Sittings

Members debated the Natural Resources (Benefit Sharing) Bill, highlighting gaps in the existing Mining Act 2016 and the need for clear, community‑focused benefit‑sharing agreements. Concerns were raised about revenue management, potential corruption, and overlapping institutional mandates, while urging stronger oversight and coordination between counties and the national government. The discussion called for legislative clarity to ensure that mineral royalties and royalties benefit local communities rather than private interests. The debate focused on the approval of the FY 2024/25 Budget Policy Statement, with the Speaker commending the work of the Budget and Appropriations Committee and departmental committees. Members highlighted Kenya’s strong GDP growth, declining inflation, and the role of fiscal and monetary policies, while outlining allocations for agricultural inputs and other priority sectors. The discussion was largely constructive, emphasizing achievements and future policy directions. The House adopted the Eighth Report of the Special Funds Accounts and moved to adopt the Budget and Appropriations Committee report on the FY 2024/25 budget ceilings. Hon. Mishi Mboko tabled a motion urging the government to integrate mental health services into all health facilities, highlighting gaps in psychiatric care. A procedural issue was raised concerning the follow‑up on the Constitutional Amendment Bill on the Independent Electoral Boundaries Commission, which was directed to the order paper for later consideration.

The Senate adopted the 2024 Budget Policy Statement and renewed the mandate of the Ad Hoc Committee investigating compensation for the 1998 embassy bombing. Question Time collapsed after multiple Cabinet Secretaries cited scheduling conflicts, prompting Senator Kathuri to criticize the lack of timely communication and respect for the House. Procedural notices and motions continued amid a mix of constructive approvals and expressed frustration. Senators criticised the repeated absence of Cabinet Secretaries from committee and plenary sessions, demanding immediate appearances and invoking constitutional provisions. The debate also touched on the two‑thirds gender rule in the NADCO report and proposals to impose automatic fines on absent ministers under Rule 51(d). Senators debated the need for targeted infrastructure, education, and water projects in marginalized counties to curb insecurity and promote development, urging affirmative action in employment and public service recruitment. They also highlighted concerns over the allocation and use of devolved funds, community development agreements in mining, and called for stronger county oversight. The discussion combined constructive proposals with sharp criticism of current implementation gaps.

Members debated Kenya's high public debt, costly borrowing and interest rates, urging that loans be tied to specific development programmes and that fiscal deficits be reduced. They highlighted the need to renegotiate undrawn loan commitments, explore natural resource revenues, and sustain the recent decline in the deficit‑to‑GDP ratio. The discussion combined criticism of past borrowing practices with constructive proposals for debt management. The Committee heard testimonies from civil society groups and the Council of Governors on the Natural Resources (Benefit Sharing) Bill, highlighting concerns that the proposed 40% county share may not reach local communities and that environmental harms could outweigh short‑term gains. Hon. David Gikaria emphasized the need for a clear, constitutional framework for benefit‑sharing authorities and warned about foreign profit extraction and resource depletion. The debate balanced support for the bill’s intent with criticism of its implementation details and legal footing. The session began with the Speaker welcoming members of the East African Legislative Assembly and outlining the upcoming regional meeting. Members raised procedural matters, including a request to incorporate election‑law amendments and a petition from doctors concerning staffing and training, which the Speaker directed for prompt consideration. The House also tabled the Budget and Appropriations Committee report on the 2024/2025 Budget Policy Statement for upcoming debate.

The Senate discussed the need to professionalise the public service and addressed concerns about falsified academic credentials, before moving on to the County Boundaries Bill, a fourth attempt to give effect to Article 188 of the Constitution. Senators highlighted historical ambiguities in county delineations, ongoing inter‑county disputes, and the importance of a clear legislative framework to prevent conflict. The session deferred the bill’s question and called for bipartisan support in future deliberations. Senators debated the County Boundaries Bill, highlighting the need for experienced mediators and defending the principle of devolution for Nairobi while referencing existing urban governance legislation. They cited the Urban Areas and Cities Act and the NADCO report, urging bipartisan support to finally resolve long‑standing county boundary disputes. The discussion combined constructive endorsement of the Bill with critiques of proposed qualifications and procedural concerns. The Senate afternoon sitting focused on procedural matters, including the division on the Water (Amendment) Bill and the reporting of voting results. Senator Joe Nyutu highlighted the importance of integrity, transparency and meritocracy in the public service, urging the PSC to address politicisation of County Public Service Boards and the issue of ghost workers. He called for audits and professionalisation of county public service structures.

Senators debated the Public Service (Values and Principles) Amendment Bill, urging its passage to enforce merit‑based recruitment, ethnic and gender balance, and inclusion of persons with disabilities. They criticised pervasive tribalism, clan‑based appointments and family capture in county administrations, calling for audits and stricter adherence to Article 232 of the Constitution. The discussion combined strong condemnation of current practices with constructive support for the reform bill. Senators highlighted persistent problems with county pension fund management, noting the absence of a unifying law and past parliamentary inaction. They called for a multi‑sectoral forum and a Treasury‑appointed task force to harmonise pension balances, address interest charges and draft specific legislation. The debate combined criticism of previous parliaments with constructive proposals to protect pensioners and improve the pension system. Senators urged the Senate to act on committee recommendations and summon county governors to explain the failure to remit pension contributions, emphasizing the hardship faced by retirees and pending pension bills. They also praised the recent split of the County Public Accounts and Investments Committee and suggested further subdivision to enhance oversight. The debate highlighted broader concerns about county accountability and the impact on vulnerable citizens.

Members, led by Hon. Ojiambo Oundo, vehemently rejected the Employment (Amendment) Bill, describing it as vague, retrogressive and a waste of parliamentary time. They argued that fixed working‑hour provisions ignore the realities of teachers, essential services and the shift toward output‑based, flexible work, and called for legislation that focuses on job security, better pay and productivity. The debate emphasized the need to prioritize substantive labour reforms over what they deemed a trivial amendment. Members debated a proposed labour‑relations bill, tracing Kenya’s employment history and questioning which court would handle breaches of its provisions. The discussion highlighted procedural concerns, inconsistencies with existing employment and public service legislation, and the potential impact on overtime and civil servant rights. The speakers collectively opposed the bill, urging its rejection. Members highlighted serious technical problems with the KUCCPS online placement portal, including payment delays, bandwidth constraints and system crashes that forced students to apply at odd hours. They praised the Departmental Committee’s prompt response but called for immediate fixes, better testing, and transparency on capitation funds for students not registered on NEMIS. The debate underscored the need for stronger ICT infrastructure and clearer budgeting oversight in the education sector.

Senators debated the government's handling of fertilizer distribution and the need for a local fertilizer factory, while also pressing the Cabinet Secretary for clearer regulations on sugarcane transport, weighbridges and the alleged theft by cartels. The Deputy Speaker highlighted concerns over taxation narratives and the lack of transparent accounting for Ksh1.3 billion spent on sugarcane farmers. The discussion mixed criticism of current policies with optimism about upcoming fertilizer production projects. Senators questioned the Cabinet Secretary on the status, funding and timelines of several water infrastructure projects, including the Athi‑Tana, Kibuka and Thwake dams, as well as the Mzima Springs pipeline. The minister responded with updates on project evaluations, PPP arrangements and plans to re‑advertise for investors, while acknowledging delays and the need for more information. The session concluded with procedural motions to move on to the next set of questions. Senators highlighted the severe impact of drought on livestock and a looming glut in the Mombasa tea auction that threatens farmer incomes and foreign‑exchange earnings. The Cabinet Secretary detailed government responses, including artificial insemination programmes for ASALs, a new fertilizer distribution plan, and upcoming tea export agreements with China to stabilise the market. He also expressed appreciation for the senators' concerns and outlined steps to address the issues.

Hon. (Dr) John K Mutunga highlighted the vast employment and export potential of Kenya's cotton sector, urging the government to subsidise inputs, electricity and support contract farming to boost production. He praised recent policy moves but warned that outdated processing mills, weak value‑chain coordination and lack of market guarantees hinder growth. The speech calls for coordinated public‑private action to revitalize the industry. The session began with routine procedural matters before members raised a motion urging the government to grant priority boarding privileges to Kenya Defence and Special Forces personnel. Debate then shifted to the Public Service Commission (Amendment) Bill, with criticism of the prevalence of acting appointments that are seen to hinder effective service delivery, especially in health and other key sectors. A brief interjection also sought clarification from the Ethics and Anti‑Corruption Commission. Members debated the Public Service Commission (Amendment) Bill, highlighting the need to limit acting appointments to six months, set a clear retirement age of 60, and improve the pension system for retirees. They also stressed the importance of mentoring younger civil servants and creating opportunities for youth employment. Overall, the speakers expressed support for the amendment while critiquing current practices that hinder efficiency and youth participation.

The House debated the heavy workload of the Public Petitions Committee, with members urging referral of technical petitions to substantive committees, while the Speaker clarified the committee’s lack of authority to surrender petitions. The session also adopted the Public Accounts Committee’s report on the 2020/21 revenue figures, noting a slight decline in collections, and included procedural business, student visits, and a welcome to a delegation from Malawi. Members raised urgent concerns over the malfunctioning KUCCPS portal, which is preventing many students from applying for university and TVET placements before the extended deadline. The debate then shifted to the Women Enterprise Fund, with the Cabinet Secretary addressing questions about interest rates, loan recovery, credit limits and the fund’s future digital or manual operations. Both issues were discussed with a mix of criticism over current shortcomings and calls for prompt remedial action. Members debated the procurement and distribution of free sanitary towels to public schools, questioning the shift of responsibility from County MPs to the Ministry of Gender and seeking assurance of timely, non‑discriminatory supply. The Cabinet Secretary affirmed that funds have been appropriated and the programme will be implemented as pledged by the President, while members interjected humor and sought clarification on the correct ministerial authority. The exchange combined constructive assurances with criticism and light‑hearted remarks.

Senators debated the high cost of electricity in Kenya, urging the adoption of waste‑to‑energy projects, locally produced smart meters and greater accountability at Kenya Power to curb transmission losses. They also explored alternative energy options, including small modular nuclear reactors, while calling for swift implementation of committee recommendations. The discussion combined criticism of current policies with constructive proposals for sustainable power generation. Senators used the afternoon sitting to condemn harassment of journalists and call for stronger protection of media freedom, urging the Senate to enforce constitutional rights to information. They also criticised county governors for undermining devolution and highlighted procedural bottlenecks in bill processing, proposing a 14‑day rule for committee reviews. The debate combined constructive proposals with sharp criticism of county‑level governance failures. Senators debated the high cost of electricity in Kenya, blaming the KPC monopoly and urging the licensing of additional providers to improve access and affordability. They highlighted the sector’s debt burden and called for investigations, while also promoting renewable options such as hydro, wave, solar and wind to lower costs and environmental impact. The session included a welcome to a visiting school delegation, reflecting a constructive element amid the criticism.

Members debated several statutory amendments, supporting the removal of Utamaduni Day as a public holiday and urging the incorporation of technology into the Traffic Act to curb offences and corruption. They also backed reforms to the Sexual Offences Act for better record‑keeping, while expressing caution over VAT and ethanol‑related changes due to concerns about illicit brews. The discussion was framed by condolences for recent road fatalities and a call for improved road safety. The session featured a heated exchange over allegations that parliamentary committees were being intimidated to rubber‑stamp the budget, which were denied by Hon. George Murugara, who called for evidence and emphasized the Speaker's protection of committee independence. The House also proceeded with an amendment to the Public Accounts Committee report to correct revenue figures, and welcomed a Tanzanian parliamentary delegation. Hon. Esther Passaris highlighted audit failures of 23 state corporations, especially in the health sector, urging autonomy for hospitals like Mathari and a strict EACC probe into Ksh1.6 billion of unaccounted funds. Other members, such as Hon. Emmanuel Wangwe, supported the report and discussed splitting the Public Investments Committee into sectoral units, while procedural points were raised throughout the sitting.

Senators criticised the lack of exit clauses in power purchase agreements, high electricity tariffs, Kenya Power's mounting debt and excessive system losses, while urging court review and a performance audit of the energy sector. They also highlighted regulatory lapses by EPRA, transformer shortages, and questioned the reliance on Independent Power Producers, proposing greater focus on geothermal and even nuclear options. The debate combined strong criticism with constructive recommendations for reform. Senators criticised the high cost of electricity, calling for the termination of monopolistic licences, greater competition and a thorough audit of Kenya Power’s billing to recover alleged fraud. They urged swift release of pending regulations and praised the committee’s report while also welcoming university students and highlighting the link between cheaper power and industrialisation. Senators warned that Kenya is suffering prolonged blackouts because of inadequate transmission lines, over‑reliance on a single sub‑station and high transmission losses, while existing power purchase agreements favour producers and drive up costs. They proposed separating KETRACO and Kenya Power duties, expanding renewable and nuclear generation, tightening governance and procurement, and tackling illegal connections and wayleave fees to lower costs and improve reliability.

Senators called for earlier committee reports to improve legislative efficiency and welcomed a university student delegation, emphasizing unity and a drug‑free future. The debate then focused on a Bill to amend the Parliamentary Powers and Privileges Act, aiming to operationalise arrest powers and fair‑hearing rights while criticizing past police harassment of MPs. Members urged cooperation with the Clerk’s office for orderly summons and stressed the need for clear, dignified procedures. Senators debated an amendment bill to raise fines for officials who fail to appear before parliamentary committees and to eliminate anticipatory bail, arguing that current penalties are too low and enable impunity. They cited examples from other countries and urged stricter enforcement to restore the Senate's credibility and protect public resources. Senator Tabitha Mutinda reported several positive outcomes, including the removal of a Ksh5.8 billion medical equipment cost, allocation of industrial park funds, release of Ksh425 million library funding, and new climate‑change financing, while urging senators to oversee these resources. The Speaker facilitated the debate and later Sen. Cheruiyot highlighted a record‑setting passage of seven bills, reflecting a constructive legislative session.

Hon. John Mbadi urged Parliament to allocate more resources to the Office of the Auditor‑General to enable thorough forensic audits, and he presented a litany of alleged procurement irregularities and fraudulent expenditures across multiple state departments. He called for the Ethics and Anti‑Corruption Commission to investigate these cases, highlighting losses to the public treasury and the need for accountability. The debate focused on the Public Accounts Committee presenting the Auditor‑General's report for the 2020/21 financial year, highlighting serious lapses in property lease management by the NPSC and deficiencies in accounting and audit practices across ministries. Members praised the committee’s diligence while urging the Ethics and Anti‑Corruption Commission to investigate alleged loss of public funds and to hold negligent accountants personally liable. The discussion underscored the need for stronger parliamentary oversight of public finances. Members highlighted serious shortcomings in the 2020/2021 audit, including stalled projects, weak internal audits, and poor treasury cash releases that have hampered service delivery. They called for stronger internal controls, better liability management, and reforms to public procurement and contract payment processes, urging the President's retreats to address these issues. The debate also stressed the need to clarify the National Treasury's role in commercial terms and to explore innovative debt‑management solutions.

Sen. Crystal Asige urged the committee to add an addendum to the NADCO report to address the chronic under‑representation of persons with disabilities in public service and county assemblies, citing constitutional obligations and current low employment figures. Other senators, speaking in Swahili, praised the NADCO report and backed its recommendations on development funds and parliamentary oversight, while also noting political tensions and the need for broader inclusion. The debate combined constructive support for the report with criticism of existing exclusionary practices. Sen. Prof Kamar praised recent negotiations and the peace‑building approach of the President and former Prime Minister, while lauding the creation of new parliamentary offices aimed at inclusivity. He expressed disappointment that the gender report failed to produce concrete legislative proposals and urged immediate operationalisation of constitutional gender clauses. The senator also supported entrenching the Senate Oversight Fund but raised concerns about its scope and the representation of nominated members. Senator Oketch Gicheru praised President Ruto and former Prime Minister Raila Odinga for fostering dialogue that restored peace, while commending the work of special committees such as the Shakahola report. He highlighted pressing socio‑economic challenges, urging expansion of the Social Protection Fund to include youths, persons with disabilities and the elderly, and called for stronger devolution and electoral justice. The remarks balanced appreciation for political reconciliation with calls for concrete policy reforms to address cost of living and poverty.

Members discussed extending time for stakeholder input on borrowing amid concerns over public debt, and moved to adopt the mediated version of the County Governments Additional Allocations Bill. The debate highlighted the mediation process between the National Assembly and Senate, detailing conditional grants from development partners and specific projects such as KISIP and NARIGP. References were also made to the Road Maintenance Levy Fund as a critical pending issue. Members debated the implementation of the two‑thirds gender rule, urging constitutional protection for NG‑CDF/NG‑AAF funds and greater representation of women. They also examined electoral reforms, including IEBC restructuring, staggered elections, and the need for a well‑resourced Official Opposition Leader, while noting concerns about petition timelines and the cost‑of‑living impact. Overall the tone combined constructive proposals with criticism of existing gaps. The afternoon sitting dealt primarily with amendments to the affordable housing fund Bill, including a contentious proposal to base contributions on basic salary rather than gross salary and a motion to delete a clause perceived as discriminatory. Numerous amendments were repeatedly dropped because of procedural objections or member absences, resulting in a largely procedural but somewhat tense debate. The session concluded with a move to introduce a new debt‑recovery clause.

The Senate afternoon sitting was largely procedural, with members moving several bills—Equalization Fund Appropriation, County Licensing (Uniform Procedure), Agricultural and Livestock Extension Services, and Mung Beans—through third‑reading motions and reporting committee approvals with amendments. No substantive debate or contentious exchanges were recorded, focusing instead on formal approvals and divisions. The Senate session was largely procedural, with senators moving a series of motions for committee reports on bills such as the Equalization Fund Appropriation, County Licensing (Uniform Procedure), Persons with Disabilities, Mung Beans, and Start‑up Bills. Senator Crystal Asige also proposed a new clause to grant income‑tax exemption to parents or guardians of severely disabled persons, urging support for the amendment. All motions were put and agreed to without notable conflict. Senators repeatedly urged the Temporary Speaker to grant an extension for reviewing the Budget Policy Statements (BPS), citing insufficient time to engage ministries and clarify allocations, especially for affordable housing, health, and roads. They highlighted past instances where Senate input was ignored, and stressed the need for detailed scrutiny to ensure funds for UHC, kidney treatment, and other programmes are properly allocated. The overall tone blends constructive intent with frustration over procedural delays.

The sitting opened with procedural business before members moved to adopt reports on the employment of persons with disabilities and a diversity audit in public institutions. The main debate centered on an amendment bill to remunerate village elders, with several MPs praising their essential role and urging legal and budgetary support. Overall, the discussion was constructive but highlighted ongoing gaps in compensation and inclusion. Members debated a bill to formally recognise and remunerate village elders, proposing allowances of up to Ksh6,000 per month to aid community mobilisation against illicit alcohol and other social issues. Several MPs voiced strong support, citing the elders' vital role, while others highlighted procedural concerns such as gaps in parliamentary recordings and urged swift passage of the legislation. The discussion combined constructive advocacy with criticism of parliamentary processes. Members debated a Bill to codify the retirement age at 60, highlighting cases of unemployed senior teachers and the unfairness of prolonged acting appointments. They criticised the misuse of extensions and acting contracts that demoralise staff, while expressing broad support for the legislation to impose clear limits. The discussion also touched on pension timing and succession planning in public institutions.

Members debated the report’s recommendations, with Hon. Caroli Omondi challenging the claim that new counties require a referendum and urging constitutional accuracy, while also raising concerns about party discipline and civic education. Hon. Naomi Waqo highlighted the importance of reconstituting the IEBC, delimiting boundaries, and approving the Ward Development Fund to strengthen local governance. The discussion reflected both criticism of the report’s wording and consensus on the need for reforms. Members debated a finance Bill on tax collection, questioning how to levy taxes from informal traders such as chang’aa brewers and discussing a proposed amendment to remove a 10 % deposit requirement. The debate also focused on whether the Bill concerns county governments and featured strong rhetoric about job creation, leading to heated exchanges before the Speaker restored order for the vote. The debate focused on adopting the NADCO report, urging constitutional amendments to extend the constituency‑boundary review period and calling for a transparent audit of the 2022 General Election. Members expressed cautious support, highlighting the need for goodwill, IEBC reforms, stronger electoral justice, and the entrenchment of the Ward Development Fund, while also stressing the fight against corruption and clarifying future government structures.

The Senate afternoon sitting featured multiple senators seeking statements from standing committees on matters such as electricity connectivity in hospitals, adult education teacher welfare, industrial waste disposal, and a tragic flood‑related death, while voicing frustration over committees exceeding the 60‑day response deadline. The Speaker instructed committee chairs to provide status reports, and Sen. Cheruiyot moved a motion to adopt the National Dialogue Committee report, emphasizing the value of cross‑party dialogue and national cohesion. The debate blended procedural grievances with a constructive endorsement of collaborative dialogue. Sen. Sifuna outlined the Azimio Coalition’s four priority issues—cost of living, the 2022 election, IEBC reconstitution, and party fidelity—highlighting partial wins such as fuel levy cuts and an extended election‑petition timeline, while lamenting failures to secure broader tax reductions and other reforms. He expressed pride in the negotiation team’s achievements but frustration at the inability to persuade the majority on key proposals, reflecting a mixed tone of optimism and disappointment. Sen. Mungatana advocated for separating county and national elections and called for stronger legislation on governor impeachment and oversight, criticizing delays and lack of accountability. The Senate Minority Leader highlighted issues of party‑switching, proposed extending senators’ terms to seven years, and discussed judicial time‑frames for cases, emphasizing the need for legal reforms.

Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah urged Parliament to fast‑track the housing bill, arguing that large‑scale social and institutional housing will create millions of jobs, address slum conditions and fulfil the constitutional right to adequate housing. He highlighted the need for a housing levy and fund to finance the projects and praised cross‑party support while critiquing past delays and vested interests. The speech linked the housing agenda to broader economic recovery and urbanisation goals. Hon. Johana Kipyegon presented findings from nationwide public consultations on the Affordable Housing Bill, emphasizing the urgent demand for affordable homes across urban and rural areas. The debate focused on how levies should be collected and managed, the establishment of a governing board, and mechanisms to ensure equitable access, including deposit flexibility and targeted housing categories such as institutional, student, social, and county allocations. The debate centered on the Affordable Housing Bill 2023, with Hon. Paul Nzengu questioning the bill’s financial safeguards, eligibility criteria, and the qualifications of its implementing officials, while Hon. Ronald Karauri defended the legislation, citing extensive public participation and recent amendments that address affordability and allocation concerns. The discussion highlighted tensions between the need for rapid housing delivery and worries about fiscal transparency and administrative efficiency.

Sen. Omogeni vehemently opposed the Water Amendment Bill, arguing it would unconstitutionally transfer water service responsibilities from county governments to the national government and undermine devolution. He highlighted the importance of protecting county functions, cited water-related conflicts, and called for rigorous scrutiny and adherence to the 2010 Constitution. Sen. Cherarkey urged that water services remain under national control, warned against unchecked privatization of state corporations, and highlighted gaps in consumer protection for water and powdered milk. He called for affordable water tariffs, stronger regulation, and urged colleagues to support the water bill to ensure safe, accessible water for all Kenyans. The session also included procedural exchanges and a welcome to visiting university students. Senators outlined the set of questions to be tabled for the upcoming sitting, highlighted the receipt of key budgetary documents, and moved a motion to approve the Senate calendar for the third session of the 13th Parliament. The debate emphasized the need for full attendance and timely committee work, referencing past quorum problems and urging members to engage constructively.

Members debated trust and funding commitments for school fees while Hon. Esther Passaris sought adjournment to address the urgent rise in femicide cases. The House also considered several procedural motions to limit debate times on sessional papers, constitutional commission reports, and the budget report. Members, led by Hon. Opiyo Wandayi, criticised the slow disbursement of NG‑CDF and NGAAF funds, labeling the committee’s statements as misleading and demanding at least 60% of the outstanding Ksh35 billion be released before year‑end. Other members, such as Hon. Silvanus Osoro, pointed to recent improvements and projected full fund release by May, while also acknowledging the broader financial crisis and budget implementation challenges. The debate underscored frustration over Treasury delays and calls for greater accountability. Hon. Leah Sankaire urged the House to treat femicide as a national crisis, condemning the slow prosecution of perpetrators and the lack of effective reporting mechanisms. She called for a national register of gender‑based violence offenders, stronger international cooperation, and dedicated, sensitised reporting desks. The speech called on security agencies, the ODPP and the judiciary to act swiftly to protect women and children.

Members highlighted the chronic lack of remuneration for village elders, arguing that unpaid work fuels poverty and corruption. They urged the inclusion of a dedicated budget line for elders in the upcoming fiscal plan, citing examples from Kilifi North and the need for equitable support. The debate combined criticism of current policy with constructive proposals for financial allocation. The National Assembly debated a series of procedural motions to set specific time limits for speeches on audit committee reports, other committee reports, and the President’s address. Each motion was moved, seconded and approved without significant opposition, reflecting a routine, orderly conduct of business. The proceedings were largely procedural with no substantive policy disputes recorded. Members highlighted the vital role of village elders in community governance and called for formal recognition and financial support through a new Bill. They urged the government to allocate budget resources for elders' stipends and health insurance, emphasizing the need for equitable treatment of both male and female elders. The debate combined praise for elders' contributions with criticism of current funding gaps.

Senators debated a bill to strengthen the Senate's enforcement powers under Article 125, proposing the creation of a Parliamentary Police Service and granting arrest authority to authorised officers. While acknowledging current weaknesses in summoning witnesses, they cited international examples, especially the US Senate, to justify harsher penalties and contempt powers. The discussion was largely supportive of the amendment but highlighted concerns about constitutionality and implementation. Senators debated amendments to strengthen the Senate's ability to compel witnesses, including higher fines and the power to attach salaries of non‑compliant officials. They argued that current penalties are too low and that clearer, personal liability provisions are needed to enforce constitutional mandates such as Article 153. The discussion also covered procedural timelines for summons and the constitutionality of the proposed measures. The Senate session began with procedural checks before the Speaker committed a petition concerning a veteran’s unpaid dues to the Standing Committee on National Security, Defence and Foreign Relations. The House then approved the draft Senate calendar, adjourned to address the surge in killings of women and girls, and welcomed a group of secondary‑school students on an educational visit.

Senators criticised the proposed Water Act amendments, arguing they reverse devolution gains and weaken county control over water services. They highlighted mismanagement of projects such as Thwake Dam, inadequate public participation, and persistent water supply and quality problems, urging thorough revision of the bill. Sen. Sifuna warned that the proposed water bill would transfer bulk water supply to private operators, risking loss of county revenue, jobs and undermining existing water infrastructure. He argued that water services are a devolved constitutional function and criticised the bill as over‑reaching, stating he will oppose it in its entirety. Senators debated a proposed water services Bill, highlighting concerns that it is unconstitutional, centralises water provision, and could burden citizens with loan‑derived costs. Multiple members (Sifuna, Orwoba, Osotsi) voiced strong opposition and called for the Bill’s rejection, while the session also featured procedural interruptions and a brief commendation of young visitors.

The Speaker addressed procedural matters, welcomed a Zambian parliamentary delegation, and highlighted the lapse of unfinished business and Bills. Members expressed frustration over unanswered questions to cabinet secretaries and delays in NG‑CDF fund disbursement, questioning the executive’s commitment to honour parliamentary decisions. The debate combined courteous acknowledgments with criticism of procedural inefficiencies and executive reliability. Members of the National Assembly expressed condolences for the death of marathon star Kelvin Kiptum and called for a thorough investigation into the accident that claimed his life. Several MPs urged the government to improve athlete welfare, including security, insurance coverage, and post‑career guidance, while also noting procedural matters such as a motion to appoint additional members to the House Business Committee. The House observed a minute of silence to mourn the death of marathon world‑record holder Kelvin Kiptum, with members offering condolences and personal reflections. Hon. Gideon Kimaiyo and others called on the Ministry of Youth Affairs, Creative Economy and Sports to improve support and safety for young athletes. Earlier remarks highlighted procedural frustrations about getting the House to order.

Senators opened the session with New Year greetings and calls for a more effective legislative agenda, highlighting the need for reforms in law‑making and oversight mechanisms. Several members criticised the exclusion of the Jubilee party from committees, raised concerns about revenue allocation and committee report handling, and urged action on child protection and gender‑based violence. The debate combined hopeful remarks with sharp criticism of procedural and societal issues. The Speaker opened the afternoon sitting by reviewing the Senate’s recent devolution events, legislative output, and the backlog of pending bills, urging faster processing and active participation. The session then focused on appointing members to the Senate Business Committee for the Third Session, with motions moved and procedural steps followed. Senators expressed concern over laws being made outside Parliament and called for technical consultations to ensure constitutional compliance, while also urging proper oversight of county executives in Kisii and equal treatment of nominated senators. Condolences were offered for recent deaths, and the Speaker facilitated the proceedings.

Members repeatedly raised the tragic loss of lives due to floods and the absence of adequate bridges, urging both short‑term measures such as training local divers and long‑term infrastructure projects. They called for a dedicated disaster‑management programme and better coordination between national and county authorities, while also highlighting ongoing security incidents in Soy constituency. Members of Parliament raised concerns about numerous stalled road projects, notably the Jomvu‑Rabai corridor and roads in Kericho, Kakamega and other regions, blaming delayed funding, contractor disputes and political interference. They urged the government and relevant ministries to fast‑track construction, citing safety, economic and social impacts on communities. The debate reflected widespread frustration and a call for accountability. The National Assembly debated and moved to adopt the Committee on Delegated Legislation’s report on the Proceeds of Crime and Anti‑Money Laundering Regulations 2023, which establish a Criminal Assets Recovery Fund. Members discussed procedural matters, the independence of the Asset Recovery Agency versus the EACC, and voiced support for the regulations as a means to curb illicit wealth influencing politics and the economy. The motion was seconded and proceeded to adoption.

The debate centered on escalating security threats in Lamu, including banditry and terrorism, with the temporary speaker urging decisive government action. Hon. Beatrice Elachi linked these challenges to broader issues of money laundering and inadequate financial oversight, advocating for the implementation of the Prevention of Terrorism Act regulations and stronger KRA monitoring of illicit payment practices. Both speakers emphasized the urgency of comprehensive legislative and enforcement measures to protect citizens and curb extremist activities. The afternoon sitting saw members urging the Committee to meet the NSSF Board for clarification, a briefing on the tragic drowning of three casual workers at Makupa Roundabout, and a heated discussion on rampant coffee theft in Embu County, with calls for detailed case numbers and enhanced security for coffee factories. The Temporary Speaker managed procedural motions, tabled responses, and facilitated requests for further information. Members raised concerns over the disappearance of four fishermen off Malindi and criticised the inadequate search‑and‑rescue response, urging the Administration and Internal Affairs Committee to provide a statement. The debate also featured procedural disputes about committee chairpersons’ attendance and scheduling, alongside a request for a health statement on an invasive mosquito species detected in Marsabit County.

Senator Cherarkey highlighted a range of governance challenges in county administrations, including difficulties staffing internal audit committees, inadequate disclosure of contingent liabilities, soaring legal fees and unchecked wage bills, and stalled infrastructure projects that exceed budget caps. He also raised concerns about excessive revenue allocations to county assemblies, large pending bills and pension liabilities, and weak human‑resource governance, while urging reforms such as better remuneration, use of ADR, stricter financial controls, and legislative amendments to improve accountability. Sen. Osotsi presented a report highlighting challenges with county public investment and special funds, including non‑submission of financial reports and unchecked proliferation of funds, and announced a February stakeholder engagement on water matters. Senator Cheruiyot noted the procedural suspension of the afternoon sitting and moved to adjourn, while also reviewing the Senate's legislative output, petitions, motions, and questions, praising improved bipartisan cooperation and the Mashinani programme. Senators debated Kenya's foreign policy challenges, notably the status of Somaliland and the need for an embassy in Morocco, while questioning the conduct of Principal Secretary Dr. Abraham SingOei. The chamber also discussed the proposed shift to centralised procurement of school learning materials, highlighting practical concerns from teachers. The tone combined constructive policy scrutiny with pointed criticism of officials.

The Senate session could not achieve a quorum despite multiple attempts to ring the quorum bell. The Speaker declared the meeting adjourned until the next scheduled time at 2:30 p.m. on the same day.

Senators complained that nominated Senators lack operational funds, staff salaries are unpaid and the Parliamentary Service Commission has not provided clarity, demanding greater budget transparency. They also raised issues of reduced political party allocations, perceived executive excesses, and a humanitarian crisis in Marsabit marked by food shortages, transport challenges and security threats. Calls were made for accountability and possible legal action to address these grievances. Senators demanded the immediate release of Treasury funds for Senate liaison offices and staff salaries, accusing the Executive of withholding money while spending heavily on projects such as a 150‑million‑tree planting programme and overseas trips. They called for the Permanent Secretary of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Defence and Foreign Affairs to be summoned before the Committee for Defence and Foreign Affairs to answer questions about their operations. The debate was marked by strong criticism of executive spending and a push for greater parliamentary oversight. The afternoon sitting opened with a quorum check and procedural adjustments before moving to a motion to change the Senate’s meeting hours on 7 December to accommodate a trip to Rwanda for the East African Legislative Assembly games. Senators raised concerns about unpaid staff and unequal travel opportunities, prompting the Speaker to rule on the admissibility of a personal‑nature statement. The debate remained largely procedural but reflected underlying frustrations over administrative and logistical issues.

Members repeatedly urged immediate action to release NG‑CDF and NG‑AAF bursary funds so that children from poor families can return to school in January. The Deputy Speaker managed the proceedings while the Leader of the Majority Party affirmed consensus, citing engagements with the Treasury and Planning Department to expedite disbursement. The debate highlighted the urgency and collective agreement on prioritising education funding. Members observed the International Day of Persons with Disabilities, urging parliamentarians to champion disability rights and use parliamentary oversight to ensure implementation of the UN Convention. The debate then shifted to a point of order highlighting that NG‑CDF and NGAAF funds have not been disbursed, jeopardising school bursaries before a long recess, and calling for urgent clarification and action. The Deputy Speaker updated the House on the mediation process for the County Governments Additional Allocations Bill and presented two public petitions—one alleging unfair dismissals at Bohemian Flowers Limited and another concerning grading discrepancies for special‑needs teachers—referring both to the Public Petitions Committee. The session then proceeded with procedural business, including the laying of papers and reports from the Committee on Delegated Legislation and the Committee on Health.

Sen. Sifuna gave a nostalgic tribute to the late Lawrence Sifuna, sharing personal memories and humor. The Speaker then welcomed a delegation from Turkana County, where Sen. Lomenen highlighted the region’s oil potential, renewable energy prospects, and pressing security concerns, while procedural interruptions reminded members of order. The session blended respectful remembrance, optimistic development outlooks, and acknowledgment of ongoing insecurity in northern Kenya. Senators paid tribute to the late Hon. Lawrence Sifuna, reflecting on his legacy of speaking against the government and championing the under‑privileged. The speakers also used the occasion to critique current partisan behaviour and urge colleagues to act with integrity while they are alive. Applause punctuated the eulogies, underscoring a solemn yet politically charged atmosphere. Sen. Khalwale condemned ongoing land grabs and opposed the decision to halt the Kakamega Airstrip expansion, urging presidential support, while also mourning the death of former MP Lawrence Sifuna and highlighting his legacy. Fellow senators echoed the tribute, calling for a people‑first approach in legislation and recalling Kenya’s democratic struggles. The debate combined criticism of current governance decisions with respectful remembrance of past leaders.

The House reported that the Committee of the Whole considered and approved the National Lottery Bill with amendments, but the motion to agree on the report was deferred to the next sitting. Members praised the committee’s work and urged full attendance for further deliberation. A member then critiqued the draft National Tax Policy, pointing out issues of predictability, over‑taxation of key sectors, a low tax‑to‑GDP ratio and the need to broaden the tax base and improve refund mechanisms. Members expressed gratitude for recent legislative progress and discussed the upcoming recess, while focusing on several amendments to a Bill, notably removing the phrase “satisfactory performance” to avoid subjectivity and aligning remuneration provisions with the Constitution. Procedural motions were moved and agreed upon across multiple clauses. Members debated the Sessional Paper on the National Tax Policy, with some MPs warning that frequent tax changes deter investment and calling for a more equitable, broadened tax base, while others praised the paper as a step toward fairness and better public services. The discussion highlighted concerns over high taxation, the need for fiscal stability, and the importance of directing tax revenues to health, education, and infrastructure. Overall, the debate combined criticism of current practices with support for reform proposals.

Members raised alarm over the proposed sale of a prime government‑owned land parcel linked to the former Uchumi Supermarket, alleging undervaluation and possible collusion between banks and auctioneers. They criticised the perceived incompetence of Treasury and other officials, while urging swift action, joint‑venture solutions and adherence to the new Privatisation Act to protect public assets. Additional concerns were voiced about the management and potential divestiture of the KICC. Members debated oversight issues, with Hon. Omboko urging deeper investigation into financial matters and Hon. Rindikiri committing to provide a response on a housing committee request. A motion was moved to note the Eastern Africa Parliamentary Alliance on Food Security and Nutrition, receiving support from UDM members and the Food Security Caucus chair. The discussion highlighted the need for strategic funding for food production in line with regional commitments. The Deputy Speaker introduced two petitions: one urging the enactment of the Bankers Professional Bill 2023 to strengthen banking regulation after the Imperial Bank collapse, and another highlighting severe irregularities, double allocation, and evictions in the Chepchoina settlement schemes in Trans Nzoia. Members raised procedural concerns and called for the Public Petitions Committee to investigate, reflecting both constructive legislative intent and frustration over land grievances.

The House reported that the Committee of the Whole considered and approved the National Lottery Bill with amendments, but the final vote on the report was deferred to the next sitting. Members praised the legislative work while also raising concerns about the newly drafted National Tax Policy, highlighting issues of predictability, over‑taxation of certain sectors, and inadequate provisions for refunds. The debate reflected both constructive acknowledgment and critical scrutiny of fiscal reforms. The Speaker thanked members for completing several pieces of legislation and reminded them of the upcoming recess and possible extra sittings. The bulk of the debate focused on procedural amendments to a Bill, notably removing the phrase “satisfactory performance” to avoid subjectivity and aligning remuneration provisions with Article 230 of the Constitution. Members also discussed the role of corporate secretaries versus CEOs in institutional governance. Members debated the proposed National Tax Policy sessional paper, with opposition voices criticizing current taxation regimes and urging greater equity, while other MPs endorsed the paper as a means to broaden the tax base and improve fairness. The discussion highlighted concerns about investor confidence, tax evasion, and the need for revenue to fund health, education, and infrastructure. Overall, the tone reflected both criticism of the government’s approach and support for reforms.

Members raised concerns that a valuable government‑owned land parcel linked to the former Uchumi supermarket is being undervalued and potentially sold at a loss, accusing Treasury and other officials of incompetence and possible collusion with banks and auctioneers. The debate also touched on the newly passed Privatisation Act and the management of other state assets such as the KICC, urging swift action to protect public investments. Members discussed the need for deeper parliamentary oversight of finance and housing matters, urging committees to provide timely information. A motion was moved to acknowledge the Eastern Africa Parliamentary Alliance on Food Security and Nutrition, with broad support from the Food Security Caucus. The session was largely procedural, with members expressing both concern over accountability and optimism about regional food‑security initiatives. The Deputy Speaker announced the quorum and presented a petition urging the enactment of the Bankers Professional Bill to strengthen regulation after the Imperial Bank collapse. A separate petition highlighted severe irregularities, illegal double allocation, and evictions in the Chepchoina settlement schemes, calling for parliamentary intervention. Members made brief procedural comments before the petitions were referred to the Public Petitions Committee.

Senators discussed the adverse effects of indefinite curfew orders on northern county businesses and urged the Cabinet Secretary to set clear time limits. Procedural clarifications were given on statements regarding KCPE result errors, while concerns were raised about youth exploitation in nightclubs and the Senate affirmed its work on the Uasin Gishu and Football Kenya Federation matters. The session also saw support for the Tea Amendment Bill, highlighting its importance to tea‑producing regions. Senators questioned the effectiveness of curfews and urged the adoption of community policing and alternative security strategies. They also highlighted errors in KNEC exam grading, called for refunds of over‑collected taxes and a review of the Finance Act, and sought committee statements on illegal land dealings and the emerging ‘Aluta’ nightlife trend. Procedural interjections and points of order punctuated the debate. The afternoon sitting opened with an off‑topic, emotionally charged interjection by Sen. Nyamu about youth partying and its social impact, which was quickly curtailed by the Speaker amid laughter and loud consultations. The remainder of the session was procedural, with several senators invoking Standing Order 53(1) to seek statements from committees on waste management in Samburu, flood response in Mombasa, feeder‑road construction in the North Rift, a tourist attack in Kwale, and erroneous KCPE exam results.