opening initiatives have strained relations with Uganda and Tanzania, and raised concerns over the ineffective implementation of the SHA universal health coverage card. The chamber also praised the recent Raila Odinga campaign and its potential for African integration, while urging national unity and reflection on domestic policy and human‑rights perception.