Sittings

The sitting began with procedural motions to adopt reports from the Select Committee on National Cohesion and the Departmental Committee on Defence, followed by Hon. Musa Sirma presenting a detailed update on the NG‑CDF allocations, project proposal submissions and fund disbursements for FY 2025/26. He urged the eight constituencies that had not submitted proposals to do so promptly to avoid implementation delays. The Speaker’s interjections highlighted concerns about brevity and relevance of the statements. Members debated the status of NG‑CDF fund disbursements, highlighting delays in the November and December tranches and pending project approvals due to missing constituency information. The Committee chair reported ongoing engagement with the Treasury, including a promise of additional funds and assurances that concerns raised have been addressed, while some members pressed for clearer timelines and procedural clarifications. The afternoon sitting was largely procedural, with members laying a series of committee reports and papers covering labour, national cohesion, regional development, decentralised funds, agriculture, defence and parliamentary broadcasting. The Speaker also welcomed new members, offered well‑wishes for ill members, and guided the House through a procedural motion.

Members debated Kenya's sovereignty and the conduct of foreign forces, citing historic incidents such as the 1980 murder of Monica Njeri by a US naval officer and ongoing misconduct by the British Army. While condemning impunity and urging compensation and legal accountability, the House also addressed procedural matters, including unparliamentary language and welcomed graduating students from Tana River. The tone combined strong criticism of external actors with constructive calls for legal reform and national pride. Hon. Martha Wangari highlighted serious allegations against the British Army Training Unit in Kenya, including murder, sexual offences, environmental damage and lack of accountability under the Defence Cooperation Agreement. She called for amendments to the DCA, thorough investigations by the DCI, compensation for victims and stronger oversight mechanisms. The debate also featured procedural interjections and brief remarks from other members, underscoring the urgency of addressing these grievances. The evening sitting saw the Temporary Speaker adjourn a pending motion and move to procedural business, while several members used Standing Order 44 to request statements on pressing issues. Hon. Samuel Gachobe raised concerns over the death of Eric Tanui Koros in police custody, Hon. Cynthia Muge highlighted a spate of armed attacks on coffee cooperatives in Nandi, and Hon. Abdi Ali Abdi sought an update on water connectivity in Ijara. The debate reflected serious public‑interest concerns coupled with routine parliamentary scheduling.

The debate highlighted strong criticism of the recent privatisation of sugar factories, accusing the process of being reckless, non‑transparent and detrimental to farmers and local communities. It then shifted to a more constructive tone, praising the mediated Coffee Bill, emphasizing the need for research, development and price protection for coffee growers, and commending the President’s commitment to increase R&D funding. Overall, senators called for greater accountability and better policy frameworks for Kenya’s agricultural sector. Senators highlighted the persistent neglect of ECDE teachers’ remuneration and welfare, urging the creation of a dedicated implementation committee to ensure parliamentary resolutions are acted upon. They also condemned the ongoing hunger and livestock deaths in northern Kenya, blaming regional governors for inaction and calling for a national disaster declaration. The debate combined criticism of government inaction with proposals for structural monitoring mechanisms. The Senate debated the Coffee Bill (Senate Bills No.10 of 2023), emphasizing its potential to boost farmers’ incomes, improve quality standards, attract investment and generate revenue for Kenya. The Deputy Speaker moved the bill, Sen. Wafula seconded it, and members praised the work of the Agriculture Committee while noting impressive coffee export figures. The Committee recommended the bill’s passage with proposed amendments.

The sitting featured a brief but tense exchange between the Speaker and Hon. James K’Oyoo over the leasing of a factory and the custody of title deeds, highlighting concerns about land devolution and potential misuse. The House then moved to adopt the mediated Coffee Bill, with Hon. Duncan Mathenge emphasizing its importance for reviving Kenya’s coffee sector, establishing a Coffee Board, a research institute, and a digital coffee exchange. The debate combined procedural friction with constructive policy discussion aimed at supporting smallholder farmers. Members debated the Coffee Bill 2023, focusing on restructuring the coffee sector by moving regulatory and commercial functions from the Agricultural Food Authority to a revived Coffee Board of Kenya. The discussion highlighted new licensing tiers, a centralized settlement system for coffee proceeds, expanded input subsidies, and the creation of a Coffee Research and Training Institute led by a PhD holder, while noting past challenges and the need for broader unbundling of other crops. Members questioned the Cabinet Secretary on the legality and transparency of the lease of state‑owned sugar farms, highlighting conflicting judgments from the Court of Appeal and the Environmental and Land Court. They also raised concerns about the welfare of workers, community representation, and the operational readiness of the newly reconstituted Kenya Sugar Board, while noting possible monopolistic practices and cross‑border land issues. The debate combined constructive inquiries with criticism of perceived legal subversion and inadequate stakeholder protection.

Senators debated a preliminary objection to the impeachment of Nyamira Governor, focusing on disputed facts such as the exact number of MCAs and the legitimacy of proxy voting. Counsel argued that the objection fails legal tests and should be dismissed so the matter can proceed to a full trial, citing standing orders and constitutional provisions. The discussion highlighted procedural tensions between the Governor’s and Assembly’s positions. The Senate held a special sitting to begin impeachment proceedings against Nyamira County Governor Amos Kimwomi Nyaribo, including a closed‑door preparatory session and the formal reading of charges. The Governor entered pleas of not guilty on both grounds, and the chamber prepared to hear opening statements from the County Assembly’s counsel and the Governor’s legal team. Counsel for the Governor, Mr. Elias Mutuma, raised a preliminary objection to the impeachment motion against the Nyamira Governor, arguing that the County Assembly failed to meet the constitutional two‑thirds voting threshold required under Article 181 and Section 33 of the County Governments Act. He highlighted discrepancies in the recorded votes versus the number of members present and called for the motion to be terminated or sent back for compliance.

The Senate considered a motion to uphold a preliminary objection to the impeachment of Nyamira Governor Amos Kimwomi Nyaribo, concluding that the required two‑thirds majority (24 votes) was not met. Senators praised recent procedural refinements while criticizing earlier rulings that allowed impeachments to proceed without Senate pre‑approval. The debate highlighted the need for clearer impeachment guidelines and stronger coordination between the Senate and county assemblies. Senators debated the lack of a clear impeachment procedure law, criticizing past delays and procedural lapses that leave county assemblies uncertain about thresholds and voting rules. The discussion highlighted specific issues such as quorum requirements, the illegality of proxy voting in county assemblies, and the need for proper procedural compliance before matters can be heard in the Senate. Senators debated a preliminary objection motion concerning the possible impeachment of the Nyamira Governor, with some urging the County Assembly to meet the constitutional threshold before any action and others warning against premature dismissal of the case. The discussion highlighted concerns over due‑process, past impeachments perceived as rushed, and the Senate’s role in safeguarding devolution. The debate was marked by disagreement and calls for a fair, thorough hearing.

Members debated amendments to Clause 12 and Clause 13 of the Internship Bill, focusing on pro‑rata leave days and the permissible internship duration. While some, like Hon. Mwengi Mutuse, supported extending welfare provisions, others, such as Hon. Julius Sunkuli, Hon. Gichimu, and Hon. Irene Mayaka, opposed tightening the duration to a six‑to‑twelve‑month range, arguing it would exclude shorter internships. The discussion highlighted differing views on balancing intern rights with practical training periods. The session focused on detailed amendments to Clause 7 and Clause 8 of a Bill, with members debating grammatical corrections and the inclusion of internship provisions. While some members raised concerns about wording that could affect interpretation, the Temporary Chairlady facilitated consensus and recommended referring certain changes back to the Departmental Committee. The debate remained procedural and largely cooperative. Members debated amendments to a Bill concerning internship programmes, focusing on whether counties should enact their own legislation or a uniform national standard should be imposed. The discussion highlighted procedural issues, with some members withdrawing amendments and others proposing wording changes to clauses 8 and 9. The tone was largely procedural and collegial, though disagreements over jurisdiction created some tension.

The debate focused on the lack of mobile network coverage in Lulis Location, Mandera County, with members questioning the Ministry’s explanation that the area is commercially viable and therefore excluded from Universal Service Fund (USF) support. Hon. John Kiarie pledged a committee site‑visit and urged the USF to intervene, while Hon. Umul Kheir Kassim and Hon. Umulkher Harun criticised the delays and perceived lack of accountability. The discussion highlighted tensions between the Communications Authority, mobile operators, and the government over service provision in underserved, insecure regions. Members welcomed newly sworn‑in MPs and congratulated election winners while condemning recent tribal and divisive remarks by senior leaders, urging respect for all communities. The debate highlighted voters’ demand for issue‑based politics and better service delivery, and included a warm reception for a Lesotho delegation discussing constitutional reforms and parliamentary practices. Hon. Otiende also promoted participation in the upcoming East Africa Legislative Assembly inter‑parliamentary games. Members debated the role of the Universal Service Fund and the Communications Authority in extending ICT services to underserved regions, with Hon. John Kiarie outlining progress and persistent challenges. Hon. Umulkher Harun expressed dissatisfaction with the delayed and overly general response from the Ministry, prompting the Speaker to urge a supplementary question. The exchange highlighted procedural frustrations while acknowledging the importance of multi‑stakeholder collaboration for digital inclusion.

Senators raised concerns about the precarious conditions of PSC and PSC interns, urging conversion to permanent, pensionable positions and condemning prolonged contract employment. Praise was given to the Committee on National Cohesion for its inclusive report, but criticism followed regarding the omission of key institutions such as KRA, police and military, and allegations of recruitment scams and lack of fairness. The debate called for further investigations and directives to improve youth employment and institutional diversity. The Senate session focused on procedural motions, including the scheduling of impeachment proceedings for the Nyamira County governor and the deferral of several committee reports due to missing papers. Senators introduced notices of motion on labour disputes, noted the Kenya delegation’s participation in the Pan‑African Parliament, and raised a request for a statement on the safety and labeling of cooking oils in Kenya. Tensions surfaced briefly over procedural delays and a member’s threatened walk‑out, but the debate remained largely procedural and issue‑focused. Sen. Osotsi criticised the failure of independent commissions and the government to implement the 10‑point agenda on inclusivity, citing under‑representation of the Luhya community and inadequate oversight mechanisms. He accused the UDA and other leaders of dishonesty, while praising Chair Sen. Chute for his impartial conduct. The debate highlighted concerns over budget‑less committees and the need for genuine implementation of constitutional mandates.

Senators highlighted the crisis of over 400 bodies stored in Kilifi County mortuaries, urging immediate government action for disposal and release of mortuary capacity. They also criticised inadequate follow‑up on health facility inspections, poor utilisation of SHA and FIF funds, low motivation of health workers, and lapses in drug storage, calling for stronger national oversight. Senators clashed over whether members had read a committee report, with several points of order raised and accusations of improper motives. The Deputy Speaker warned against personal attacks, prompting the chair to withdraw and apologise for his statement. Procedural motions were subsequently deferred, highlighting tensions around parliamentary conduct and report scrutiny. Sen. Oketch Gicheru defended the Standing Committee on Transport, Roads and Housing’s report on a petition involving alleged crop damage during a road project, urging members to read the full report before criticizing it. The Deputy Speaker intervened to reprimand Sen. Okiya Omtatah for breaching standing orders and highlighted the need for respectful debate. The discussion also underscored the jurisdictional limits of the Senate and the complexities of the compensation dispute between the petitioner and the contractor.

Members praised the President’s development agenda and Kenya’s economic resilience while criticizing opponents for politicised statements. The House moved to adopt the Committee’s report to modernise the Public Finance Management (Government Press Fund) Regulations. The debate also highlighted ongoing infrastructure projects and urged continued cooperation to achieve the nation’s transformation goals. The afternoon sitting focused on laying papers and adopting reports on the 2024/2025 budget implementation and the utilisation of Social Health Authority funds. A substantive debate ensued over an amendment concerning pharmaceutical non‑tariff measures linked to the Kenya‑UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, with members voicing concerns about potential impacts on the local pharmaceutical sector. The House ultimately resolved to adopt the relevant committee reports and the CEPA ratification. Members debated the Public Finance Management (Government Press Fund) Regulations 2025, urging amendments to remove clauses that improperly delegate regulatory power and conflict with the Constitution and the Statutory Instruments Act. While some praised the President’s broader transformation agenda, others highlighted past abuses of delegated authority and called for stronger safeguards, public participation, and an autonomous legal framework for the Government Press. The discussion concluded with a call for annulment of specific problematic provisions.

Senator Cherarkey condemned the state of county health services, citing severe staffing shortages, dilapidated infrastructure, and inadequate waste and mortuary facilities across multiple counties. He highlighted misallocation and under‑utilisation of substantial health budgets, urging governors to address corruption and improve service delivery under devolution. Senators highlighted serious shortcomings in county health facilities, citing ambulance shortages, expired drugs, mortuary and mental‑health service gaps, while also condemning irregular NHIF payments that favour private providers over public hospitals. The Deputy Speaker praised the active health committee and its field studies, but members repeatedly criticised mismanagement of the Facility Improvement Fee and called for greater transparency and equitable compensation. The debate combined commendation of oversight efforts with sharp criticism of corruption and service delivery failures. Senators debated a petition by Mr. Francis Otieno seeking compensation for sugarcane crops destroyed after a road diversion by the Department of Public Works. The speakers criticised the Senate Committee for referring the matter to private dispute mechanisms instead of issuing a substantive opinion, while urging the petitioner to pursue his claim and calling for a review of the Committee's approach. The discussion highlighted concerns about the impact of infrastructure projects on farmers and the need for clearer Senate intervention guidelines.

Members raised urgent concerns over the non‑payment of salaries to chiefs and assistant chiefs in several constituencies, urging the Departmental Committee on Administration and Internal Security to intervene. Additional grievances focused on stalled Transitional Infrastructure Grant projects and opaque allocation procedures in the education sector, with committees pledging responses within two weeks. The session was largely procedural but highlighted significant accountability issues. Hon. Esther Passaris used the 16 Days of Activism platform to highlight a surge of gender‑based violence cases, citing the Pastor Ng’ang’a video, teenage harassment on TikTok and several unresolved rape investigations, notably Abigail’s case. She criticised the police and forensic services for being under‑resourced, lacking compassion and failing to deliver justice, and urged the government to take decisive, concrete action. The Temporary Speaker sought clarification but offered no substantive response, underscoring the tension between the MP’s demands and the parliamentary reply. Members raised serious concerns over the assault of a Kenyan worker by a foreign supervisor at a factory in Eldoret, demanding a response from the Labour Committee. The debate also focused on the stalled resettlement and compensation of Internally Displaced Persons in Marsabit County, with MPs criticizing the lack of concrete timelines. Procedural exchanges continued regarding requests for statements on IDPs and insecurity in North Horr.

Sen. Wakili Sigei praised President Ruto’s annual address, highlighting the drop in inflation and urging senators to support the vision for Kenya’s development. Sen. Okiya Omtatah countered with a harsh critique, pointing out the absence of concrete implementation plans, rising public debt, questionable privatisation moves and alleged corruption. The debate centered on whether the President’s ambitious projects are backed by realistic policies and fiscal responsibility. Sen. Kavindu Muthama used the debate to catalogue a series of systemic failures, from under‑funded early childhood education and rampant insecurity to the misallocation of affordable housing and land corruption. He also raised the plight of Kenyan workers abroad and the long‑unaddressed compensation for victims of the 1998 bomb blast, urging the President and relevant ministries to intervene. The overall tone is sharply critical, demanding accountability and corrective action. Sen. Munyi Mundigi used the debate to commend the Ruto‑Kindiki administration for progress in agriculture, health, infrastructure, education and housing, highlighting lower fertilizer costs, expanded road works, teacher recruitment and new water reservoirs. He dismissed opposition criticism of the budget, urged continued implementation of projects and called for job creation for youth. The speech called for sustained support to the government for the remaining two years of its term.

The sitting focused on procedural business, including the adoption of the Public Finance Management (Government Press Fund) Regulations 2025 and related committee reports. Hon. Cynthia Muge then delivered a supportive commentary on the President’s State of the Nation Address, highlighting infrastructure promises, ICT and agricultural initiatives, and contextualising Kenya’s recent economic growth figures. The overall tone was constructive, with members expressing appreciation for the President’s plans while noting the need for objective analysis of growth data. Hon. Wanjala urged greater use of the Kenya Defence Forces and National Youth Service for construction projects and job creation, blaming businesspeople and corruption for the country's lag. Hon. Passaris countered, stressing the importance of the private sector and foreign investment, while other members debated the state of road infrastructure in Wajir and the distribution of referral hospitals. The exchange featured procedural interjections and factual corrections, reflecting both constructive proposals and partisan tension. Members of the National Assembly largely praised President Ruto’s State of the Nation address, highlighting the strong economic growth, plans for subsidised fertilizer distribution, increased health funding and community health promoters, and major infrastructure projects such as the Rironi‑Mau Summit Road. They also expressed support for the creation of a sovereign wealth fund, the infrastructure fund, and the privatisation of Kenya Pipeline Corporation, urging collective action to implement these initiatives.

Members praised the President's focus on devolution and recent infrastructure projects such as road upgrades and the Lake Victoria Ring Road, while also urging stronger action on corruption, youth unemployment, power costs and education reform. The debate highlighted the need for strategic economic decisions, including nuclear energy and debt management, to boost Kenya's competitiveness. Members praised the President’s State of the Nation address, highlighting reduced fertilizer‑linked food prices, the affordable‑housing programme and progress on road projects, while also raising concerns about unfinished roads in Laikipa, high transport costs, and alleged daily borrowing figures. The debate featured a clash over parliamentary language, with the Temporary Speaker urging correction of a “lie” accusation. Overall, the session combined commendation of government initiatives with calls for further infrastructure development and procedural propriety. Members debated the President’s State of the Nation Address, with some praising the factual basis of his statements and progress on affordable housing and the Big Four agenda, while others highlighted gaps, misinformation and the need for tangible results, especially in ASAL counties. The exchange also featured procedural remarks and calls for clearer accountability on past budgets and development promises.

Sen. Cherarkey praised the rise in foreign direct investment and the government’s agricultural subsidy programmes while urging better fertilizer distribution and addressing inconsistencies in maize bag sizes. He highlighted challenges in the tea and sugar sectors, delayed payments by Kenya Cooperative Creameries, and commended the rollout of the Social Health Authority. The speech combined commendation of government initiatives with criticism of opposition narratives and implementation gaps. Senators highlighted the progress of the Sustainable Health Access (SHA) scheme and urged full implementation of universal health coverage, while also raising concerns over the low salaries and contract status of junior secondary school intern teachers. The debate praised the government’s ambitious teacher recruitment drive, affordable‑housing initiatives and extensive road‑dualling projects, noting their potential to boost commerce and connectivity, yet members called for quicker completion of specific link roads and traffic‑management measures. Overall, the session combined commendation of the President’s vision with calls for addressing lingering service gaps. Senator Sifuna presented a petition on behalf of the Single Mothers Association, which was committed to the Standing Committee on Lands, Environment and Natural Resources for investigation. The Senate also considered several Auditor‑General reports on county finances and a motion urging urgent rehabilitation of the Kizingitini and Ndau landing sites in Lamu County. Throughout, members expressed commitment to address the issues within the stipulated timelines.

President William Ruto outlined Kenya's economic turnaround over the past three years, citing lower inflation, a stable shilling, higher GDP, record foreign reserves, an upgraded sovereign credit rating and a surge in foreign direct investment and NSE performance. He framed these gains as a foundation for a broader national vision to move Kenya from a developing to a developed economy, while acknowledging past hardships and critics of the government's policies. President William Ruto used the afternoon sitting to showcase government achievements and future plans across agriculture, health, entrepreneurship, education and water infrastructure. He highlighted the digital farmer registry, community health promoters, the Hustler Fund bridge facility, increased education spending and a new research fund, and announced an ambitious dam‑building programme to boost irrigation and food security. The remarks were met with applause, reflecting a constructive and forward‑looking tone. The National Assembly convened a special sitting in accordance with constitutional and standing order requirements, recognizing former speakers and other dignitaries. President William Ruto delivered a State of the Nation address, highlighting progress in agriculture, affordable housing, universal health coverage, industrial growth, the Hustler Fund and climate initiatives, while urging the nation to accelerate its transition to a developed economy. The tone was largely optimistic, emphasizing achievements and future aspirations.

President William Ruto addressed a special joint sitting of the Senate and National Assembly, celebrating progress in agriculture, housing, health, digitalisation and climate initiatives while urging Kenya to accelerate its transition from a developing to a developed nation. He invoked examples of the Asian Tigers and announced a bold national project aimed at inclusive growth and prosperity. The speech combined commendation of past achievements with a forward‑looking vision for transformative development. President William Ruto outlined Kenya's turnaround from the 2022 economic crisis, citing restored fiscal discipline, boosted agricultural and livestock production, and expanded exports. He detailed health sector reforms, including universal coverage through the Social Health Authority and a massive rollout of community health promoters. The speech emphasized continued transformation and collective effort across government and citizens. President William Ruto outlined extensive achievements in housing, student accommodation, market construction and job creation, alongside a rapid digital transformation that expanded fibre networks, public Wi‑Fi and e‑government services. He urged Kenya to raise its ambition, citing Asian Tigers, and announced increased education spending, a new State Department for Science, Research and Innovation, and plans to expand the National Research Fund to boost STEM and entrepreneurship.

Senators debated the standards of management and funding for referral hospitals, urging stronger administration, oversight and increased resources while warning against diverting county funds to national health functions. The discussion highlighted challenges of devolution, the pursuit of universal health care, and the need for clear cost estimates and collaborative governance between national and county levels. Senator Mumma urged the Senate to strengthen intergovernmental collaboration on health services, arguing that duplicating specialised facilities in every county would be unsustainable given the limited number of specialists. She advocated for regional referral hubs, preventive health investment, and a coordinated approach between national and county governments to achieve universal health coverage. The discussion also highlighted the potential role of regional economic blocs in equitable resource sharing. The Senate debate devolved into procedural clashes as Senators Wakili Sigei, Olekina and Wambua disputed each other's right to speak and accused one another of being out of order. The core disagreement centred on a report concerning a road‑transportation issue, specifically a petition to divert an illegal road based on the Survey of Kenya map, which Olekina argued was mishandled by the Committee. Senators expressed frustration that petitioners were being dismissed and called for deeper investigation and adherence to the rule of law.

Members raised concerns over the government's failure to implement recently enacted policies, citing KRA's delay in applying gratuity tax exemptions, chronic electricity shortages in Kotulo Sub‑County, stalled upgrades to the Keroka‑Ibacho‑Kiamokama road, and acute water scarcity in Jomvu. Each member requested a formal statement from the relevant departmental committee to address these service delivery gaps and the resulting hardship for constituents. Members debated the need for the Health Committee to conduct site visits to county hospitals and satellite facilities to verify Ministry of Health reports, while also reviewing the Ministry of Roads and Transport's progress on road safety installations on the Denja‑Chemuswa‑Chepterit‑Moi University‑Lessos corridor. Hon. Bernard Kitur expressed strong dissatisfaction with the lack of road markings and signage, urging faster completion and assurance of maintenance. The Temporary Speaker sought clarification on timelines and urged accountability from the respective ministries. The debate centered on Hon. Wanjiku Muhia’s complaints about stalled road works in Kipipiri, with the Transport Committee’s Vice‑Chairman explaining contractor changes and funding constraints. A point‑of‑order clash between the Temporary Speaker and other members highlighted procedural tensions, while members disputed whether delays stemmed from financial shortfalls, contractor incompetence, or political interference, calling for the President’s intervention.

The debate began with Hon. Samwel Chepkonga endorsing a judiciary reform bill, highlighting judges' difficult working conditions, the need for mentorship through the Judicial Training Institute, and concerns over judges' retirement protections. The discussion then shifted to Hon. Caroli Omondi’s critique of political interference in Chapter 10 commissions, warning that recommendations from the NADCO process threaten their independence and constitutional mandate. Both speakers called for stronger safeguards to uphold the integrity of Kenya’s legal and accountability institutions. The House debated the National Green Fiscal Incentives Policy Framework, outlining proposals for renewable energy, clean cooking, electric transport, waste‑to‑energy and the creation of a Kenya Green Investment Bank to mobilise climate finance. While members praised the policy’s alignment with Kenya’s climate commitments, they voiced concerns over accountability, potential misuse of fiscal incentives and the need to ensure benefits reach poorer households. Calls were made for stronger oversight, transparent auditing and capacity building within key ministries. The House Business Committee outlined the agenda ahead of the President’s State of the Nation Address, while the Speaker stressed the constitutional duty of Cabinet Secretaries to appear before Parliament and warned of sanctions for non‑attendance. Members criticised the Agriculture Cabinet Secretary’s failure to attend and called for stricter enforcement of accountability. Opposition MPs echoed concerns about a growing reluctance among senior officials to answer parliamentary questions, urging the House to uphold its oversight role.

Senators questioned the Ministry on research funding, asset sales, outstanding debts and the suitability of certain counties for pyrethrum cultivation. The Cabinet Secretary admitted insufficient R&D budget, a Kshs3.5 billion debt, pending asset valuations and proposed private‑sector licensing and climate‑based planting policies as solutions. Senators raised concerns about the status of an open ground in Buruburu Phase 5, alleging possible encroachment and demanding a ground report from the Ministry of Lands. They also highlighted broader land‑related grievances, including compulsory acquisition in Dagoretti without compensation and violent disputes over squatters’ rights in Nandi, seeking clarification and action from the Cabinet Secretary. The Cabinet Secretary responded that no other transactions are recorded and promised to dispatch a ground report, while procedural tensions between county authorities and the Ministry were evident. The debate focused on a contested land parcel where the Court of Appeal affirmed ownership in favour of Rajab Ahmed Karume, prompting the Ministry of Lands to cite court orders and outline its ongoing digitisation and titling programme. Senators questioned the Ministry’s legal defence and the apparent override of earlier registrations, while the Cabinet Secretary highlighted recent funding for land‑record automation and cooperation with anti‑corruption bodies. The exchange combined defensive explanations with calls for clarity and accountability.

Members debated compensation for the Wagalla Massacre, with Hon. Murugara urging a new reparations law and fund, while Hon. Farah criticised the lack of legal mechanisms and alleged selective justice compared to post‑election violence compensation. The Temporary Speaker highlighted existing statutes and procedural options, and later deferred a transport committee statement to the next day. Members raised serious concerns that a report was presented without a proper adoption list, alleging breaches of the Constitution and Standing Orders. The Temporary Speaker clarified treaty‑ratification procedures, including full ratification, reservations, and rejection, while another member confirmed the committee meeting that produced the report. The House agreed to adjourn the matter pending further guidance from the substantive Speaker. Members discussed the recent nationwide police recruitment, noting that female candidates were omitted in some areas and seeking a comprehensive national report. The debate then shifted to escalating violence in the Kimwani/Chebonet areas of Tinderet, with Hon. Cynthia Muge criticizing the Ministry’s response as merely paper‑based and urging immediate ground‑level action, community sensitisation, and coordination with the IPOA and land authorities. The House called for broader engagement of local officials to de‑escalate the conflict and ensure law‑and‑order measures are effective.

Senator Cherarkey highlighted the failure of Nandi County to translate sugar and tea cess into road improvements and raised concerns about Kenyan women and children stranded abroad due to lack of travel documents. Other senators, notably Sen. Maanzo and Sen. Nyamu, criticised the role of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection in facilitating dubious overseas employment and condemned the practice of detaining mothers and newborns in hospitals for unpaid health insurance. The debate reflected both criticism of systemic failures and calls for clearer policy and procedural reforms. Senators highlighted the plight of Kenyan workers in Saudi Arabia, citing passport confiscation, lack of documentation, and inadequate support from the government, and called for regulated recruiting agents and pre‑departure training. They also raised broader concerns about the government’s failure to protect Kenyans abroad, including abductions in Tanzania, and criticized unpaid medical bills and poor healthcare delivery at home. The debate combined sharp criticism with calls for concrete policy reforms. Sen. Osotsi highlighted severe deficiencies in county hospitals—including equipment shortages, poor maintenance, overcrowding and non‑compliance with Ministry of Health standards—and warned that upgrading them to national referral hospitals without first strengthening lower‑level facilities would be counter‑productive. He opposed the motion to convert county hospitals to Level 6, urging more funding and full devolution of health functions to counties rather than shifting responsibility back to the national government.

The House approved the Provisional Collection of Taxes and Duties (Repeal) Bill and the Government Owned Enterprises Bill after third‑reading motions and committee reports. The debate was marked by procedural efficiency but also featured sharp criticism of members for breaching decorum, including an incident involving the mace and accusations of intoxication. Tensions over party celebrations and conduct were noted alongside the legislative progress. The afternoon sitting dealt primarily with procedural issues surrounding several bills, notably the Government Owned Enterprises Bill and the Capital Markets (Amendment) Bill. Members debated the timing and content of amendments, with the Deputy Speaker urging that amendments be raised at the Committee of the Whole House stage, while various motions to amend specific clauses were moved and agreed to. The afternoon sitting quickly devolved into disorder, with members repeatedly shouting that there was no quorum and challenging the Deputy Speaker, even attempting to remove the Mace from its place. The Deputy Speaker cited Standing Order 107, warned of gross misconduct, and ordered the expulsion of Hon. Robert Mbui and Hon. Julius Mawathe for disorderly conduct, effectively halting the session. The debate was dominated by procedural conflict rather than substantive policy discussion.

Senators discussed disaster preparedness, calling for mapping, relocation and re‑forestation to prevent landslides, while also urging the Committee to scrutinise the Micro and Small Enterprise Authority’s role in market development and women’s property rights. The session was marked by procedural interruptions and accusations of improper motives regarding Kenya Kwanza, and a call for renewed regional diplomatic engagement. Senators from various counties offered heartfelt condolences for the passing of Hon. Mohamed Tubi, recalling his humble origins, service in Kenya Wildlife Service, business ventures, and role as the first Speaker of Isiolo County and MP. The session also featured a brief procedural exchange on a motion concerning CCTV footage tampering and the issue of quorum, which was ultimately deferred. The afternoon Senate sitting saw several senators seek statements on pressing county matters, including the disappearance of political aspirant Shadrack Maritim, compensation for traders hit by severe weather, and a contested claim over ownership of the Kilifi jetty. The session devolved into a heated exchange between Senators Ojienda and Cherarkey over alleged remarks on human‑rights violations, prompting multiple points of order and the Speaker’s intervention. Procedural disputes dominated the latter part of the debate, reflecting both substantive concerns and interpersonal tension.

Members debated the shortcomings of existing agreements with independent power producers, highlighting the absence of battery storage and the resulting inefficiencies in night‑time supply. They criticised past contracts, urged that future deals retain equipment after expiry and mandate backup batteries, and stressed that lowering electricity costs and expanding rural connectivity are essential for industrial growth and job creation. Members debated a report aimed at reforming Kenya’s electricity sector, proposing to lift the moratorium on new Power Purchase Agreements, expand off‑grid solar, and optimise geothermal as base load. While expressing strong support for the report’s objectives, they criticised high power costs, legacy PPAs riddled with corruption, technical and non‑technical losses, electricity theft and the monopoly of Kenya Power, calling for sector unbundling and broader reforms. Members debated the implementation of Chapter 15 commissions, highlighting chronic under‑funding, limited autonomy and interference that undermine constitutionalism. While some MPs expressed support for the report and urged Parliament to allocate adequate resources, many criticised the executive’s control over budgets and recent assaults on commission offices. The discussion called for concrete budgetary action to ensure the commissions can fulfil their constitutional mandates.

The Deputy Speaker directed the Serjeant‑at‑Arms to ring the quorum bell to establish a quorum, confirmed that quorum was met, and then adjourned the morning sitting until the afternoon session at 2.30 p.m. The entry records only procedural actions with no substantive debate.

The Senate afternoon sitting was dominated by procedural business, including several divisions and votes on the National Assembly Amendments to the County Governments Additional Allocations (No.2) Bill. Senators moved to amend specific clauses and schedules of the Bill while the temporary speaker addressed ICT system issues and called for order. The session concluded with further voting and a call to resume the legislative agenda. The afternoon Senate session was largely procedural, focusing on reporting and voting on several bills including the County Governments Additional Allocations (No.2) Bill, the Technopolis Bill, and the Cooperatives Bill. The Committee of the Whole presented its reports, motions for third readings were moved, and the bills were approved and slated for presidential assent. The afternoon Senate session dealt primarily with procedural business, moving to read the Cooperatives Bill (National Assembly Bills No. 7 of 2024) a third time and handling a technical glitch that required roll‑call voting. The House also voted on the Technopolis Bill and laid a health committee report on the President’s reservations to the Cancer Prevention and Control (Amendment) Bill.

The Senate session began with Cabinet Secretary Geoffrey Ruku outlining youth employment and digitisation initiatives, after which the Temporary Speaker thanked him and moved to the next order. Senators then raised concerns about the repeated absence and deferments of Cabinet Secretary John Mbadi, demanding his appearance to address issues such as funding for junior secondary schools and internship conversions. The Speaker clarified the procedural steps for rescheduling and proceeded with the agenda. The Cabinet Secretary outlined the National Youth Service (NYS) enterprise aimed at creating sustainable jobs, skills training and entrepreneurship for youth in marginalised regions, and detailed new governance structures to ensure transparency and accountability. Senators questioned whether the plan adequately addresses urban marginalisation in Nairobi’s informal settlements and highlighted past failures of NYS commercial ventures, probing if lessons have been learned. The exchange combined constructive policy presentation with critical scrutiny of implementation and oversight. Senators questioned the Cabinet Secretary on the fragmentation of youth programmes across ministries and urged consolidation into a single, accessible platform. They raised concerns about alleged corruption and the commercialisation of the National Youth Service, seeking clarity on oversight, sustainability, and the impact on vulnerable groups. Additional queries focused on youth employment opportunities, both domestically and abroad, and the potential for preferential procurement for youth beneficiaries.

Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah defended the Government Owned Enterprises Bill 2025, arguing it aligns with the Medium‑Term Development Plan and will re‑register about 80 state corporations under the Companies Act to improve governance and attract private sector expertise. He highlighted the bill’s role in building economic resilience, financing large infrastructure projects, developing capital markets, and revitalising agricultural subsectors, while warning critics that they previously endorsed the underlying policies. Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah advocated for a Bill that would restructure government‑owned enterprises as limited liability companies, introduce independent directors and curb political micromanagement, thereby improving commercial performance and accountability. He highlighted the need for a transparent public‑service‑obligation funding mechanism and argued that the reforms would enable off‑balance‑sheet financing for major infrastructure projects such as new convention centres and airport upgrades. The speech combined criticism of current inefficiencies with optimism about the proposed legislative changes. Members highlighted the urgent need for modern infrastructure such as a new airport, super‑highways and stadiums while stressing regional inequities in development delivery. The debate centred on the Government‑Owned Enterprises Bill, which seeks to convert commercial state entities into limited‑liability companies, tighten governance, and raise capital for further projects. Speakers also noted procedural concerns, cited international best‑practice standards, and proposed amendments before the whole‑House committee stage.

Senators highlighted serious gaps in Kenya's health system, citing a lack of oncologists, diagnostic equipment and insufficient State Health Insurance (SHA) coverage that left patients bearing large out‑of‑pocket costs. The Speaker and other members debated procedural issues, demanding clarification on insurance package limits and urging the health committee to broaden its inquiry to additional counties. The exchange combined criticism of current services with calls for accountability and reform. Senators debated a motion on police reform, emphasizing the need to hire additional officers and implement the Maraga Task Force recommendations before installing CCTV equipment. Concerns were raised about data‑protection compliance, police welfare, and broader human‑rights issues, including implications for the East African Community. The discussion was largely constructive but featured pointed criticism of existing shortcomings. Senators debated the effectiveness of the new health scheme (SHA), with Sen. Omogeni citing a Ksh 1.34 million hospital bill that was only partially covered, and Sen. Sifuna and others accusing the government of misleading promises and inadequate coverage. The discussion highlighted concerns over patient out‑of‑pocket costs, the legality of contributions, and the need for clearer legislation, while the Speaker intervened to restore order amid chaotic exchanges and occasional laughter.

Senators raised concerns about systemic impunity and the need for a government that upholds the rule of law, highlighted illegal land developments around Phenom Park Estate and their impact on public safety, and criticised the poor implementation of tea‑farmers’ legislation. The session also included condolences for the tragic loss of lives in Elgeyo‑Marakwet. Overall, the debate combined sharp criticism of governance failures with calls for concrete solutions and expressions of sympathy. Senators voiced urgent concerns over child recruitment and gender‑based violence, criticizing the lack of response from the Prime Cabinet Secretary and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. They also condemned illegal construction on Langata Link Road for breaching planning laws and public‑participation requirements, and highlighted discrimination against Kenyan athletes and workers abroad as well as the arrest of a Kenyan lawyer in Tanzania, calling for immediate government action. Senators clashed over procedural rules, questioning whether committee chairs must declare interests before speaking and defending their freedom of expression. The debate also addressed the use of the term “mamluki” to describe Kenyan youths abroad and raised allegations that former Kenyan military personnel are serving as mercenaries in Russia and Ukraine, urging the House to obtain evidence and consider detention upon return.

Hon. (Dr) John Mutunga presented the Tea (Amendment) Bill, outlining reforms to restructure the tea value chain, improve transparency, and boost growers' earnings through direct sales and value‑addition incentives. He highlighted concerns over price differentials between eastern and western Rift Valley factories and pledged investigations into management costs and agency roles. The debate combined constructive proposals with criticism of existing pricing and governance issues. Members debated the challenges of liberalising Kenya's tea market, highlighting excess competition among factories and the impact on smallholder farmers. They discussed amending the law to allow direct overseas sales and promote value‑addition to retain more revenue locally, while warning against unregulated green‑leaf trading. The discussion balanced criticism of current regulations with proposals for reforms to improve farmer incomes. The session began with the Speaker confirming quorum before welcoming a Nigerian anti‑corruption delegation, accompanied by light‑hearted remarks and laughter among members. Several MPs, including Hon. Farah Maalim and Hon. Francis Sigei, highlighted bilateral cooperation and shared experiences, while the House proceeded to lay committee reports on the Judges’ Retirement Benefits Bill and on public university funding under the 2017‑2021 CBA. The overall tone was cordial and constructive, with procedural business interspersed with friendly banter.

The Minister of Health addressed Hon. Kawanjiku’s queries on the sharp decline in outpatient visits in Kiambu County during the doctors’ strike, reporting a 30‑plus percent drop and highlighting 164 newborn and 14 maternal deaths that may be under‑reported. He outlined actions taken to resolve the industrial dispute, including a return‑to‑work framework, allocation of funds, and proposed punitive measures for health data non‑compliance, while also noting the withdrawal of medical interns due to supervisory gaps. The discussion emphasized the need for improved reporting systems and continuity of essential maternal‑child services. Members debated an inquiry into the pricing structure of Kenya's tea sector, focusing on the disparity between East and West Rift Valley payments. The Speaker directed the creation of a select committee, co‑opting members and setting a three‑week deadline, while members raised concerns about county representation and the voting rights of co‑opted members. The discussion balanced criticism of procedural delays with a constructive aim to achieve fair outcomes for tea farmers. Members criticised the Access to Government Procurement Opportunities law and the e‑procurement system for marginalising rural constituencies lacking electricity and internet, and condemned the government's failure to spend allocated budget, leading to halted services and procurement delays. The debate highlighted concerns over lack of public participation in the law, inadequate funding for rural roads and electrification, and called for parliamentary resistance to the proposed circular.

The debate centered on accusations that politicians from specific counties were fostering insecurity, with the Interior Minister rejecting community profiling and urging evidence‑based action against perpetrators. Senators also raised concerns about delayed per‑diem allowances, lack of transport for police officers, and prolonged promotion interview processes, prompting the ministry to outline steps to improve resource disbursement and logistical support. Overall, the discussion combined criticism of political interference with defensive explanations of administrative challenges. The Senate debated the night‑time travel restriction to Lamu, emphasizing security over economic impact, and discussed related roadblock operations along the Marsabit border due to cross‑border threats. Concerns were also raised about asbestos exposure in government facilities, while the session featured procedural exchanges and calls for clearer answers from the Cabinet Secretary. Senators raised alarm over electoral malpractice and violence in several African countries, urging the Inter‑Parliamentary Union (IPU) to step in where the African Union is perceived to have failed and calling for parliamentary standing‑order reforms to enable robust debate. They also highlighted Kenya's own constitutional transition and the need to protect Kenyan citizens abroad, while expressing support for sharing best practices among African legislatures.

Senators debated the failure of World Bank‑funded water infrastructure projects, highlighting incomplete works, mismanagement and the need for stronger prosecution and witness protection. They called for clearer accountability mechanisms, including a more active role for the EACC, DPP and Senate committees to ensure recommendations are implemented. Senators moved to adopt the Standing Committee’s report on national cohesion, urging compensation for IDPs, forest and infrastructural evictees and emphasizing gender parity, ethnic diversity and youth inclusion. The debate highlighted concerns about corruption and opaque data within the Ministry of Interior while proposing internship allocations and tax incentives to broaden opportunities. The discussion blended constructive policy suggestions with sharp criticism of implementation gaps. Senators voiced strong criticism over alleged illegal land grabs, citing the misuse of church property, SUPKEM’s involvement in politics, and a secret lease of Jamhuri Park, and called for investigations by the Ethics and Anti‑Corruption Commission and relevant parliamentary committees. They also highlighted systemic failures in paying community health promoters, interns and post‑office workers, urging the government and county officials to honour salary obligations. The debate was dominated by accusations of corruption and demands for accountability.

The debate focused on Clause 3 of a surrogacy bill that requires a court order for surrogate mothers or intended parents without a genetic link to relinquish parental rights. Hon. Millie Odhiambo argued the provision stigmatizes childless women and could be traumatic, while Hon. Julius Sunkuli defended the legal rationale of treating such cases like adoption. The discussion highlighted emotional concerns versus procedural legal safeguards. Hon. John Waithaka raised concerns over the demolition of 62 market stores in Kiambu by the Postal Corporation, highlighting the lack of official reports and compensation for affected traders. The House then moved to the Assisted Reproductive Bill, where members debated procedural matters and the wording of an amendment to specify that assisted reproductive procedures should be performed by a specialist rather than any medical doctor. The discussion reflected both grievance‑driven criticism and routine legislative deliberation. The National Assembly debated the Assisted Reproductive Technology Bill, addressing specific wording in Clause 2 and processing several amendment motions. While members raised procedural points and a brief humorous interjection, the House praised the contributors and unanimously approved the bill with amendments, adopting the committee’s report. The debate highlighted collaborative effort across multiple parliamentary terms to legalise assisted reproduction in Kenya.

Members debated the Pyrethrum (Repeal) Bill, with the mover and supporters expressing approval and procedural motions being deferred. The discussion then shifted to the Tea (Amendment) Bill, where the mover highlighted its objectives to improve transparency, growers' earnings, and value addition, citing extensive stakeholder consultation. Overall, the tone was constructive, with limited conflict and a focus on advancing legislation. Members highlighted the declining performance of Kenya's tea sector and urged reforms to improve farmer incomes, including quarterly bonuses and faster payment after auction. The debate supported the Tea Amendment Bill’s provisions on direct sales, value‑addition incentives, and restructuring of the industry board, while also criticizing high production costs, outdated equipment and poor management. Overall, the speakers expressed constructive support tempered by concerns over implementation challenges. Members moved to annul a set of regulations that were submitted to Parliament beyond the seven‑day deadline required by the Statutory Instruments Act, arguing that the breach renders them invalid. The debate highlighted concerns over executive overreach, especially the use of circulars with the force of law, and called for stronger enforcement and possible sanctions against agencies that miss statutory timelines.