Sittings

President William Ruto addressed a special joint sitting of the Senate and National Assembly, celebrating progress in agriculture, housing, health, digitalisation and climate initiatives while urging Kenya to accelerate its transition from a developing to a developed nation. He invoked examples of the Asian Tigers and announced a bold national project aimed at inclusive growth and prosperity. The speech combined commendation of past achievements with a forward‑looking vision for transformative development. President William Ruto outlined Kenya's turnaround from the 2022 economic crisis, citing restored fiscal discipline, boosted agricultural and livestock production, and expanded exports. He detailed health sector reforms, including universal coverage through the Social Health Authority and a massive rollout of community health promoters. The speech emphasized continued transformation and collective effort across government and citizens. President William Ruto outlined extensive achievements in housing, student accommodation, market construction and job creation, alongside a rapid digital transformation that expanded fibre networks, public Wi‑Fi and e‑government services. He urged Kenya to raise its ambition, citing Asian Tigers, and announced increased education spending, a new State Department for Science, Research and Innovation, and plans to expand the National Research Fund to boost STEM and entrepreneurship.

President William Ruto outlined Kenya's economic turnaround over the past three years, citing lower inflation, a stable shilling, higher GDP, record foreign reserves, an upgraded sovereign credit rating and a surge in foreign direct investment and NSE performance. He framed these gains as a foundation for a broader national vision to move Kenya from a developing to a developed economy, while acknowledging past hardships and critics of the government's policies. President William Ruto used the afternoon sitting to showcase government achievements and future plans across agriculture, health, entrepreneurship, education and water infrastructure. He highlighted the digital farmer registry, community health promoters, the Hustler Fund bridge facility, increased education spending and a new research fund, and announced an ambitious dam‑building programme to boost irrigation and food security. The remarks were met with applause, reflecting a constructive and forward‑looking tone. The National Assembly convened a special sitting in accordance with constitutional and standing order requirements, recognizing former speakers and other dignitaries. President William Ruto delivered a State of the Nation address, highlighting progress in agriculture, affordable housing, universal health coverage, industrial growth, the Hustler Fund and climate initiatives, while urging the nation to accelerate its transition to a developed economy. The tone was largely optimistic, emphasizing achievements and future aspirations.

Senators questioned the Ministry on research funding, asset sales, outstanding debts and the suitability of certain counties for pyrethrum cultivation. The Cabinet Secretary admitted insufficient R&D budget, a Kshs3.5 billion debt, pending asset valuations and proposed private‑sector licensing and climate‑based planting policies as solutions. Senators raised concerns about the status of an open ground in Buruburu Phase 5, alleging possible encroachment and demanding a ground report from the Ministry of Lands. They also highlighted broader land‑related grievances, including compulsory acquisition in Dagoretti without compensation and violent disputes over squatters’ rights in Nandi, seeking clarification and action from the Cabinet Secretary. The Cabinet Secretary responded that no other transactions are recorded and promised to dispatch a ground report, while procedural tensions between county authorities and the Ministry were evident. The debate focused on a contested land parcel where the Court of Appeal affirmed ownership in favour of Rajab Ahmed Karume, prompting the Ministry of Lands to cite court orders and outline its ongoing digitisation and titling programme. Senators questioned the Ministry’s legal defence and the apparent override of earlier registrations, while the Cabinet Secretary highlighted recent funding for land‑record automation and cooperation with anti‑corruption bodies. The exchange combined defensive explanations with calls for clarity and accountability.

Members raised concerns over the government's failure to implement recently enacted policies, citing KRA's delay in applying gratuity tax exemptions, chronic electricity shortages in Kotulo Sub‑County, stalled upgrades to the Keroka‑Ibacho‑Kiamokama road, and acute water scarcity in Jomvu. Each member requested a formal statement from the relevant departmental committee to address these service delivery gaps and the resulting hardship for constituents. Members debated the need for the Health Committee to conduct site visits to county hospitals and satellite facilities to verify Ministry of Health reports, while also reviewing the Ministry of Roads and Transport's progress on road safety installations on the Denja‑Chemuswa‑Chepterit‑Moi University‑Lessos corridor. Hon. Bernard Kitur expressed strong dissatisfaction with the lack of road markings and signage, urging faster completion and assurance of maintenance. The Temporary Speaker sought clarification on timelines and urged accountability from the respective ministries. The debate centered on Hon. Wanjiku Muhia’s complaints about stalled road works in Kipipiri, with the Transport Committee’s Vice‑Chairman explaining contractor changes and funding constraints. A point‑of‑order clash between the Temporary Speaker and other members highlighted procedural tensions, while members disputed whether delays stemmed from financial shortfalls, contractor incompetence, or political interference, calling for the President’s intervention.

The debate began with Hon. Samwel Chepkonga endorsing a judiciary reform bill, highlighting judges' difficult working conditions, the need for mentorship through the Judicial Training Institute, and concerns over judges' retirement protections. The discussion then shifted to Hon. Caroli Omondi’s critique of political interference in Chapter 10 commissions, warning that recommendations from the NADCO process threaten their independence and constitutional mandate. Both speakers called for stronger safeguards to uphold the integrity of Kenya’s legal and accountability institutions. The House debated the National Green Fiscal Incentives Policy Framework, outlining proposals for renewable energy, clean cooking, electric transport, waste‑to‑energy and the creation of a Kenya Green Investment Bank to mobilise climate finance. While members praised the policy’s alignment with Kenya’s climate commitments, they voiced concerns over accountability, potential misuse of fiscal incentives and the need to ensure benefits reach poorer households. Calls were made for stronger oversight, transparent auditing and capacity building within key ministries. The House Business Committee outlined the agenda ahead of the President’s State of the Nation Address, while the Speaker stressed the constitutional duty of Cabinet Secretaries to appear before Parliament and warned of sanctions for non‑attendance. Members criticised the Agriculture Cabinet Secretary’s failure to attend and called for stricter enforcement of accountability. Opposition MPs echoed concerns about a growing reluctance among senior officials to answer parliamentary questions, urging the House to uphold its oversight role.

Senators debated the standards of management and funding for referral hospitals, urging stronger administration, oversight and increased resources while warning against diverting county funds to national health functions. The discussion highlighted challenges of devolution, the pursuit of universal health care, and the need for clear cost estimates and collaborative governance between national and county levels. Senator Mumma urged the Senate to strengthen intergovernmental collaboration on health services, arguing that duplicating specialised facilities in every county would be unsustainable given the limited number of specialists. She advocated for regional referral hubs, preventive health investment, and a coordinated approach between national and county governments to achieve universal health coverage. The discussion also highlighted the potential role of regional economic blocs in equitable resource sharing. The Senate debate devolved into procedural clashes as Senators Wakili Sigei, Olekina and Wambua disputed each other's right to speak and accused one another of being out of order. The core disagreement centred on a report concerning a road‑transportation issue, specifically a petition to divert an illegal road based on the Survey of Kenya map, which Olekina argued was mishandled by the Committee. Senators expressed frustration that petitioners were being dismissed and called for deeper investigation and adherence to the rule of law.

Senator Cherarkey highlighted the failure of Nandi County to translate sugar and tea cess into road improvements and raised concerns about Kenyan women and children stranded abroad due to lack of travel documents. Other senators, notably Sen. Maanzo and Sen. Nyamu, criticised the role of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection in facilitating dubious overseas employment and condemned the practice of detaining mothers and newborns in hospitals for unpaid health insurance. The debate reflected both criticism of systemic failures and calls for clearer policy and procedural reforms. Senators highlighted the plight of Kenyan workers in Saudi Arabia, citing passport confiscation, lack of documentation, and inadequate support from the government, and called for regulated recruiting agents and pre‑departure training. They also raised broader concerns about the government’s failure to protect Kenyans abroad, including abductions in Tanzania, and criticized unpaid medical bills and poor healthcare delivery at home. The debate combined sharp criticism with calls for concrete policy reforms. Sen. Osotsi highlighted severe deficiencies in county hospitals—including equipment shortages, poor maintenance, overcrowding and non‑compliance with Ministry of Health standards—and warned that upgrading them to national referral hospitals without first strengthening lower‑level facilities would be counter‑productive. He opposed the motion to convert county hospitals to Level 6, urging more funding and full devolution of health functions to counties rather than shifting responsibility back to the national government.

Members debated compensation for the Wagalla Massacre, with Hon. Murugara urging a new reparations law and fund, while Hon. Farah criticised the lack of legal mechanisms and alleged selective justice compared to post‑election violence compensation. The Temporary Speaker highlighted existing statutes and procedural options, and later deferred a transport committee statement to the next day. Members raised serious concerns that a report was presented without a proper adoption list, alleging breaches of the Constitution and Standing Orders. The Temporary Speaker clarified treaty‑ratification procedures, including full ratification, reservations, and rejection, while another member confirmed the committee meeting that produced the report. The House agreed to adjourn the matter pending further guidance from the substantive Speaker. Members discussed the recent nationwide police recruitment, noting that female candidates were omitted in some areas and seeking a comprehensive national report. The debate then shifted to escalating violence in the Kimwani/Chebonet areas of Tinderet, with Hon. Cynthia Muge criticizing the Ministry’s response as merely paper‑based and urging immediate ground‑level action, community sensitisation, and coordination with the IPOA and land authorities. The House called for broader engagement of local officials to de‑escalate the conflict and ensure law‑and‑order measures are effective.

Senators discussed disaster preparedness, calling for mapping, relocation and re‑forestation to prevent landslides, while also urging the Committee to scrutinise the Micro and Small Enterprise Authority’s role in market development and women’s property rights. The session was marked by procedural interruptions and accusations of improper motives regarding Kenya Kwanza, and a call for renewed regional diplomatic engagement. Senators from various counties offered heartfelt condolences for the passing of Hon. Mohamed Tubi, recalling his humble origins, service in Kenya Wildlife Service, business ventures, and role as the first Speaker of Isiolo County and MP. The session also featured a brief procedural exchange on a motion concerning CCTV footage tampering and the issue of quorum, which was ultimately deferred. The afternoon Senate sitting saw several senators seek statements on pressing county matters, including the disappearance of political aspirant Shadrack Maritim, compensation for traders hit by severe weather, and a contested claim over ownership of the Kilifi jetty. The session devolved into a heated exchange between Senators Ojienda and Cherarkey over alleged remarks on human‑rights violations, prompting multiple points of order and the Speaker’s intervention. Procedural disputes dominated the latter part of the debate, reflecting both substantive concerns and interpersonal tension.

The House approved the Provisional Collection of Taxes and Duties (Repeal) Bill and the Government Owned Enterprises Bill after third‑reading motions and committee reports. The debate was marked by procedural efficiency but also featured sharp criticism of members for breaching decorum, including an incident involving the mace and accusations of intoxication. Tensions over party celebrations and conduct were noted alongside the legislative progress. The afternoon sitting dealt primarily with procedural issues surrounding several bills, notably the Government Owned Enterprises Bill and the Capital Markets (Amendment) Bill. Members debated the timing and content of amendments, with the Deputy Speaker urging that amendments be raised at the Committee of the Whole House stage, while various motions to amend specific clauses were moved and agreed to. The afternoon sitting quickly devolved into disorder, with members repeatedly shouting that there was no quorum and challenging the Deputy Speaker, even attempting to remove the Mace from its place. The Deputy Speaker cited Standing Order 107, warned of gross misconduct, and ordered the expulsion of Hon. Robert Mbui and Hon. Julius Mawathe for disorderly conduct, effectively halting the session. The debate was dominated by procedural conflict rather than substantive policy discussion.

The Senate afternoon sitting was dominated by procedural business, including several divisions and votes on the National Assembly Amendments to the County Governments Additional Allocations (No.2) Bill. Senators moved to amend specific clauses and schedules of the Bill while the temporary speaker addressed ICT system issues and called for order. The session concluded with further voting and a call to resume the legislative agenda. The afternoon Senate session was largely procedural, focusing on reporting and voting on several bills including the County Governments Additional Allocations (No.2) Bill, the Technopolis Bill, and the Cooperatives Bill. The Committee of the Whole presented its reports, motions for third readings were moved, and the bills were approved and slated for presidential assent. The afternoon Senate session dealt primarily with procedural business, moving to read the Cooperatives Bill (National Assembly Bills No. 7 of 2024) a third time and handling a technical glitch that required roll‑call voting. The House also voted on the Technopolis Bill and laid a health committee report on the President’s reservations to the Cancer Prevention and Control (Amendment) Bill.

The Deputy Speaker directed the Serjeant‑at‑Arms to ring the quorum bell to establish a quorum, confirmed that quorum was met, and then adjourned the morning sitting until the afternoon session at 2.30 p.m. The entry records only procedural actions with no substantive debate.

Members debated the shortcomings of existing agreements with independent power producers, highlighting the absence of battery storage and the resulting inefficiencies in night‑time supply. They criticised past contracts, urged that future deals retain equipment after expiry and mandate backup batteries, and stressed that lowering electricity costs and expanding rural connectivity are essential for industrial growth and job creation. Members debated a report aimed at reforming Kenya’s electricity sector, proposing to lift the moratorium on new Power Purchase Agreements, expand off‑grid solar, and optimise geothermal as base load. While expressing strong support for the report’s objectives, they criticised high power costs, legacy PPAs riddled with corruption, technical and non‑technical losses, electricity theft and the monopoly of Kenya Power, calling for sector unbundling and broader reforms. Members debated the implementation of Chapter 15 commissions, highlighting chronic under‑funding, limited autonomy and interference that undermine constitutionalism. While some MPs expressed support for the report and urged Parliament to allocate adequate resources, many criticised the executive’s control over budgets and recent assaults on commission offices. The discussion called for concrete budgetary action to ensure the commissions can fulfil their constitutional mandates.

The Senate session began with Cabinet Secretary Geoffrey Ruku outlining youth employment and digitisation initiatives, after which the Temporary Speaker thanked him and moved to the next order. Senators then raised concerns about the repeated absence and deferments of Cabinet Secretary John Mbadi, demanding his appearance to address issues such as funding for junior secondary schools and internship conversions. The Speaker clarified the procedural steps for rescheduling and proceeded with the agenda. The Cabinet Secretary outlined the National Youth Service (NYS) enterprise aimed at creating sustainable jobs, skills training and entrepreneurship for youth in marginalised regions, and detailed new governance structures to ensure transparency and accountability. Senators questioned whether the plan adequately addresses urban marginalisation in Nairobi’s informal settlements and highlighted past failures of NYS commercial ventures, probing if lessons have been learned. The exchange combined constructive policy presentation with critical scrutiny of implementation and oversight. Senators questioned the Cabinet Secretary on the fragmentation of youth programmes across ministries and urged consolidation into a single, accessible platform. They raised concerns about alleged corruption and the commercialisation of the National Youth Service, seeking clarity on oversight, sustainability, and the impact on vulnerable groups. Additional queries focused on youth employment opportunities, both domestically and abroad, and the potential for preferential procurement for youth beneficiaries.

Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah defended the Government Owned Enterprises Bill 2025, arguing it aligns with the Medium‑Term Development Plan and will re‑register about 80 state corporations under the Companies Act to improve governance and attract private sector expertise. He highlighted the bill’s role in building economic resilience, financing large infrastructure projects, developing capital markets, and revitalising agricultural subsectors, while warning critics that they previously endorsed the underlying policies. Hon. Kimani Ichung’wah advocated for a Bill that would restructure government‑owned enterprises as limited liability companies, introduce independent directors and curb political micromanagement, thereby improving commercial performance and accountability. He highlighted the need for a transparent public‑service‑obligation funding mechanism and argued that the reforms would enable off‑balance‑sheet financing for major infrastructure projects such as new convention centres and airport upgrades. The speech combined criticism of current inefficiencies with optimism about the proposed legislative changes. Members highlighted the urgent need for modern infrastructure such as a new airport, super‑highways and stadiums while stressing regional inequities in development delivery. The debate centred on the Government‑Owned Enterprises Bill, which seeks to convert commercial state entities into limited‑liability companies, tighten governance, and raise capital for further projects. Speakers also noted procedural concerns, cited international best‑practice standards, and proposed amendments before the whole‑House committee stage.

Senators highlighted serious gaps in Kenya's health system, citing a lack of oncologists, diagnostic equipment and insufficient State Health Insurance (SHA) coverage that left patients bearing large out‑of‑pocket costs. The Speaker and other members debated procedural issues, demanding clarification on insurance package limits and urging the health committee to broaden its inquiry to additional counties. The exchange combined criticism of current services with calls for accountability and reform. Senators debated a motion on police reform, emphasizing the need to hire additional officers and implement the Maraga Task Force recommendations before installing CCTV equipment. Concerns were raised about data‑protection compliance, police welfare, and broader human‑rights issues, including implications for the East African Community. The discussion was largely constructive but featured pointed criticism of existing shortcomings. Senators debated the effectiveness of the new health scheme (SHA), with Sen. Omogeni citing a Ksh 1.34 million hospital bill that was only partially covered, and Sen. Sifuna and others accusing the government of misleading promises and inadequate coverage. The discussion highlighted concerns over patient out‑of‑pocket costs, the legality of contributions, and the need for clearer legislation, while the Speaker intervened to restore order amid chaotic exchanges and occasional laughter.

Hon. (Dr) John Mutunga presented the Tea (Amendment) Bill, outlining reforms to restructure the tea value chain, improve transparency, and boost growers' earnings through direct sales and value‑addition incentives. He highlighted concerns over price differentials between eastern and western Rift Valley factories and pledged investigations into management costs and agency roles. The debate combined constructive proposals with criticism of existing pricing and governance issues. Members debated the challenges of liberalising Kenya's tea market, highlighting excess competition among factories and the impact on smallholder farmers. They discussed amending the law to allow direct overseas sales and promote value‑addition to retain more revenue locally, while warning against unregulated green‑leaf trading. The discussion balanced criticism of current regulations with proposals for reforms to improve farmer incomes. The session began with the Speaker confirming quorum before welcoming a Nigerian anti‑corruption delegation, accompanied by light‑hearted remarks and laughter among members. Several MPs, including Hon. Farah Maalim and Hon. Francis Sigei, highlighted bilateral cooperation and shared experiences, while the House proceeded to lay committee reports on the Judges’ Retirement Benefits Bill and on public university funding under the 2017‑2021 CBA. The overall tone was cordial and constructive, with procedural business interspersed with friendly banter.

Senators raised concerns about systemic impunity and the need for a government that upholds the rule of law, highlighted illegal land developments around Phenom Park Estate and their impact on public safety, and criticised the poor implementation of tea‑farmers’ legislation. The session also included condolences for the tragic loss of lives in Elgeyo‑Marakwet. Overall, the debate combined sharp criticism of governance failures with calls for concrete solutions and expressions of sympathy. Senators voiced urgent concerns over child recruitment and gender‑based violence, criticizing the lack of response from the Prime Cabinet Secretary and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. They also condemned illegal construction on Langata Link Road for breaching planning laws and public‑participation requirements, and highlighted discrimination against Kenyan athletes and workers abroad as well as the arrest of a Kenyan lawyer in Tanzania, calling for immediate government action. Senators clashed over procedural rules, questioning whether committee chairs must declare interests before speaking and defending their freedom of expression. The debate also addressed the use of the term “mamluki” to describe Kenyan youths abroad and raised allegations that former Kenyan military personnel are serving as mercenaries in Russia and Ukraine, urging the House to obtain evidence and consider detention upon return.

The debate focused on Clause 3 of a surrogacy bill that requires a court order for surrogate mothers or intended parents without a genetic link to relinquish parental rights. Hon. Millie Odhiambo argued the provision stigmatizes childless women and could be traumatic, while Hon. Julius Sunkuli defended the legal rationale of treating such cases like adoption. The discussion highlighted emotional concerns versus procedural legal safeguards. Hon. John Waithaka raised concerns over the demolition of 62 market stores in Kiambu by the Postal Corporation, highlighting the lack of official reports and compensation for affected traders. The House then moved to the Assisted Reproductive Bill, where members debated procedural matters and the wording of an amendment to specify that assisted reproductive procedures should be performed by a specialist rather than any medical doctor. The discussion reflected both grievance‑driven criticism and routine legislative deliberation. The National Assembly debated the Assisted Reproductive Technology Bill, addressing specific wording in Clause 2 and processing several amendment motions. While members raised procedural points and a brief humorous interjection, the House praised the contributors and unanimously approved the bill with amendments, adopting the committee’s report. The debate highlighted collaborative effort across multiple parliamentary terms to legalise assisted reproduction in Kenya.

Senators debated the failure of World Bank‑funded water infrastructure projects, highlighting incomplete works, mismanagement and the need for stronger prosecution and witness protection. They called for clearer accountability mechanisms, including a more active role for the EACC, DPP and Senate committees to ensure recommendations are implemented. Senators moved to adopt the Standing Committee’s report on national cohesion, urging compensation for IDPs, forest and infrastructural evictees and emphasizing gender parity, ethnic diversity and youth inclusion. The debate highlighted concerns about corruption and opaque data within the Ministry of Interior while proposing internship allocations and tax incentives to broaden opportunities. The discussion blended constructive policy suggestions with sharp criticism of implementation gaps. Senators voiced strong criticism over alleged illegal land grabs, citing the misuse of church property, SUPKEM’s involvement in politics, and a secret lease of Jamhuri Park, and called for investigations by the Ethics and Anti‑Corruption Commission and relevant parliamentary committees. They also highlighted systemic failures in paying community health promoters, interns and post‑office workers, urging the government and county officials to honour salary obligations. The debate was dominated by accusations of corruption and demands for accountability.

The Minister of Health addressed Hon. Kawanjiku’s queries on the sharp decline in outpatient visits in Kiambu County during the doctors’ strike, reporting a 30‑plus percent drop and highlighting 164 newborn and 14 maternal deaths that may be under‑reported. He outlined actions taken to resolve the industrial dispute, including a return‑to‑work framework, allocation of funds, and proposed punitive measures for health data non‑compliance, while also noting the withdrawal of medical interns due to supervisory gaps. The discussion emphasized the need for improved reporting systems and continuity of essential maternal‑child services. Members debated an inquiry into the pricing structure of Kenya's tea sector, focusing on the disparity between East and West Rift Valley payments. The Speaker directed the creation of a select committee, co‑opting members and setting a three‑week deadline, while members raised concerns about county representation and the voting rights of co‑opted members. The discussion balanced criticism of procedural delays with a constructive aim to achieve fair outcomes for tea farmers. Members criticised the Access to Government Procurement Opportunities law and the e‑procurement system for marginalising rural constituencies lacking electricity and internet, and condemned the government's failure to spend allocated budget, leading to halted services and procurement delays. The debate highlighted concerns over lack of public participation in the law, inadequate funding for rural roads and electrification, and called for parliamentary resistance to the proposed circular.

The debate centered on accusations that politicians from specific counties were fostering insecurity, with the Interior Minister rejecting community profiling and urging evidence‑based action against perpetrators. Senators also raised concerns about delayed per‑diem allowances, lack of transport for police officers, and prolonged promotion interview processes, prompting the ministry to outline steps to improve resource disbursement and logistical support. Overall, the discussion combined criticism of political interference with defensive explanations of administrative challenges. The Senate debated the night‑time travel restriction to Lamu, emphasizing security over economic impact, and discussed related roadblock operations along the Marsabit border due to cross‑border threats. Concerns were also raised about asbestos exposure in government facilities, while the session featured procedural exchanges and calls for clearer answers from the Cabinet Secretary. Senators raised alarm over electoral malpractice and violence in several African countries, urging the Inter‑Parliamentary Union (IPU) to step in where the African Union is perceived to have failed and calling for parliamentary standing‑order reforms to enable robust debate. They also highlighted Kenya's own constitutional transition and the need to protect Kenyan citizens abroad, while expressing support for sharing best practices among African legislatures.

Members debated the Pyrethrum (Repeal) Bill, with the mover and supporters expressing approval and procedural motions being deferred. The discussion then shifted to the Tea (Amendment) Bill, where the mover highlighted its objectives to improve transparency, growers' earnings, and value addition, citing extensive stakeholder consultation. Overall, the tone was constructive, with limited conflict and a focus on advancing legislation. Members highlighted the declining performance of Kenya's tea sector and urged reforms to improve farmer incomes, including quarterly bonuses and faster payment after auction. The debate supported the Tea Amendment Bill’s provisions on direct sales, value‑addition incentives, and restructuring of the industry board, while also criticizing high production costs, outdated equipment and poor management. Overall, the speakers expressed constructive support tempered by concerns over implementation challenges. Members moved to annul a set of regulations that were submitted to Parliament beyond the seven‑day deadline required by the Statutory Instruments Act, arguing that the breach renders them invalid. The debate highlighted concerns over executive overreach, especially the use of circulars with the force of law, and called for stronger enforcement and possible sanctions against agencies that miss statutory timelines.

Senators Sifuna and Wamatinga highlighted Kenya’s weak investment climate, opaque PPP processes and high youth unemployment, urging greater transparency, clearer project disclosures and reforms to attract foreign investors. They also called for modernising energy infrastructure and education, promoting dual‑training, nuclear and renewable power, and embracing AI and IoT to create jobs and curb emigration. Senators Korir and Gataya highlighted the acute youth unemployment crisis, critiquing the limited impact of existing internship schemes and funding programmes such as the Youth Fund and Hustler Fund. They called for faster documentation, stronger government‑private sector partnerships, and industrialisation of counties to create sustainable jobs and curb related crime. The debate combined concern over current shortcomings with constructive proposals for policy and investment reforms. Sen. Cherarkey highlighted the inadequacy of current internship remuneration and allocation, urging higher stipends, transport subsidies, health insurance, and tax incentives for private‑sector participation. He called for equitable distribution of slots across counties, protection of interns’ innovations, and better transition pathways for National Youth Service graduates.

Senators raised concerns over the opaque proposed sale of a large land parcel in Kwale County, urging greater transparency to protect resident livelihoods. A separate statement highlighted the government’s new mandatory food‑labelling rules aimed at curbing obesity and diet‑related diseases. The session also included a solemn tribute to the late Raila Odinga, reflecting on his contributions to national unity and development. Senators questioned why the National Assembly applied a uniform cut to county allocations despite differing needs, demanding an explanation for the rationale. They raised concerns about stalled county projects due to e‑procurement failures and criticised delays and perceived arrogance in handling additional allocation funds and loan deployments. The debate called for greater parliamentary accountability and clearer reporting to citizens on the impact of these delays. Senators highlighted the importance of adequately supporting youth internships, arguing that current stipends are insufficient to cover basic needs such as transport, food, clothing, shelter and healthcare. They called on the government to adopt a comprehensive framework with a minimum Kshs60,000 allocation to ensure meaningful experience and employability for young people.

Senators debated the rollout of the SHA Lipa Pole Pole scheme, noting its high uptake and collected funds while urging wider registration for universal health coverage. The discussion also covered large NHIF debt repayments, staffing cuts and redeployment, and raised concerns over the chairperson of SHA’s alleged conflicts of interest, reflecting both support for health financing and criticism of financial management. Senators questioned the Sustainable Health Assurance (SHA) payment system, pre‑authorisation rules and the burden on patients needing emergency care, while also raising concerns about governors favouring private facilities and the ongoing closure of St Mary’s Hospital due to unpaid claims. The Speaker and Cabinet Secretary acknowledged the issues, noting registration successes but admitting service delivery challenges, especially in maternal and infant health. The debate reflected both constructive inquiry and criticism of health sector implementation. Senators raised concerns about delayed reimbursements from the Social Health Authority (SHA), the limited reach of the Linda Mama programme for teenage mothers, and cases of mothers being detained in hospitals when extra days of care are not covered. The Cabinet Secretary responded by outlining the current budget, the number of beneficiaries reached, and measures such as community health promoters and direct facility funding to improve service delivery. The debate highlighted ongoing challenges in SHA implementation and calls for stronger monitoring and adherence to free‑treatment agreements.

Senators debated motions on land disputes in Embu and Taita‑Taveta, highlighting historical injustices where large parcels were allocated to Catholic parishes, leading to resident evictions. They urged surveys, proper allocation to rightful owners, and implementation of the Standing Committee’s recommendations, while deferring the final decision to a later date. The Senate session began with procedural checks before the Speaker welcomed a delegation of students from three prominent schools. Senators then engaged in light banter before addressing a point of order concerning dress code compliance, leading the Speaker to clarify the relevant rules and enforce proper attire. The debate combined cordial greetings with procedural enforcement. Senator Olekina advocated amending Section 4(c) of the Bill to require citizen voting on county development projects, arguing that current budgeting and supplementary budgets undermine public participation and accountability. He called for dedicated monitoring, evaluation and implementation officers to strengthen Senate oversight of county funds and highlighted the need for collective responsibility between senators, MCAs and governors. The Temporary Speaker deferred the question on the Bill.

Senators Cheruiyot and Kajwang raised concerns about the judiciary’s power to stay parliamentary provisions for extended periods and the recurring failure of bills to progress between the Senate and National Assembly, urging clearer standards and better inter‑house communication. They also advocated for a stand‑alone public participation law and highlighted the need to resolve county boundary disputes through legislation. Senators debated the need for robust public participation legislation and highlighted persistent issues of corruption and lack of accountability in county procurement, especially in shifting agricultural programmes. Concerns were raised about judicial overreach, access to information, and the implementation of development plans, while a tribute was paid to the late Raila Odinga. Sen. Consolata Wakwabubi criticised the inadequate budget allocation for agriculture and the low tea bonuses paid to farmers, urging greater public participation and accountability from ministries, the Cabinet Secretary and county governments. She highlighted the need for transparent oversight, the establishment of social halls in counties, and expressed conditional support for the Bill, calling for amendments to improve its provisions.

Members of the National Assembly offered heartfelt condolences on the death of the late Rt. Hon. Raila Amolo Odinga, recalling his role in Kenya’s constitutional development and his influence across successive administrations. They praised his commitment to unity, equitable resource distribution and democratic values, urging continued peace, national cohesion and progress in his memory. The remarks reflected both sorrow for the loss and a hopeful call to uphold his legacy. Members of the National Assembly paid heartfelt tributes to the late Raila Odinga, recalling his role in Kenyan politics, his advocacy for constitutional reform, and his ability to unite across party lines. The House also discussed practical matters related to the national day of mourning, such as wearing black attire. Light banter about football provided a brief, informal interlude amidst the solemn proceedings. Members of the National Assembly paid tribute to the late former Prime Minister Raila Odinga, highlighting his role in Kenya’s democratic development and regional influence. Hon. Omar Mwinyi urged the ODM to remain united and avoid divisive statements, while other MPs expressed personal condolences and called for national cohesion. The session reflected a solemn yet appreciative tone toward Odinga’s legacy.

The session began with procedural instructions from the Temporary Speaker regarding member log‑ins and adjournment. Members Hon. Mutunga Kanyuithia and Hon. Kibet Komingoi delivered eulogies, lauding the late Raila Odinga’s role in Kenya’s democratic reforms, constitutional development, devolution and peace‑building, and welcomed the President’s decision to grant him a state funeral. The remarks emphasized national unity and the continuation of his vision for Kenya’s future. The House adopted ten petroleum sector regulations before turning to a solemn tribute for the late Rt. Hon. Raila Odinga, with members proposing a two‑minute speaking limit to allow many eulogies. Several MPs delivered heartfelt remembrances while a point of order raised a cultural‑attire dispute, reflecting both reverence and procedural tension. Members of the National Assembly paid heartfelt tributes to the late Hon. Raila Odinga, highlighting his contributions to engineering, infrastructure, and the pursuit of democracy and national unity. The speakers expressed deep sorrow and offered condolences to his family while emphasizing his non-tribal, reformist legacy. The session also noted the public's emotional response and the desire for a dignified send‑off.

Senators paid heartfelt tribute to the late Raila Amolo Odinga, lauding his role as a unifying figure and champion of development projects such as roads, water, and the SGR. They called for continued cooperation among parties and regions to sustain peace and advance infrastructure and economic growth. The session combined solemn remembrance with a forward‑looking appeal for national unity. Senators Wambua and Keroche delivered heartfelt eulogies honoring the late Raila Amolo Odinga, recalling his role in past coalition governments and personal support they received. They moved and seconded a motion to commemorate his legacy, while the Temporary Speaker set a six‑minute limit for contributions. The debate was largely a tribute, with brief procedural remarks. Senators used the afternoon sitting to eulogise the late Raila Odinga, lauding his contributions as the African Union High Representative for Infrastructure, his championing of projects like LAPSSET and continental digital connectivity, and his pivotal role in Kenya's democratic reforms and devolution. They urged the nation to honour his legacy, including proposals to rename Mashujaa Day after him.

The Speaker confirmed quorum, announced the adjournment of the morning sitting and scheduled a new session for 2.30 p.m. The transcript notes a procedural interruption when Hon. Catherine Omanyo sobbed, but no substantive policy debate took place.

The National Assembly convened to address a procedural motion postponing debate to allow members to attend a delegation to Mumbai and to schedule tributes for the late former Prime Minister Rt. Hon. Raila Amolo Odinga. The Speaker guided the motion’s movement and seconding, while members expressed condolences and agreed to allocate time for eulogies tomorrow. The tone was solemn yet cooperative, focusing on funeral arrangements and parliamentary procedure. The House agreed to step down Orders 9 to 18 from the current Order Paper and directed their re‑listing at a later time. The session was then adjourned at 3:02 p.m. to reconvene the following morning.

The debate focused on a Bill designed to strengthen maternal, newborn and child health services by extending care, setting standards, and instituting robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. Members praised the Bill’s provisions for women with special needs, mental health support, and remote‑area access such as mobile clinics, while also highlighting current gaps in the devolved health system. Overall, the speakers expressed strong support for fast‑tracking the legislation to address high maternal and infant mortality rates. Members debated the Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Bill, highlighting the high maternal mortality rates, inadequate antenatal and post‑natal services, and the prevalence of unsafe deliveries in remote areas. While condemning systemic failures such as over‑reliance on caesarean sections, corruption, and lack of resources, they expressed strong support for the Bill as a needed framework to improve care, especially for vulnerable groups like teenage mothers, HIV‑positive women, and persons with disabilities. Members expressed strong support for the maternal, newborn and child health Bill, emphasizing the need for dignified care, training of traditional birth attendants, and clear county responsibilities. They also highlighted systemic challenges such as high infant mortality, gaps in child health services, funding shortfalls, equipment under‑utilisation, and supply chain issues like blood bank reagents and power backups. The debate combined constructive endorsement with critical calls for practical improvements.

Members discussed the Bill to convert the Intergovernmental Relations Technical Committee into a permanent Agency, noting its promise to improve coordination, accountability and service delivery across counties, especially in health and education. They voiced concerns about funding arrangements, overlap with existing bodies such as the Council of County Governors and the County Assembly Forum, and the need for clearer operational structures before endorsing the legislation. Hon. John Waithaka presented a petition highlighting the adverse effects of KeNHA's proposed expansion of the Kiambu–Ruiru road reserve from 40 to 60 metres, which threatens ancestral lands, displaces residents, and raises compensation concerns. The remainder of the sitting involved routine procedural business, including the tabling of reports and motions on labour migration policy, the Sexual Offences (Amendment) Bill, and the Special Funds Account. The session began with Hon. Fatuma Mohammed submitting notices of motion to adopt several Special Funds Accounts reports, which the Deputy Speaker facilitated despite procedural mismatches. The Leader of the Majority Party then delivered the Thursday Statement outlining the House Business Committee’s agenda for upcoming bill readings and urged committees to complete work before the session ends. The Deputy Speaker also acknowledged the presence of a secondary school and a boda‑boda association in the gallery.

The Senate afternoon sitting began with procedural matters, including confirming quorum and welcoming a delegation of teachers and students from Busia County. Senators laid a report on the Kenya Parliamentary Delegation to the 150th Inter‑Parliamentary Union Assembly in Uzbekistan and noted the motion to record it. A solemn tribute was delivered for the late Hon. Elijah Kiptarbei Lagat, honoring his achievements in athletics and public service. Senators highlighted severe deficiencies in Busia County's health facilities, including an overcrowded morgue, non‑functional dialysis machines, lack of ICU and ambulance services, and unregulated pharmacies, urging urgent county action. They also raised concerns over the e‑Citizen digital payment system’s security flaws, calling for stronger government oversight and public‑private partnership, while paying tribute to the late Hon. Elijah Lagat and flagging delays in National ID processing. Senators raised concerns over financial instability, delays in issuing identification documents and the resulting impact on youth employment, while highlighting cross‑border fishing disputes and the need for better coordination between Busia County and neighboring countries. The debate also focused on accountability gaps, citing a Ksh7 billion audit issue and the lack of legislative oversight for private e‑citizen services, and called for protective measures for Lake Turkana’s fishing ecosystem and the establishment of a national dry‑fish auction market in Busia.

Members debated procedural handling of several bill clauses, seeking clarification on recommitting clauses and enumerating specific clauses for further consideration. The Temporary Chairlady guided the process, moving amendments to delete clauses 9 and 10 and to modify wording in clause 12, while also addressing a technical microphone issue. The discussion centered on ensuring proper procedure and accurate legislative language. Members debated proposed limits on gamete and embryo donation, citing risks of excessive genetic siblings and potential incest, and argued for safeguards against commercial surrogacy. While some supported the 10‑donation cap and related clauses, others questioned the basis for the number and sought wording changes, such as deleting “or” in Clause 19(b). The discussion centered on protecting health, ethics, and ensuring altruistic fertility services. Members raised concerns over the lack of mobile network coverage in Lulis Location, Mandera County, and the disappearance of Mr Galgallo Bagaja Malicha in Marsabit County, seeking statements from the relevant departmental committees. The Deputy Speaker noted the absence of committee chairs and pledged responses within two weeks, while procedural motions dominated the sitting with several members absent.

Senator Cheruiyot criticised chronic bottlenecks at the Malaba and Busia border posts, highlighting malfunctioning scanners, excessive paperwork and safety hazards that impede intra‑EAC trade. He urged relevant agencies—including KRA, KeNHA and the Ministry of Transport—to adopt a 90‑day rapid plan and leverage technology to achieve true regional integration. The speech combined sharp criticism with constructive calls for reform and coordination among East African parliaments. Senators highlighted serious shortcomings at Kenya’s border posts in Busia, Malaba and Mandera, citing inadequate infrastructure, loss of revenue, and rampant human trafficking and child labour. They contrasted these failures with the efficient One‑Stop Border Post at Namanga, urging the adoption of similar ICT‑based solutions, better equipment and coordinated action among ministries. Calls were made for formal border points, joint committee meetings and stronger regional integration mechanisms. Senator Cheruiyot moved a motion drawing attention to chronic congestion, inadequate infrastructure and stalled projects at the Busia and Malaba border posts, stressing their impact on trade, revenue and regional integration. He called for urgent, coordinated interventions to modernise facilities, streamline customs procedures and harmonise policies, urging fellow senators to share experiences and support faster clearance for truck drivers and the public. The debate combined criticism of current shortcomings with constructive appeals for reform.

The Minister of Education detailed a verification exercise to identify ghost schools and ensure accurate capitation disbursements, noting 84% completion and aiming for full rollout by next Wednesday. He also addressed salary disputes, confirming payments under the collective bargaining agreement and outlining steps to resolve outstanding lecturer claims, while emphasizing the transition to the Kenya Education Management Information System. Members raised concerns that schools lack sufficient funding for travel and participation in regional competitions such as the East African Games, and highlighted gaps in feeding programmes and hardship allowances for teachers. The Temporary Speaker acknowledged resource shortfalls, noted ongoing reviews of budget allocations and the use of the Sports Fund, and pledged to rationalise funding mechanisms. The exchange combined criticism of current support with constructive suggestions for policy adjustments. The afternoon sitting focused on amending a Bill, with members proposing changes to clauses 3, 4 and 10 and debating the need to reference the Public Finance Management Act. The Temporary Chairlady guided the procedural flow, addressing overlapping amendments from different committees and directing the order of business. While there was some criticism of potential over‑legislation, the debate remained largely collaborative and procedural.

Senators used the afternoon sitting to pay tribute to late colleagues, notable figures from Busia County and fellow party members, highlighting their contributions to science, politics and community life. The speeches were largely celebratory, expressing personal gratitude, acknowledging party affiliations and hinting at future political aspirations. The session concluded after a brief hour of these commendations. Senators highlighted the crisis of low tea farmer payments, urging the Cabinet Secretary for Agriculture to be summoned and calling for equitable interventions across agricultural sectors. They also debated amendments to the Constitution Amendment Bill, seeking greater Senate involvement in selection panels, while the Temporary Speaker repeatedly restored order amid off‑topic remarks. Senators raised concerns over security incidents in Sololo, criticized delays and mismanagement in irrigation schemes, and highlighted the need for better regulation and equipment for artisanal miners. The Deputy Speaker also condemned the practice of naming county projects after officials and urged uniform health‑insurance coverage for public servants across counties.