Sittings

The House debated amendments to the National Youth Council (Amendment) Bill, with members urging the removal of a clause that would limit youth electoral participation and correcting a typographical error in Clause 4. The Committee reported the bill approved with amendments, but the final question was deferred. The session then moved to the Geriatric Bill, highlighting its purpose to operationalise Article 57 and establish a National Council for the Elderly. Members debated the proposed Geriatric Bill, expressing strong concern over the inadequacy of the current Ksh2,000 monthly stipend and the lack of effective care structures for Kenya’s elderly. While supporting the bill’s intent, they called for a more dignified title, clearer implementation mechanisms, and questioned the need for a separate National Council given existing directorates. The discussion also highlighted procedural issues such as malfunctioning voting cards and broader societal neglect of older citizens. Members expressed strong support for the Geriatric Bill, emphasizing the need for a dedicated council to coordinate health, shelter, and financial assistance for Kenya's elderly. They highlighted existing gaps such as inadequate pension payouts, rising costs for seniors, and shrinking family support structures, urging the government to ensure timely funding and implementation. The debate combined commendation of recent policy steps with calls for stronger mechanisms to protect older citizens.

The Senate resumed debate on the Equalization Fund Appropriation Bill, moving motions to report progress and seek further sitting time. Senator Mumma used the floor to highlight concerns over unregulated religious organisations, cults and the exploitation of the poor, urging stronger regulation and a balanced parliamentary inquiry. The discussion combined routine procedural business with a critical appeal for reform of religious sector oversight. Sen. Cherarkey criticised the government's failure to operationalise the National Coroners Service Act, highlighting backlogs of unclaimed bodies and inadequate forensic capacity, while urging increased resources for the DCI and better DNA matching. He also called for reforms to county security structures, inclusion of governors, and comprehensive reintegration and mental‑health support for survivors of the Shakahola incidents. The remarks combined criticism of current shortcomings with constructive proposals for policy and institutional improvements. Senators debated a proposal to regulate religious organisations as a means to curb extremism and terrorism, with some urging integration of religious leaders in self‑regulation mechanisms. Others, notably Sen. Cherarkey, strongly opposed state regulation, citing Article 8 of the Constitution and arguing that criminal law should address abuses instead. The discussion highlighted tensions between safeguarding security and preserving freedom of worship.

Sen. Oketch Gicheru criticised the absence of Cabinet Secretaries from Senate sessions, urging a censure letter and hefty fines to enforce accountability, while the Speaker highlighted procedural lapses in communication. Sen. (Dr.) Khalwale praised a committee’s report recommending the shutdown of the Good News International Ministry, asset freezes for its leaders, and condemned perceived obstruction by a senior minister. Both speakers combined sharp criticism with concrete remedial proposals. Senators debated the findings of the Shakahola ad‑hoc Committee, highlighting the escalation from an initial 95 to over 429 exhumed bodies and questioning the adequacy of the investigation. The discussion covered the need for a draft Religious Organisations Bill, the operationalisation of the National Forensic Laboratory, and strengthening the Witness Protection Agency, while criticizing the role of the Cabinet Secretary and security agencies in the probe. Senators debated the applicability of various Standing Orders as Sen. Orwoba sought to discuss the Shakahola investigation, with other members questioning the relevance of her points and citing procedural rules. The exchange grew heated, featuring accusations of irrelevance, interruptions, and remarks about age and gender that Sen. Orwoba described as demeaning. The Temporary Speaker intervened repeatedly to enforce order and clarify procedural requirements.

Members debated a Bill to regulate Kenya's gambling industry. While Hon. Duncan Mathenge supported the Bill, he criticised its lack of timelines, harm‑reduction measures and revenue‑ring‑fencing, proposing amendments such as linking gambling to KRA PINs. Hon. Abraham Kirwa took a stronger stance, arguing that any form of gambling is harmful and calling for an outright ban, citing social and economic damage. Members debated the Bill to control gambling, expressing support for regulation while highlighting its harmful effects on youth and the economy. They raised concerns about high security deposits, low tax rates, and called for tiered taxation, stronger mitigation measures, and greater revenue retention to curb capital flight. Several members proposed amendments to increase taxes and allocate more funds to government and social support services. Members debated amendments to the bill on public officers' asset declarations, focusing on whether cohabiting partners should be treated as spouses and how declarations should be submitted to responsible commissions rather than solely the EACC. Procedural motions led to several clauses being amended, some dropped, and clarifications added to streamline conflict‑of‑interest provisions.

The House agreed to the reports on the Statutory Instruments (Amendment) Bill and the National Government Constituencies Development Fund (Amendment) Bill, each subject to specific re‑committal clauses. Members debated procedural amendments, with Hon. Chepkonga emphasizing the urgency of releasing NG‑CDF funds for bursaries. The Speaker also addressed dress‑code rules, reaffirming the prohibition of Kaunda suits and other non‑compliant attire. The debate focused on the National Lottery Bill, with Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah emphasizing the need for clear board composition, especially linking the board to the Ministry of Interior to address security and money‑laundering risks. He warned against conflicts of interest and urged transparent, accountable arrangements while highlighting the bill’s potential to generate revenue and protect vulnerable groups such as children. Procedural exchanges with the Temporary Speaker and Hon. Caroli Omondi underscored the collaborative but cautious tone of the discussion. Members of the National Assembly debated the attendance and conduct of the Departmental Committee on Justice and Legal Affairs, with accusations that senior members were absent and that the venue choice for meetings constituted a conflict of interest. The Speaker intervened to maintain order, while others defended the procedural arrangements and announced that the committee report would be tabled the following day. An independent member also called for civil‑society representation from APNAC in the upcoming discussion of the report.

The Senate afternoon sitting was dominated by a series of motions to amend various clauses of a Bill, with senators proposing changes to clauses 5, 8, 9, 13, 19, 26, 31, 55, 62 and others. Procedural disputes arose over whether amendments needed to be moved by the proposing senator, which the Temporary Chairperson clarified, and multiple divisions were scheduled to vote on the proposed changes. Senators spent the afternoon session moving a series of amendments to the Agricultural and Livestock Extension Services Bill, inserting new paragraphs, adjusting wording, and proposing deletions across many clauses. They also sought a progress report from the Committee of the Whole and requested to reconvene the next day. The debate was largely procedural with no overt conflict or strong emotive language. The Senate afternoon sitting was dominated by procedural motions to amend various clauses of a Bill, including the insertion of new clauses such as the abolition of the National Fund for the Disabled and the addition of a definition for “building.” Multiple divisions were scheduled, and the Committee reported progress on the County Licensing Uniform Procedures Bill before the House moved on to consider the Agriculture and Livestock Extension Service Bill.

Members of the National Assembly called for Kenya to ratify the 1970 UNESCO Convention and the 1954 Hague Convention to safeguard cultural heritage and enable the restitution of artefacts held abroad. They highlighted the erosion of local cultures, listed numerous Kenyan items dispersed in foreign museums, and cited specific cases such as the vigango statues and the skull of freedom fighter Koitalel arap Samoei. The debate was largely supportive of ratification while expressing concern over past cultural losses. Members highlighted the growing appreciation of Swahili and the importance of cultural heritage, while debating the ownership and authenticity of Kamba carvings and the role of the Ministry of Sports, Culture and Heritage. The discussion featured both supportive remarks and sharp disagreements, reflecting a mixed tone. Members unanimously supported the amendment Bill on e‑health and telemedicine for cancer care, highlighting its potential to reduce treatment costs, improve access in remote areas, and alleviate family burdens. They noted infrastructure challenges, the need for swift implementation, and cited successful international models and mobile clinics as examples.

Hon. Ndindi Nyoro moved a motion to consider Senate amendments to the County Governments Additional Allocations Bill, explaining that the Senate’s changes would double‑allocate funds for library services and introduce conditional grants that bypass ministries, which the Budget and Appropriations Committee rejected. He praised governors, the Senate, and the President while urging mediation to resolve the funding discrepancies. Members discussed the Central Bank of Kenya overdraft limits and the Treasury’s persistent overdraft balances, highlighting cash‑flow challenges. The debate focused on public debt management, urging a shift to concessional financing, fiscal consolidation, and timely quarterly reporting under the PFM Act. While praising the Public Debt and Privatization Committee’s work, MPs expressed concern over high domestic interest rates and the growing budget deficit. The debate centred on the Public Debt and Profitability Committee report. Hon. Aden Mohammed urged the next report to address inter‑generational and geographical equity of loans and to scrutinise guarantees for semi‑autonomous agencies, while Hon. Amina Mnyazi warned of the mounting debt burden, lack of transparency and corruption, calling for audits, clearer repayment strategies and alternative revenue sources. Both speakers pressed for greater accountability and safeguards for future generations.

Sen. Cheruiyot welcomed Zetech University students, offering motivational remarks about hard work and entrepreneurship. The debate then shifted to the Food and Feed Safety Control Coordination Bill, with Sen. Veronica Maina highlighting past food‑poisoning incidents, the need for stringent safety standards, and civic education for farmers and consumers. Overall, the discussion was constructive but underscored serious health concerns. Senators Olekina and Mungatana highlighted serious public‑health concerns such as contaminated water and unsafe animal feed, urging stronger county involvement and clear traceability provisions in the Food Safety Bill. They called for harmonised standards across counties and for imports, citing examples from regional trade and personal experiences to illustrate gaps in current regulations. Both expressed support for the legislation while stressing the need for robust enforcement and capacity building. Senators discussed the draft Food and Feed Safety Bill, emphasizing the need for clear standards, effective licensing and coordination between county and national authorities. They called for broader public participation, inclusion of animal feed regulations, and a research component to inform standards. While expressing concerns about potential conflicts and implementation challenges, they overall supported the legislation.

Sen. Mumma criticised the proposed coffee board bill for failing to protect small‑scale farmers, lacking gender‑balance as required by Article 27, and encroaching on county functions, urging stronger constitutional compliance and public participation. Sen. Orwoba responded by outlining the Kenya Kwanza government’s intent to centralise coffee regulation and pricing through specialised agencies. The exchange highlighted tensions over devolution, governance structure, and stakeholder inclusion in the coffee sector legislation. Senator Wamatinga highlighted the historical decline of Kenya’s coffee sector due to structural adjustment policies and cartel exploitation, and presented a new Bill aimed at increasing transparency, guaranteeing advance payments, and linking farmers directly to international markets. He emphasized youth participation, devolution, and infrastructure investments such as dams and PPPs to boost agribusiness and green agriculture. Senators debated the Coffee Bill 2023, emphasizing the need to protect coffee farmers from exploitative intermediaries and to strengthen traceability and penalties for illegal trading. The discussion highlighted the establishment of the Coffee Research Institute and the removal of the Agriculture and Food Authority’s role in the value chain, while also calling for higher fines to deter misconduct. Overall, the debate was constructive but included criticism of past regulatory failures and ongoing challenges.

The Deputy Speaker announced the ringing of the quorum bell twice as required by Standing Order 34, noting the need for a minimum of 50 members. After the bell periods elapsed without sufficient attendance, the House was formally adjourned until the next sitting.

The National Assembly debated the National Government Coordination (Amendment) Bill, with Hon. Malulu Injendi urging legal recognition and modest remuneration for village elders who perform critical security, land and community functions. He estimated an annual cost of under Ksh1 billion for a Ksh3,000 monthly allowance for roughly 27,000 elders, while procedural motions to defer the question and to read the bill a second time were handled by the Temporary Speaker. The sitting opened with a procedural dispute over a microphone failure during the Speaker’s prayer, which was attributed to equipment malfunction. The House then considered two public petitions: one highlighting the lack of hardship allowances and inadequate conditions for teachers in Chonyi Sub‑County, and another raising delays in issuing title deeds to squatters in Koibem Village, Nandi County. The debate remained largely procedural but featured notable concerns about service delivery and infrastructure. Members debated the Wildlife Conservation and Management (Amendment) Bill, emphasizing the need for fair and timely compensation for people injured by wildlife, especially marine workers and low‑income coastal communities. They linked compensation to boosting tourism, the emerging oil sector and the blue economy, arguing that certainty of support will encourage investment and sustainable use of resources. While broadly supportive of the Bill, speakers highlighted delays and gaps in current compensation mechanisms.

Senators highlighted delays in key road projects—including the Suswa‑Ngong link, Mau Mau road and the Kangari‑Nguruweini‑Makomboki corridor—as well as passenger inconveniences at JKIA, urging the Cabinet Secretary for Roads and Transport to accelerate work. The Cabinet Secretary responded with details on contractor mobilisation, fiscal constraints and a roadmap for completing the pending kilometres of infrastructure, signalling both challenges and a commitment to progress. Senator Khalwale questioned the Cabinet Secretary on compensation for land acquisition and the progress of the Kakamega Airstrip upgrade, seeking timelines for resident payments and construction. The Cabinet Secretary provided technical details about runway extension and land needs, which the senator deemed a casual and evasive response, prompting further clarification. The Deputy Speaker managed the exchange, highlighting the need for specific answers. The Cabinet Secretary defended the use of low‑volume seal roads and announced a shift to higher standards, while Senators highlighted the severe El Nino damage to roads in Marsabit and the resulting humanitarian crisis. The Deputy Speaker outlined emergency response measures, temporary fixes, and coordination with agencies and development partners, noting budget constraints for post‑El Nino reconstruction. The exchange combined criticism of past policies with constructive plans for immediate relief and future infrastructure upgrades.

Members broadly welcomed the Supplementary Appropriations Bill, praising allocations to education, health, security and specific sectors such as tea, coffee and dairy. However, several MPs urged the Budget Committee to address the rising deficit, reduce the extra allocation to the Presidency, and increase funding for agriculture to curb Kenya’s net food imports. The debate combined supportive remarks with calls for fiscal prudence and sector‑specific enhancements. Members raised concerns over a massive budget amendment, urging that such large sums be scrutinised by the Budget and Appropriations Committee before passage. The debate also praised the committee’s clean‑up efforts while calling for timely release of NG‑CDF funds for schools and better allocation to sports, culture, heritage and coastal agriculture. Overall, the discussion blended commendation with criticism of oversight gaps and allocation shortfalls. Members praised the Budget and Appropriations Committee and the Supplementary Appropriation Bill, highlighting agriculture funding and thanking officials for their work. The debate became contentious when an opposition member claimed the Ksh24 billion oil stabilisation allocation was a hidden subsidy, accusing the government of misrepresentation. Despite the dispute, the House moved forward with the third reading of the bill.

The Senate session began with procedural matters before scheduling a discussion on the recent heavy rains and flooding. The main debate focused on a bill to curb cattle rustling and banditry, with senators highlighting the long‑standing impact on pastoralist communities and the failure of previous legislation. They urged swift legal action and better support for livestock‑dependent livelihoods. Senators debated a Bill aimed at curbing large‑scale livestock theft by introducing mandatory branding, clearer movement permits and stronger penalties for organized cartels, while distinguishing them from petty thieves. The discussion highlighted enforcement challenges, the socioeconomic impact on pastoralist and subsistence farming communities, and the need for amendments to address county‑specific branding and permit issues. Overall, the speakers expressed support for the legislation but voiced criticism of current enforcement and underlying unemployment‑driven crime. Senators debated a motion to declare cattle rustling a national disaster and examined the Prevention of Livestock and Produce Theft Bill, stressing the severe impact on pastoral families and the need for effective compensation and deterrence. Contributions focused on expanding the bill’s scope to cover livestock products, improving animal branding and registration, and assigning responsibility to county governments. Personal anecdotes highlighted the urgency while constructive suggestions aimed to strengthen the legislation.

Members debated an amendment that would shift money from the Equalisation Fund and education sector to other uses, with heated exchanges over alleged misinterpretation and accusations of marginalising rural constituencies. The discussion highlighted disparities between Nairobi and rural areas, the need for electricity and school funding, and culminated in procedural motions to approve the First Supplementary Estimates for FY 2023/2024. Members debated a Ksh25 billion increase in education funding, with some praising the allocation for students and TVET institutes while others questioned the reallocation process, procurement delays, and whether the money will actually reach schools. Concerns were raised about the shift from capital to recurrent expenditure and the adequacy of oversight to ensure capitation and HELB grants are delivered. The Temporary Speaker facilitated the exchange, noting procedural points and confirming the approval of the programmes. Members moved a procedural motion to extend the sitting so the Committee of Supply could finalize the Appropriations Bill, emphasizing the need to publish it promptly. The debate then focused on a proposed reduction of Ksh276.5 million for Parliamentary Affairs and a substantial increase for State House, with several MPs demanding justification and questioning the equity of the allocations. While procedural cooperation was evident, the budgetary changes sparked notable criticism.

Members debated the supplementary estimates, condemning the previous administration’s fuel‑subsidy liabilities while defending the current government’s allocations for education, agriculture and post‑harvest support. The speaker highlighted the new university funding model, increased resources for HELB, JSS, TVET and maize drying, and criticised a Ksh200 million allocation to primate research as misplaced. The overall tone combined praise for the budget’s responsiveness with sharp criticism of populist cost‑of‑living rhetoric and certain spending choices. Members debated a motion to deploy Kenyan police officers to Haiti, highlighting humanitarian obligations, existing legal provisions, and Kenya's track record in international peacekeeping missions. While most speakers expressed strong support, procedural remarks and calls for proper gazette notices introduced brief procedural tension. The House moved toward a decision on the motion after these exchanges. The session descended into personal and ethnic jibes, with the Leader of the Majority Party and opposition members accusing each other of lying and questioning identities, prompting several points of order. Amid the heated exchanges, members referenced Kenya’s lead role in the Multinational Security Support Mission to Haiti and cited constitutional Article 239 regarding national security organs. The debate combined contentious rhetoric with brief substantive discussion on security legislation and Kenya’s international commitments.

The Senate session addressed procedural points of order before approving the deployment of National Police officers to the Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti. Senators then debated a proposal to introduce service charges at Huduma Centres, raising concerns about equity and transparency, and concluded with a statement on the passing of spiritual leader Dr. Joe Kayo. Senators debated procedural matters surrounding the substantiation of allegations, notably a Russian fertilizer donation, and a motion tied to Article 240(8)(b) of the Constitution. The Speaker repeatedly invoked standing orders, ordering withdrawals and reprimands for alleged breaches, while Senators contested accusations of improper motive and sought to limit debate time. The exchange was marked by procedural enforcement and interpersonal tension. Sen. Cheruiyot praised committees for meeting petition deadlines and urged faster consideration of statements, motions and questions, while calling on senators to remain present to pass pending bills before the recess. The Speaker and other senators dealt with a procedural point of order concerning a sub‑judice court case, with Sen. Sifuna laying the relevant documents on the table.

The session began with Hon. Daniel Karitho praising the President’s address, highlighting export potential, education staffing, infrastructure projects and the Hustler Fund. Hon. Samuel Atandi then launched a harsh critique, accusing the President of dishonesty over fuel subsidies and the state of the economy, prompting a debate on unparliamentary language and procedural order. The Temporary Speaker intervened repeatedly to keep the discussion factual and orderly. Members praised recent gains such as the recruitment of teachers and lower fertilizer prices, but criticised gaps in the President’s speech, notably the omission of persons with disabilities, rising inflation, fuel costs and the country’s debt distress. They called for stronger regional integration, possibly an East African shilling, and better delivery of subsidies and fiscal discipline. The debate combined commendation of certain policies with pointed concerns over economic pressures and implementation failures. The afternoon sitting featured several members reacting to the President’s State of the Nation address. While some praised initiatives on health care, agriculture, youth employment and housing, others criticised the speech’s length, relevance and raised concerns about cost of living and trade balance. The temporary speaker enforced strict time limits, leading to interruptions and brief exchanges.

Members of the National Assembly used the afternoon sitting to commend President William Ruto’s State of the Nation address, emphasizing achievements in job creation, education, housing, agriculture, health and security. The speakers highlighted specific programmes such as teacher recruitment, subsidised fertiliser, affordable housing and the push for national unity, urging continued support for the government’s agenda. While acknowledging challenges, the overall tone was supportive and optimistic. The session focused on disputing the President’s claim of 56,750 teachers hired, with Hon. Baya demanding official TSC data and the Deputy Speaker urging Hon. Kibagendi to withdraw unsubstantiated figures. Hon. Kibagendi then raised broader concerns about job creation, inequitable resource distribution and national cohesion, while Hon. Nyamai highlighted the positive points in the President’s speech regarding youth cadres. Hon. Adan Keynan highlighted several national priorities, praising the funding of the judiciary, Kenya’s UNSC membership, affordable housing initiatives and digitisation of services, while expressing concern over the El Nino floods and the lack of effective assistance to northern Kenya. He urged the government to address the disaster urgently and called on the opposition to allow the elected administration to perform its mandate.

The Senate afternoon sitting opened with procedural formalities and a warm welcome to a delegation from the Busia County Assembly, noting the forthcoming County Assembly Fund amendment that will grant counties greater financial autonomy. The focus then shifted to a petition presented by Sen. Okiya Omtatah, which highlighted serious environmental, health and procedural concerns over a proposed nuclear reactor in Uyombo Village, criticizing the site selection process and the allocation of funds. While members expressed support for county‑level oversight, the discussion underscored tension between development ambitions and community rights. Senators debated the need to reform taxation by lowering rates, widening the base and closing loopholes, while also highlighting the government’s recent initiatives on teacher recruitment, universal health coverage and community health promoters. The discussion shifted to security challenges in the North Rift, with calls for stronger KDF presence to curb banditry. Procedural interruptions and points of order created tension, but overall the debate featured constructive policy proposals. Senators engaged in a heated exchange over a claim that the national treasury held only Kshs90 million when the President assumed office, with the Majority Leader urged to substantiate the figure. Personal points of order arose, notably between Senators Cheruiyot and Omogeni, leading to requests for apologies and withdrawals of statements. The Speaker repeatedly called for order and progress, while briefly acknowledging the President’s speech.

Senators highlighted acute human‑wildlife conflict in Kiboko, especially snake encounters, urging the Kenya Wildlife Service to run community awareness programmes and support antivenom production. The Cabinet Secretary announced the recruitment of about 1,500 new wildlife rangers and compensation payments for affected communities, while also addressing concerns over harassment of travellers at JKIA. The debate combined criticism of current challenges with constructive proposals for safety and staffing improvements. Sen. Cherarkey used the session to commend the President and the government for a range of economic and agricultural initiatives, while also highlighting ongoing challenges such as public debt, judiciary corruption, and uneven distribution of subsidies. He called for stronger anti‑corruption measures, better implementation of fertilizer and coffee programmes, and continued reforms in health, education and fisheries. The overall tone is supportive but acknowledges several areas needing improvement. Senators questioned the Cabinet Secretary on expanding Kenya's tourism beyond traditional wildlife and beaches and on the status of compensation payments to victims of tourism-related incidents. The CS outlined existing funding gaps, recent payments, and a broad plan to develop new tourism circuits, adventure offerings, and heritage sites across all counties. The exchange combined constructive proposals with acknowledgement of past delays and funding challenges.

Senator Tabitha Mutinda highlighted the government's digital transformation, expansion of e‑government services, reduced fertilizer prices, local manufacturing in housing projects and the progress of the Hustler Fund, urging the opposition to engage constructively. Senator Chute raised concerns about the handling of affordable‑housing contracts, alleged scams, the pending Eurobond settlement and the lack of attention to the ASAL region’s livestock losses and IDP resettlement, calling for greater oversight. Senators thanked members for attending the President’s address and urged a focused debate, while the Speaker intervened on procedural points of order. The discussion veered into economic commentary on dollar supply and electric boda‑boda initiatives, and included a strong condemnation of alleged violence against an ODM MP and a defence of freedom of speech. The exchange was marked by humor, confusion over remarks, and tension over political issues. The Senate session devolved into a heated exchange over the State of the Nation Address, with Senators accusing each other of disruptive language and questioning the factual basis of statements on taxation and university access. The Temporary Speaker intervened repeatedly to enforce parliamentary order, while Sen. Mumma highlighted concerns about business closures and education affordability, and Sen. Cherarkey challenged the accuracy of those claims. The debate reflected both substantive policy concerns and procedural tension.

Members responded to the President’s address by highlighting budget allocations for coffee stabilization and sugar debt relief, and commending initiatives on social protection, education, health, judiciary and food security. While acknowledging economic pressures such as rising debt and cost of living, the overall tone was supportive of the government’s reforms. Members praised President Ruto’s reported achievements in the Hustler Fund, fertilizer subsidies, education reforms and health initiatives, while also highlighting gaps such as the omission of livestock sector successes, the impact of El Nino floods, and the exclusion of Muslims from the Hustler Fund. Several MPs expressed concern over rising living costs, fuel prices and the hardships faced by boda‑boda riders, urging broader economic relief and inclusive policies. The debate featured Hon. Zamzam Mohammed criticizing the President over rising fuel prices, food scarcity and alleged shortcomings in digital infrastructure, urging greater transparency. Hon. John Kiarie challenged the Mombasa MP’s statements, questioning compliance with parliamentary rules. Hon. Ruku GK subsequently praised the President’s initiatives in the judiciary, police reforms, agriculture, education and health legislation.

President William Ruto outlined a series of reforms, noting rapid growth in teacher training enrolments, the introduction of a student‑centred scholarship and loan model and the chartering of the Open University of Kenya. He also highlighted major health initiatives—including new legislation, the deployment of 100,000 community health promoters and the recruitment of 20,000 health workers—while stressing the importance of national dialogue and the recruitment of security personnel from trained youth. The address was received with applause and gratitude toward Parliament for supporting these initiatives. President William Ruto used the afternoon sitting to showcase a series of government initiatives, emphasizing the farmer registration and fertilizer subsidy programme, expanded fish landing sites, dairy and coffee reforms, and the restructuring of sugar mills. He also highlighted progress on debt repayment, the affordable housing drive and the creation of jobs through Jua‑Kali clusters, noting strong support from county governors. The remarks were met with repeated applause, underscoring a broadly optimistic tone. The joint special sitting was convened to hear President William Ruto’s constitutional address under Article 132, where he reported on the government’s progress in implementing national values, governance reforms and sectoral development. He highlighted achievements such as judicial appointments, strengthening law‑enforcement and safeguarding citizen freedoms, emphasizing a continued transformation agenda for Kenya.

The Senate and National Assembly convened a special joint sitting in accordance with constitutional provisions for the President’s annual address. President William Ruto outlined the government’s constitutional duties, reported on economic challenges such as external shocks, fiscal distress and food insecurity, and reiterated his vision for a transformative, people‑centred Kenya. The debate was largely procedural and optimistic, while acknowledging significant difficulties. President William Ruto used the afternoon sitting to showcase a range of government initiatives, highlighting the growth of the Hustler Fund’s group lending, the chartering of the Open University of Kenya and extensive healthcare reforms that include new legislation and a massive deployment of community health promoters. He also reaffirmed a zero‑tolerance stance on corruption, emphasized a rights‑based security approach, and announced the doubling of enrolment in the National Youth Service to broaden youth inclusion. The remarks were met with repeated applause, reflecting a broadly optimistic tone. President William Ruto used the afternoon sitting to outline his administration’s drive for institutional reforms and bottom‑up economic transformation, citing police independence, judicial appointments and a range of agricultural initiatives. He highlighted achievements in fisheries, dairy, coffee and sugar sectors, debt relief measures and the mobilisation of development partners to curb the cost of living and spur growth.

The Cabinet Secretary reported significant progress in dismantling the Sondu violence, detailing upcoming charges, peace‑building initiatives and a policy to transfer police officers away from long‑term postings. MPs pressed for compensation for victims, measures to curb festive‑season crime and assistance for displaced families, while the minister assured heightened security and restorative‑justice programmes. The exchange highlighted both constructive commitments and ongoing concerns about victim support and security operations. The afternoon sitting focused on the Assisted Reproductive Technology Bill, with members highlighting its importance for providing a legal framework for assisted reproduction. Procedural exchanges between the Temporary Speaker and members, including clarifications on standing orders and speaking rights, featured throughout the debate. The discussion was largely constructive, though marked by occasional procedural confusion. The sitting began with quorum issues and procedural reminders before moving to statements from departmental committees, notably on education and sports. Members debated the response to a request concerning the 2027 Africa Cup of Nations bid, outlining Kenya’s involvement and stadium requirements. Throughout, there were interruptions and remarks about absent members, reflecting both constructive debate and procedural frustration.

Counsel Eric Muriuki cross‑examined witness Adrian Arayaru on the accuracy of video translations, cultural oath practices and the role of Njuri Ncheke elders, while the Speaker warned against repetitive questioning. The dialogue highlighted disagreements over whether the video content reflected Meru folklore, the presence of illegal activity, and the proper procedural conduct of the hearing. Senators interrogated witnesses about the authority of the Njuri Ncheke and serious allegations that the Meru County Governor and his relatives misappropriated county funds. The witnesses denied the claims, citing IFMIS records and affirming the validity of affidavits, while the Speaker managed the procedural flow of the hearing. The debate centered on accountability and the credibility of the accusations. The Senate cross‑examined MCA Hon. Nicholas Kinyua Josphat about the translation of language used in proceedings, whether his signature on a verification form was given voluntarily, and alleged coercion through phone calls and possible inducements such as a Maasai Mara trip. The counsel pressed the witness on inconsistencies, while the witness asserted the signing was involuntary and could not be withdrawn.

Senators debated the possible impeachment of the Meru County governor, questioning whether the alleged misconduct met the constitutional threshold and criticizing the political maneuvering surrounding the case. The debate also highlighted concerns over misogyny, gender‑based violence, and the proper application of public finance and audit laws, while some members praised the County Assembly’s handling of the matter. Tensions were evident, but there were calls for fairness and adherence to legal procedures. The Senate committee, led by counsel Boniface Mawira, interrogated Governor Kawira Mwangaza on who legally appoints chief officers under the County Governments Act, probing whether the Governor must consult the County Public Service Board (CPSB) for acting appointments. The Governor affirmed the CPSB’s recommendation role but was evasive about his own formal appointment authority and the specific redeployment document. The exchange underscored ambiguity in appointment procedures and the need for clearer adherence to statutory requirements. The Senate, led by counsel Mr. Boniface Mawira, cross‑examined Governor Kawira Mwangaza over alleged unauthorized appointments of 17 county chief officers and a purported trip to China that never occurred. The Governor denied delegating appointment authority and affirmed he did not travel, while the temporary speaker repeatedly demanded direct yes/no answers. The Board and CPSB disowned the appointments, highlighting a dispute over statutory procedures.

Members praised the newly vetted list of ambassadorial nominees for its gender balance and diverse professional backgrounds, while urging better pre‑departure training, cultural awareness and performance metrics. They also called for improved diaspora support, including accurate information for Kenyans abroad, a migrant welfare fund, greater inclusion of persons with disabilities, and an expanded diplomatic footprint in regions such as South America. Members praised the President’s nomination of 27 ambassadors and high commissioners, highlighting the inclusion of career diplomats and regional representation. They emphasized the potential for economic diplomacy, such as expanding tea, coffee and health‑sector trade, while cautioning against the misuse of anti‑corruption investigations in appointment decisions. Members praised President William Ruto’s role as Kenya’s chief diplomat and endorsed the appointment of 27 new ambassadors, emphasizing the need to attract investment and educational opportunities abroad. The debate also highlighted concerns about corruption and harassment at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport’s exit terminal, urging reforms to facilitate smoother visitor experiences. Overall, the discussion combined strong support for diplomatic initiatives with calls for improved administrative conduct.

Hon. Mutuse raised concerns about roadblocks and fragmented border checks that hinder trade along the Northern Corridor, urging harmonisation of police and KRA inspections and supporting the committee report on border reforms. Hon. Makilap backed the committee, stressing the need to secure porous borders, curb smuggling of firearms and goods, and establish one‑stop border shops to boost revenue and regional trade, while procedural remarks about dress code were also noted. Members Kiunjuri, Ruku and Mutunga backed a petition exposing the hardship of squatters displaced from forest lands and denied compensation, linking the issue to food security and gender vulnerability. They called on the Ministry of Lands, the National Land Commission and relevant committees to intervene, investigate the nature of squatting, and provide redress. The petition was referred to the Public Petitions Committee for a report within 60 days. Members broadly endorsed the sessional paper on the Kenya National Population Policy, highlighting the need for better planning, youth education, and employment to harness the country’s youthful demographic. Discussions also raised concerns about mental‑health services, rural‑urban resource shifts, and the visibility of persons with disabilities in future policy drafts. The tone was constructive but included critical suggestions for improvement.

The Speaker, Hon. Kingi, employed a Russian historical allegory to denounce the Meru Governor’s alleged misconduct and defiant attitude, presenting a motion citing 39 alleged constitutional violations and forged documents. He urged the Senate to impeach the governor, warning that acquittal would perpetuate crisis in Meru. The speech framed the governor as a meek façade masking a disregard for the law. Senator Mari Maranya outlined the Senate’s mandate to investigate alleged misconduct by the Meru County Governor and argued for impeachment, citing nepotistic appointments, misappropriation of county resources, and the mishandling of a cancer‑treatment project. He emphasized that the standard of proof for impeachment is lower than criminal cases and urged the Senate to act in the public interest over the Governor’s private interests. The Senate hearing focused on accusations that Meru County Governor Kawira Mwangaza misused and possibly forged work tickets, with the accuser highlighting repeated ticket numbers and irregular dates. The Governor’s counsel responded by stressing the constitutional two‑tier removal process, the Senate’s quasi‑judicial role, and Supreme Court definitions of gross misconduct. The exchange underscored procedural rigor and political tension surrounding the impeachment attempt.

The Senate afternoon sitting was marked by procedural clashes between Senators Keroche and Oketch Gicheru, after which Senator Khalwale raised concerns about the soaring county and national wage bills and alleged wasteful spending, including a controversial gold‑throne reference. The debate then shifted to Senator Abass’s strong advocacy for granting city status to Eldoret, highlighting its economic potential and infrastructure needs. The session combined criticism of fiscal management with constructive discussion on urban development. Senators debated a bill imposing harsh penalties on cattle rustlers, financiers and illegal livestock transporters, emphasizing the need to curb organized theft. They highlighted the devastating social and economic impact on pastoral families, especially children, and called for infrastructure, education and development to address the root causes of insecurity. The discussion combined strong condemnation of criminal activity with constructive proposals for long‑term solutions. Sen. Crystal Asige highlighted the persistent injustices of livestock theft and land grabbing, commending the new Bill for giving farmers and investors a voice and urging swift legal mechanisms such as 72‑hour release of seized animals. She advocated for modern branding, RFID/chip tracking and better permit and tax arrangements for nomadic herders, especially during droughts, while warning against any misuse that could encourage animal cruelty.

Senator Cherarkey introduced the Prevention of Livestock and Produce Theft Bill, highlighting the severe impact of cattle rustling on Kenya's economy and rural livelihoods. He advocated for measures such as mandatory branding, a national livestock database, and coordinated security efforts, while stressing the need for broader development in the affected northern regions. The speech combined criticism of current insecurity with constructive proposals for legislative and infrastructural reforms. The Senate session opened with procedural formalities and the Speaker introduced the County Assemblies Legislation Tracker to enhance transparency and oversight. Senators welcomed a delegation of Starehe Boys Centre students and highlighted the importance of the Open Government Partnership, noting challenges in counties like Kisii and Meru. The House then proceeded to lay multiple Auditor‑General reports on the financial statements of several county hospitals for the 2022 fiscal year. Senators raised concerns over government bailouts of inefficient parastatals, urging accountability for corruption before any debt waivers. The discussion shifted to Telkom Kenya, with senators warning against foreign control of the ICT backbone and calling for a thorough committee inquiry into telecom contracts and data storage practices.

The Senate questioned the Cabinet Secretary for Health on the accessibility of health services for persons with disabilities, prompting a detailed briefing on the Universal Health Coverage rollout and disability‑inclusive initiatives. The Minister highlighted progress such as increased ramps, wheelchairs and training, while also acknowledging gaps, notably the low proportion of disability‑friendly maternity beds. The discussion underscored ongoing assessments, county‑level interventions, and plans for an assistive‑technology centre of excellence. Senator Cherarkey condemned the use of administration police by micro‑finance lenders to repossess movable assets, urging the cabinet to curb such practices and to renegotiate non‑performing loan laws. He simultaneously defended the Hustler Fund and the boda‑boda sector as vital to livelihoods and economic growth, urging citizens to utilise the fund. The debate highlighted tensions between borrower protection and credit access. Senators debated the hardships faced by youth motorcycle operators due to aggressive lending practices and called for legal amendments to enable loan renegotiation. They also criticised the current taxation regime and questioned the government’s delivery on promises related to the Credit Reference Bureau and the Hustler Fund, while a procedural clash arose over alleged misinformation. The discussion combined constructive policy proposals with sharp political criticism.

Senators debated whether to handle the Meru County governor impeachment through a special committee or in plenary, with most members supporting the committee as a fairer, more focused forum. Opponents argued for plenary proceedings and called for a review of standing orders to streamline future cases. The exchange highlighted concerns over constitutional compliance, procedural fairness, and legislative efficiency. The afternoon Senate sitting descended into personal attacks, notably between Sen. Munyi Mundigi and Sen. Faki, prompting the Speaker to restore order. The core debate focused on the appropriate procedure—committee versus plenary—to handle the second impeachment of the Meru County governor, with Senators voicing procedural concerns and the risk of litigation. Interjections and remarks about other members further heightened the tension. Senators debated whether investigations should be conducted in plenary or through committees, arguing the merits of each method for examining witnesses and ensuring procedural fairness. Points of order were raised about the ability of visually impaired judges to assess testimony and about the clarity of the motion, while the Speaker maintained order amid occasional laughter. The discussion highlighted procedural preferences, institutional memory, and the Senate’s quasi‑judicial role.

The Deputy Speaker introduced a Bill to amend the NG‑CDF Act 2015, aiming to resolve constitutional challenges raised in a pending petition by restricting funding to projects within the exclusive functions of the national government and improving oversight mechanisms. The amendments propose changes to board appointment procedures, allocation formulas, and the composition and terms of constituency and NG‑CDF committees. The debate emphasized aligning the Act with the Constitution and public finance principles while streamlining governance structures. The Deputy Speaker moved the NG‑CDF Amendment Bill, proposing to repeal the Constituency Oversight Committee, align the fund with the Constitution, and integrate it into national government service delivery units. Hon. Robert Mbui seconded the motion, highlighting the fund’s historical successes, the need to prevent court challenges, and the inclusion of new priorities such as climate‑change mitigation, education bursaries and digital hubs. The debate was largely constructive, emphasizing reform and continuity of the NG‑CDF’s development role. Members debated amendments to the NG‑CDF Act to permit recurrent spending for ICT hubs and a climate‑change fund, ensure a minimum allocation to each constituency, and introduce competitive recruitment for the board. They highlighted the potential of ICT hubs to create jobs and address climate challenges, while also addressing procedural matters such as reducing debate time.

Members debated teacher recruitment and security in the North Eastern region and measures to protect KCSE exam integrity, including a proposed Ksh3.8 billion budget for examiners. The House also considered an amendment to a 2015 bill, with broad support but a brief dispute over remarks concerning the Teachers Service Commission’s independence. The afternoon sitting was marked by procedural disputes, including challenges over the proper laying of papers and points of order, before Hon. Omar Mwinyi raised serious concerns about the deplorable conditions, illegal evictions and alleged misconduct in National Housing Corporation estates in Changamwe. The Temporary Speaker referred the matter to the Departmental Committee on Housing, Urban Planning and Public Works, with a commitment to provide a comprehensive response within 21 days after the recess. Members voiced strong concerns about the current examination management system, accusing the Cabinet Secretary of inadequate responses and highlighting risks of cheating due to flawed paper distribution. They also raised regional challenges, such as teacher shortages in North Eastern Kenya and logistical hurdles in collecting exam containers, urging urgent clarification and action from the education authorities.

Hon. Suzanne Kiamba and Hon. Ann Wamuratha highlighted the forced demolitions in Mavoko, expressing empathy for affected families and demanding compensation while condemning perceived government negligence and rogue officials. They referenced a precedent in Tana River where land was allocated to locals, urging similar action for Mavoko residents and calling for investigations into the role of county and national agencies. The debate combined criticism with calls for constructive resolution. Hon. Mark Mwenje and Hon. Esther Passaris highlighted the plight of residents affected by forced demolitions and faulty title deeds in Mavoko and Nairobi, blaming government agencies and the land registry for the injustices. They called for regularisation of land, compensation for displaced families, and a multisectoral, grassroots‑focused approach, urging implementation of the Ndung’u Report and better judicial handling of land disputes. Members discussed the Assisted Reproductive Technology Bill, highlighting its potential to address infertility through regulated surrogacy and embryo use. While several speakers praised the Bill as progressive and supportive of families, they also raised ethical questions about embryo disposal, definition of conception, and protection of surrogate mothers. The debate emphasized the need for careful regulation to balance benefits with moral considerations.

Members debated amendments to the Kenya Drugs Authority Bill, proposing to rename it the Kenya Health Products and Technologies Regulatory Authority and to update terminology to align with WHO standards. A key point of contention was whether the Bill adequately defines “scheduled substances,” with some members urging clarification. The Speaker directed that all approved amendments be considered in the Committee of the Whole House. Members debated an amendment to Clause 5 of the Kenya Drugs Authority Bill that would allow the Authority’s board to determine the location of its headquarters by resolution, rather than fixing it in Nairobi. Most speakers argued for retaining Nairobi as the permanent headquarters and limiting the amendment to the establishment of branches elsewhere, citing cost and administrative stability, while a few supported the flexibility as a devolution measure. The Temporary Chair clarified that the amendment does not alter the headquarters provision, only the placement of additional branches. Members debated technical amendments to Clause 7, focusing on wording about conviction status and salaried employment to clarify MP disqualification criteria. The discussion turned procedural as several members raised concerns about late‑submitted amendments and sought guidance from the Temporary Chairlady on how to handle them efficiently. While some members supported the committee’s proposals, others warned against procedural chaos and unnecessary criticism of the House’s processes.